Pobethen Church
The Pobethen Church ( Russian Кирха Побетен ) was the place of worship in what is now called Romanowo in the Zelenogradsk Raion ( Cranz district ) in the Russian Kaliningrad Oblast ( Koenigsberg region) . It dates from the 14th century and was one of the largest village churches in the Samland , whose massive tower was visible from afar.
Geographical location
The settlement of Romanowo, which today has 1,100 inhabitants, is located on the Russian highway A 192 nine kilometers south-east of the Baltic city of Pionerski (Neukuhren) and three kilometers south of Primorskoje Kolzo (coastal motorway ring). Romanowo is a train station on the Kaliningrad – Swetlogorsk (Königsberg – Rauschen) railway , the former Samland Railway .
The Pobethen Church is located in the northeastern local area west of the A 192 and can be reached via an impassable entrance.
architecture
Until 1945
The Pobethen church is a field stone building with a brick frame . The choir and the nave initially only had flat wooden ceilings, which were later replaced by vaults. The west tower was not added until the 15th century and was given a new crown in 1800. Remains of late medieval paintings could be seen inside the church.
Since 1945
The Pobethener church is said to have remained undamaged during the war and largely intact until the 1980s. According to another source, it is said to have been at least badly affected as a result of the acts of war or immediately afterwards - apparently as the only building in the town. Before 1988 the tower was torn down to the height of the nave, the vaults collapsed and only parts of the roof are preserved. Plans to hand the building over to the Russian Orthodox Church failed. Today only the ruins of the church with the roofed choir and the remaining walls from the tower and nave to roof height are still standing. The current condition makes it impossible to use it for church purposes.
Furnishing
The altar dates from around 1600. The divine trinity was depicted on the main floor, but it was removed in 1896 and replaced by a crucifixion group . The four evangelists were placed as side figures, the Last Judgment with Adam and Eve appeared above . The coronation of the altar represented a carved cross, underneath was a picture of Martin Luther . Each floor was self-contained, and no common statement could be made out.
The pulpit dates from the 17th century, as does the ornate mansion gallery.
Remnants from the late Gothic period were preserved.
organ
Presumably in 1697 the church received an organ from Johann Josua Mosengel . The builder himself added a Rückpositiv to the organ, which consists only of a manual work, in 1726 . In 1766 it was restored by Adam Gottlob Casparini , in 1802 Jacob Preuss repaired the organ after it was damaged by a lightning strike. It was not until 1868 that Ferdinand Scherweit added the pedal mechanism as part of a renovation . After this conversion the organ had 19 registers on two manuals and a pedal . Further changes took place in 1889 (by Max Terletzki) and 1910 (by Carl Novak). Finally, in 1933/1934, the organ was restored by Karl Kemper , Lübeck , and Bartenstein . The organ had sliding chests with mechanical action and register action . According to Renkewitz / Janca / Fischer, the organ was destroyed in 1944.
In 1936 the following disposition was published:
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- Coupling : manual coupling, pedal coupling
- Secondary register : tremulant , Zimbelstern
Remarks
Bells
The Pobethen Church had three bells from 1835, 1845 and 1853.
Parish
Pobethen was already a church village in the pre-Reformation period. The Reformation arrived here very early: a Lutheran clergyman was officiating here as early as 1520. Pobethen was initially included in the Schaaken inspection (today in Russian: Schemtschuschnoje ), then until 1945 it belonged to the Fischhausen church district (today in Russian: Primorsk) in the church province of East Prussia of the Church of the Old Prussian Union . In 1925, 4100 parishioners belonged to the Pobethener parish .
After the Second World War and the loss of the local population through flight and displacement , church life hardly took place any more. State bans also made a revival impossible. Romanowo is now in the catchment area of the Evangelical Lutheran congregation in Zelenogradsk (Cranz) , a branch of the Resurrection Church in Kaliningrad (Königsberg) within the Kaliningrad provost of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of European Russia (ELCER).
