Hans Kraut
Johann Bartholomäus Kraut (* around 1532 in Spaichingen ; † end of the 16th century in Rottweil ), known as Hans Kraut , was a southern German artist .
Life
Few exact data are known about Hans Kraut. He was probably born in Spaichingen around 1532 and, as a journeyman, visited international centers of pottery art such as Salzburg and South Tyrol , whose influences are reflected in his works. From 1566 at the latest he was based in Villingen , where he ran a shop on Münsterplatz . He soon achieved a certain fame, as evidenced by the fact that abbesses and councilors were among his clients. On May 24, 1585 he finally acquired the citizenship of Villingen and was probably also a councilor in the same year. On October 2, 1590, he received a letter of arms from Archduke Ferdinand II , and two years later he asked to be admitted to the Rottweiler hospital. A tombstone with the initials "HK" and the date of death 1592, which was occasionally attributed to Hans Kraut, has been preserved in the Villingen Franciscan Museum. In a contract record from 1596, however, he is mentioned again, which suggests a later date of death. Two of his four sons continued the pottery trade. One of them, Hans Jakob Kraut, was burned at the stake as a witcher in Villingen in 1641 after his maid, who was also accused of being a witch, had denounced him as an accomplice. Members of the Kraut family worked as potters until the 18th century.
Hans Kraut is considered to be one of the most important pottery makers in southern Germany, who was one of the first to introduce faience technology north of the Alps. He designed many of his own motifs in the Renaissance style , but occasionally also used foreign templates, including ornaments by Hans Holbein and Raffael . Although he also made drawings, his real importance lies in the field of sculpture. His work is known far beyond the German-speaking world, for example one of his magnificent ovens is now in the Victoria and Albert Museum in London. Kraut is particularly famous in Villingen, where a street and a trade school were named after him.
legend
According to a Villingen legend, Hans Kraut received the order from the Imperial Court in Vienna to make one of his famous ovens. The master potter created his most splendid work of art, but when the individual parts of the furnace, glazed in gold, arrived in Vienna, no one was able to put them together. In Villingen, Kraut was then accused of being a sorcerer, which is why he was dishonorably buried in a lonely place outside the city after his death. In the legend, the memory of Hans Kraut's art is mixed with the real fate of his son Hans Jakob.
exhibition
Works by Hans Kraut, including a grave sculpture (1574) Naval Battle of Rhodes for Komtur Wolfgang von Masmünster ordered and paid for by Johann Philipp Lesch von Mühlheim and a large coat of arms of the city of Villingen, can be seen in the Franciscan Museum Villingen-Schwenningen . A fully preserved tiled stove, once installed in Engen, is in the collections of the Victoria and Albert Museum in London . A second complete furnace can be found in the Badisches Landesmuseum Karlsruhe in the permanent exhibition From the Reformation to the Wars of Succession .
The splendid furnace in the old town hall of Villingen was created from 1894 to 1895 by the art dealer Johann Glatz (1846–1915) as a copy (except for the depictions on the tiles) of the original created by Hans Kraut in the 16th century.
Other works
- Tower furnace in the Schlossmuseum Berlin (attributed to)
- Tower furnace in the Swiss National Museum
- Tower furnace in the State Trade Museum in Stuttgart
- Tower furnace in the museum in the Ritterhaus Offenburg
- Tower furnace in Villingen (reconstruction)
- Gold-glazed tower furnace for the Vienna Hofburg (lost or possibly it is the furnace in the MAK, which was in Laxenburg until 1941 and was restored in 2018 and will be exhibited in the Leogang Mining Museum from September 2019 ) The leaf decorations are covered with gold leaf. Edmund Wilhelm Braun attributed it to a Salzburg workshop. Carl Kornhas, however, awarded it to Hans Kraut.
- Tile fragment with a jumping deer, coat of arms of the St. Blasien monastery (attributed)
- Relief of the coat of arms of the Lords of Zimmer (dated 1575) and numerous fragments, found during the renovation of the Hans Kraut House in Villingen.
literature
- Josef Fuchs: A short history of art Villingen , in: Villingen. From the history of the city, Villingen 1971
- Paul Revellio : Contributions to the history of the city of Villingen , Villingen 1964, pp. 226–236.
- Hafnerkunst in Villingen , inventory catalog of the Museum Altes Rathaus Villingen, Villingen-Schwenningen 1978
- Paul Booz , architectural and art history of the St. Blasien Monastery and its domain , Schillinger, Freiburg 2001, ISBN 3-89155-264-5
- Carl Kornhas: Hans Kraut and his works. In: Heimat und Handwerk , No. 5/6, 1925, pp. 40–44.
Notes / individual evidence
- ↑ His former home is now in Hans-Kraut-Gasse No. 5, cf. Werner Jörres, Herbert Schroff: Memories of an old city , VS-Schwenningen 1993, p. 105.
- ↑ Revellio 1964, p. 232
- ↑ See Ulrich Rodenwaldt: Life in the old Villingen. In the mirror of the council minutes of the 17th and 18th centuries , p. 215
- ↑ See Annelore Walz: History of the witch hunt in Villingen , in: Villingen and Schwenningen. History and culture , Hermann Kuhn Verlag 1998, p. 195
- ↑ Wendelin Duda: Die Sagen der Baar and the city of Villingen , Freiburg 2006, p. 50.
- ^ Thomas HT Wieners : Villinger Handwerkskunst in London. In the Victoria and Albert Museum there is now a tiled stove made by Hans Kraut, a master potter from Villingen. In: Schwarzwälder Bote , Villingen-Schwenningen edition, No. 46 of February 24, 2012.
- ↑ From the Reformation to the Wars of Succession. Guide through the department of the Baden State Museum. Karlsruhe 2008, p. 117 with illustration.
- ↑ restoration of the tiled stove
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Kraut, Hans |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Kraut, Johann Bartholomäus (full name) |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | German artist |
| DATE OF BIRTH | around 1532 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Spaichingen |
| DATE OF DEATH | 16th Century |
| Place of death | Rottweil |