Hans Heinrich Landolt

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Hans Landolt (approx. 1890)

Hans Heinrich Landolt (born December 5, 1831 in Zurich , † March 15, 1910 in Deutsch-Wilmersdorf near Berlin , Germany ) was a Swiss chemist . His name is still linked to the standard work Physico-Chemical Tables , better known as " Landolt-Börnstein " (1st edition 1883). In 2008, the printed work comprised over 350 volumes, with around 16 volumes being added each year.

Life

Landolt came from a patrician family that had provided the mayor and city ​​president of Zurich. His father, Johann Heinrich Landolt (1792–1847), was Zurich's bag master . In 1850 Landolt began studying chemistry at the University of Zurich . Three years later he followed his teacher Carl Löwig to Breslau , where he became a member of the Corps Marchia in 1854 .

1853 doctorate he became Dr. phil. After a short time in Berlin, he accepted an invitation from Robert Bunsen to the Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg . In 1856 he returned to Breslau to do his habilitation . The Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität , Bonn, appointed Landolt as associate professor in 1858 . When the new laboratory building was completed in 1868, he and Friedrich Kekulé were appointed director.

In 1870 he took over the chair for organic and inorganic chemistry at the newly founded Royal Rhenish-Westphalian Polytechnic School in Aachen . In 1874 he was elected a member of the Leopoldina .

In 1881 he followed a call to the Royal Agricultural University in Berlin . In 1891 he took over the management of the 2nd Chemical Institute of the Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Berlin in Bunsenstrasse. Even after his retirement in 1905 , he worked in a laboratory at the Physikalisch-Technische Reichsanstalt .

Landolt was married to Emilie Schallenberg (1839–1914) since 1859. Their son Robert Landolt (1865–1932) was an ophthalmologist and professor of medicine in Strasbourg and Zurich (not related to the inventor of the Landolt rings ). The daughter Maria was married to the Berlin pharmacologist Oskar Liebreich .

plant

Alongside Wilhelm Ostwald, Landolt was a leader in the field of physical chemistry , which was just becoming established . Research on the luminescence of gases formed a first focus of his work . He later investigated the possibility of calculating the refraction of organic compounds from the atomic refractions. Another important research area of ​​Landolt and his students was the behavior of solutions of optically active substances towards polarized light. In the 1890s he conducted very detailed studies of the conservation of mass in chemical reactions. He found that in the reactions he investigated, the mass had remained constant to at least one millionth of the amount of substance used.

The development of measurement methods and the collection of chemical and physical quantities took up a large part of Landolt's work. Together with Richard Börnstein , he published the physico-chemical tables (the "Landolt-Börnstein") from 1883 . He had a seat on the board of trustees of the Physikalisch-Technische Reichsanstalt and was a member of the Atomic Weight Commission appointed by the German Chemical Society .

In addition, he maintained very good contacts with the leading Berlin instrument makers. He was a member of the German Society for Mechanics and Optics and, together with Rudolf Fuess and Leopold Loewenherz, published the Zeitschrift für Instrumentenkunde .

Honors

Landolt was a member of the Royal Prussian and Russian Academy of Sciences .

In recognition of his outstanding scientific services as a professor in the Philosophical Faculty of the Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität , Kaiser Wilhelm II awarded him the Prussian Great Gold Medal for Science in January 1905 . In 1909, Landolt was proposed for the Nobel Prize by Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff .

There has been a Landoltweg in Berlin-Dahlem since 1913, and in Aachen since 2005 .

In 1874 the Academic Association of Chemists and Metallurgists at the Aachen Polytechnic , which later became Corps Montania Aachen, made him an honorary member.

See also

Fonts (selection)

  • The optical rotatory power of organic substances and its practical applications , Vieweg, Braunschweig 1879
  • with R. Börnstein: Physico-chemical tables , 1883
  • On the conservation of mass in chemical reactions , 1905

literature

Web links

Commons : Hans Heinrich Landolt  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Kösener Corps Lists 1910, 31 , 72.
  2. ↑ Habilitation thesis: About the chemical processes in the flame of the luminous gas .
  3. ^ Letter from the Ministry of Culture to the Academy of January 28, 1905. BBAW, signature: II-III-33, p. 190.
  4. ^ Regine Zott: Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff in letters to Svante Arrhenius . In: Horst Kant and Annette Vogt (eds.): From the history and theory of science (PDF; 7.5 MB). Publishing house for scientific and regional history Dr. Michael Engel, Berlin 2005. ISBN 3-929134-49-7 , p. 254.
  5. ^ Franz Ludwig Neher: The Corps Montania zu Aachen, 1872-1957 , 1957, p. 21.
personal data
SURNAME Landolt, Hans Heinrich
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Swiss chemist
DATE OF BIRTH December 5, 1831
PLACE OF BIRTH Zurich , Switzerland
DATE OF DEATH March 15, 1910
Place of death Berlin-Wilmersdorf , Germany