Harliburg
| Harliburg | ||
|---|---|---|
 Uneven castle grounds overgrown with wild garlic |
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| Alternative name (s): | Harlyburg, Herlingsberg | |
| Creation time : | 13th Century | |
| Castle type : | Höhenburg, hillside location | |
| Conservation status: | Burgstall , ramparts, moats | |
| Place: | Vienenburg , Goslar district , Lower Saxony | |
| Geographical location | 51 ° 57 '38.5 " N , 10 ° 34' 12.2" E | |
| Height: | 193 m above sea level NHN | |
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The Harliburg (also called Harlyburg or Herlingsberg ) near Vienenburg in the Lower Saxony district of Goslar is the castle stables of a former imperial castle on the Harlyberg (Harly) .
Geographical location
The place of the former Harliburg ( 193 m above sea level ) is located in the east-southeast of the Harlyberg on a large hilltop. It is located about 1 km north-northeast of Vienenburg ( 141 m ), a north-eastern district of Goslar . To the south and east below the former castle complex, the Oker flows around the southeast end of the Harlyberg; About 500 m to the southwest lies the Vienenburger See in the Okertal . Almost exactly 2 km west-northwest of the castle stables is the highest elevation of the Harlys ( 255.9 m ). About 600 m (as the crow flies ) east-south-east of the Burgstall, the B 241 passes under the B 36 at the Vienenburg junction ; Wiedelah is located directly across the motorway .
Building description
The castle was built on a hilltop and was elongated in shape. From the former Burgplatz, the mountain slopes drop steeply to the south and south-east towards the Oker. The main castle was 50 × 150 meters. The north side was protected by a ditch carved into the rock, in front of which there was a forecourt. In addition, the facility was surrounded by a ring trench with a rampart. The entire castle area with ramparts and moats had an area of about 200 × 400 meters. Structures have not been preserved and excavations have not yet taken place. The remains are walls and moats . Today the area of the former Harliburg is overgrown by dense forest.
Auxiliary systems
In addition to the Harliburg, there were other fortifications on the large hilltop, which are seen as entrenchments and siege works. The Goslar Chronicle reports on a total of five facilities (slote) that the besiegers built in 1291 to take the Harliburg. This includes a square Viereckschanze about 300 meters northeast of the Harliburg. It has dimensions of 20 × 20 meters and has a wall and a square elevation on which a tower may have stood. There is also a trench with an embankment. The hill is considered to be the command center of the siege of 1291. A ring hill is located on a hill about 200 meters northeast of the Harliburg as a closed ring wall with a diameter of 30 × 60 meters. In addition, there is a rampart about 100 meters north of the Harliburg, which is 200 meters long and lies on a line between the Viereck- and the Ringschanze. An angle ski jump can be found 500 meters northeast of the castle on a sloping mountain ledge. It is a 65 meter long wall with a pre-moat that is angled twice.
history
In 1203 the Harliburg was built by King Otto IV as an imperial fortress. Like the Liebenburg , which used to stand around 10 km to the northwest, it was intended to serve as a threat to the access roads to Goslar, which was held by Philip of Swabia from Hohenstaufen . Otto last stayed at the castle in 1218 shortly before his death.
At the end of the 13th century the castle came to the Guelphs . The Bishop of Hildesheim accused Heinrich Mirabilis von Braunschweig-Grubenhagen at the Erfurt Reichstag in 1290 of having violated the peace in the country , which had been in force since 1284, by tolerating the robbery of the castle occupants . This triggered the Herlingsberg War , in which the Bishop of Hildesheim, with the help of allies, took Harliburg after four months of siege in 1291 and destroyed it by razing it . Its stones were used, among other things, to build the Wiedelah moated castle between 1292 and 1297, which is about 2 km to the southeast. The stones were also used to build the nearby Vienenburg castle in Vienenburg , which was built around 1300 .
reception
The contemporary Heinrich Rosla from Nienburg (Saale) wrote the Latin epic Herlingsberga in the 13th century about the razing of Harliburg .
literature
- Friedrich Stolberg : Harliburg in: Fortifications in and on the Harz from early history to modern times , Hildesheim, 1968, pp. 132-135
- Friedrich Stolberg: Harliburg-Viereckschanze in: Fortifications in and on the Harz from early history to modern times , Hildesheim, 1968, p. 135
- Friedrich Stolberg: Harliburg-Ringschanze in: Fortifications in and on the Harz from early history to modern times , Hildesheim, 1968, pp. 135-136
- Friedrich Stolberg: Harliburg-Schanzwall in: Fortifications in and on the Harz from early history to modern times , Hildesheim, 1968, pp. 135-136
- Hans Adolf Schultz : Burgen und Schlösser des Braunschweiger Land , Braunschweig 1980, Die Harliburg , S. 87, ISBN 3-87884-012-8
- Ernst Andreas Friedrich : The ramparts of the Harliburg , pp. 137-139, in: If stones could talk . Volume IV, Landbuch-Verlag, Hannover 1998, ISBN 3-7842-0558-5
- Margret Zimmermann, Hans Kensche: Castles and palaces in Hildesheimer Land . Hildesheim, 2001, pp. 168-169
- Hans-Wilhelm Heine : “… and buweden vor 5 nige slote…” in: Archeology in Lower Saxony , 2003, pp. 59–63
Web links
- Entry by Stefan Eismann zu Harliburg in the scientific database " EBIDAT " of the European Castle Institute
- Harliburg , reconstruction drawing in the medieval state, on burgrebaus.de
- The Harliburg , information and map, on burgen.ausflugsziel-harz.de