Parish locations (until 1945)
In addition to the parish village of Pobethen, 35 places belonged to the Pobethener parish until 1945 :
| Surname | Russian name |
Surname | Russian name |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| Buckling | Pribreschnoye | Nod | ||
| Approach | Perowo | Kringitten | ||
| Barthenes | Lukewarm | |||
| Biegiethen | Mogaites | Perowo | ||
| Dellgienen | Paggehnen | |||
| Diewens | * Pertelt nod | Ternowka | ||
| * Eisliethen | * Pobethen | Romanowo | ||
| Eisseln | Beregovoye | Pokirren | ||
| Sheaf silks | Wheel nod | Rodniki | ||
| Gardwingen | Panayevo | * Rantau | Zostrovye | |
| Geroiskoje | Geroiskoje | Rain | Dubrovka | |
| * Grünhoff | Roschtschino | Schuphnen | Schumnoje | |
| Yawn | Sorts | |||
| Jouglauken | * Strobes | Kulikowo | ||
| Kalaushöfen | Supplieth | Ternowka | ||
| Kalthof | Roshkovo | Fir grove | ||
| Karschau |
Watzum until 1902: Waiting for a nod |
Gorkovskoye | ||
| Kiautrien | Woytnod | Volodino |
Note: * = school locations
Pastor (until 1945)
From the Reformation until 1711, two evangelical clergymen officiated in Pobethen, after that only one:
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Around 1545, at the behest of Duke Albrecht, Pastor Abel Will translated Martin Luther's catechism into the Prussian language : Enchiridion - Catechism in Prussian language and, on the other hand, German , printed in 1545 by Hans Weinreich in Königsberg.
Church records
Numerous church registers for the parish of Pobethen have been preserved and are kept at the German Central Office for Genealogy (DZfG) in Leipzig or at the Evangelical Central Archive (EZA) in Berlin-Kreuzberg :
- Baptisms: 1673 to 1690 and 1735 to 1807 (DZfG) and 1808 to 1825 (EZA)
- Weddings: 1675 to 1689 and 1770 to 1832 (DZfG)
- Funerals: 1732 to 1807 (DZfg) and 1808 to 1825 (EZA).
literature
- Daniel Heinrich Arnoldt : Brief messages from all preachers who have admitted to the Lutheran churches in East Prussia since the Reformation. Königsberg 1777, pp. 28-30 .
- Karl Emil Gebauer : Customer of the Samland or history and topographical-statistical picture of the East Prussian landscape Samland. Königsberg 1844, p. 111, No. 21.
- Adolf Rogge : Forays into culture and church history in the parish of Pobethen . In: Old Prussian monthly. Volume 11. Koenigsberg i. Pr. 1874, pp. 533-545.
Web links
- Pobethen Evangelical Church , images in the color slide archive on Central European wall and ceiling paintings, stucco decorations and room furnishings of the Central Institute for Art History
Individual evidence
- ↑ Walther Hubatsch : History of the Protestant Church in East Prussia , Vol. II: Images of East Prussian churches. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 1968, p. 36 (Figs. 57, 58).
- ↑ Patrick Plew: Die Kirchen im Samland (Pobethen) , accessed on March 3, 2017.
- ↑ Hans-Burkhard Sumowski: Now I was all alone in the world. Weltbild, Munich 2009, ISBN 978-3-8289-4717-7 , p. 191 f. and 201.
- ↑ Werner Renkewitz, Jan Janca, Hermann Fischer : History of the art of organ building in East and West Prussia. Volume II, 1: Mosengel, Caspari, Casparini . Pape Verlag, Berlin 2008, ISBN 978-3-921140-80-2 , pp. 121-124. Other sources date the organ altogether to 1726 or 1680. Renkewitz, who worked on the organ himself in 1933/1934, however, dates the main work to 1697.
- ↑ Music and Church . Born in 1936, issue 2, p. 92 f.
- ↑ Evangelical Lutheran Provosty Kaliningrad ( Memento of the original dated August 29, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Walther Hubatsch: History of the Protestant Church in East Prussia. Volume III: Documents. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 1968, p. 454.
- ↑ Daniel Heinrich Arnoldt : Brief messages from all preachers who have been confessed to the Lutheran churches in East Prussia since the Reformation . Königsberg 1777, pp. 28-30 .
- ↑ Friedwald Moeller: Old Prussian Protestant Pastor's Book from the Reformation to the Expulsion in 1945. Association for Family Research in East and West Europe eV, Hamburg 1968, p. 112.
- ^ History and the Pobethen House at ostpreussen.net
- ↑ Church book inventory according to genealogy.net
Coordinates: 54 ° 53 ′ 46 ″ N , 20 ° 16 ′ 29 ″ E