House Nordherringen
| House Nordherringen | ||
|---|---|---|
| Alternative name (s): | Torksburg, Torcksburg | |
| Creation time : | around 1187 | |
| Castle type : | bridgehead | |
| Conservation status: | Earthwork | |
| Standing position : | Knight's seat | |
| Construction: | Quarry stone (remains built in the local church) | |
| Place: | Hamm | |
| Geographical location | 51 ° 40 '26.9 " N , 7 ° 44' 32.7" E | |
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The house of Nordherringen , which is also called Torksburg or Torcksburg after its previous owners, was a medieval fortification (moated castle) in Herringen . The remains of the building were demolished in the 19th century, and the Datteln-Hamm Canal was later built over the building site. Remnants of the building from the 16th century, presumably from the house, were walled in in the Catholic church from 1771/75, the successor to the old castle chapel.
location
The former castle seat of Nordherringen leaned against the Lippe in the north, while the Herringer Bach provided cover in the east. Before the Lippe Regulation (1855–1895), beyond the Nordherringer Lippe Bridge (in the direction of Münsterland), over which the path from the Wittekindsblock to Nordherringen leads, depressions, gullies and raised areas could be seen in the meadows on both sides of the embankment. The remains of the Torcksburg foundations were located there. At that time the lip was the northern security of the house; since its regulation there is only a dead branch. In the south, the Herringer Bach fed an almost 300 m long moat , which turned the Burr area into a spacious island. At the beginning of the 20th century, the remains of the castle were built over with the Datteln-Hamm Canal .
In the Middle Ages, the lip ran differently. As late as 1570 it was said: It was true that such Markischer Heuser was located more than the Torcken seat in Hering in earlier times on that side of the Lippe, but will be located due to changes or causes of the old trickle (south of the Lippe). At that time it was about the demarcation between Münster and Mark . A lip map , probably made for the same occasion, shows the Torkeschen Huiß , similar to the neighboring Stockum house , on an island in the Lippestorm.
The moated castle (then Wasserburg Heringen with only one "r") and the place where it was located were also called Tork's place. The castle complex is said to have been located opposite the Laake house .
history
founding
The importance of the House of Nordherringen for the expansion of the state sovereignty is controversial and has not yet been conclusively investigated. Some researchers are of the opinion that the house, like Heidemühlen, Haaren and Nienbrügge , was supposed to have been fortified as a bridgehead against the hostile Münsterland as early as 1187. Other researchers think it is likely that Haus Nordherringen was the Brandenburg counterpart to Homburg , which was destroyed at the beginning of the 13th century and was only half a kilometer down the Lippe. The Homburg served the Counts of Berg to secure their possessions against the claims of Münster and to secure the Lippe border to the north. House Nordherringen would have taken on this role for the Counts of the Mark . It is undisputed that the Counts of the Mark could not be indifferent to who sat on the border with the diocese of Münster. At the critical time of the expansion of Nordherringen, the fiefdom was only occupied by followers who were known to be absolutely loyal to the count. Whether there was a planned, early castle foundation at this point has still not been proven. The house was first mentioned between 1312 and 1327 in connection with the founding of a chapel. The owner at the time, Hermann Volenspit, described the chapel in 1383 as " occupy in myne hove ". Although the estate already had fortifications at that time, so that it could retreat to the Lippe island in times of need, this year it still had the character of an upper court.
The medieval Nordherringen was not particularly large. On both sides of Lünener Straße, the old Lippehellweg , a number of Kotten are attested to the late Middle Ages, which were later incorporated into the Hovesaat of the property. About the Deutzer Lehnshof Brand it is said in 1686: Some sizable pieces would have been alieniret (estranged) . In 1705 the Böckhof said: Is desolate and included in the Torckse Hovesaat . The aristocratic estate Nordherringen can only have owned a few pieces of land in the immediate vicinity of the knightly dwelling in Herring. However, its owners held the trademark judge's office in the Bockum brands Dornheide, Hölterbrede, Lausbach, Nierfeld and Wellinghaus, a pasture and forest area of 336 acres. They also claimed the right to fish in the Lausbach.
That of herrings
Initially, the von Heringen owned the Nordherringen house. Today almost nothing is known about this family.
The Volenspits
The next owners of Nordherring came from the Volenspit family . It is questionable whether Dietrich Volenspit had Nordherringen as a fief or only his son Pultian. The latter urged his sons Gottfried and Dietrich to establish a chapel on the property, which they then carried out in 1312. The court lands seem to have been perfectly adequate for the Volenspits. Their service in the entourage of the Counts of the Mark was so absorbed that they could only occasionally visit their Herringer seat.
The Nordherringen family only played a subordinate role in the possession of the Volenspits. The family made fiefdoms everywhere, bought up, married and spread over the whole of Hamm . The most important branches of the house of Volenspit were in Lünen east of Unna (Volenspit gt. Dolberg), zur Vorhelm (Volenspit gt. Vette) and on Heidemühlen in the municipality of Uentrop . Presumably they also inherited the noblemen of Dolberg. From their extensive acquisitions, they created their own feudal association, like independent sovereigns. Since Nordherringen was not of great importance for the Volenspits, Gottfried, hereditary lord of the estate and co-founder of the chapel, is only mentioned once in a document in connection with the Herringen parish. The Deutz fiefdom register noted around 1350: Mr. Gottfried von Volenspeyt received the goods in Merschen that he bought from Wilhelm Merschen (farmers Merschhoven, Ksp. Bockum) in Mannlehn. Furthermore the goods called Pipelbroke, located in the parish Boycheym (Bockum), which he bought from Friedrich gt. Kotmann.
Between 1361 and 1385 the Volenspits came to an end on Nordherringen. In 1361 Gottfried's eldest son Dietrich exchanged the ownership rights of the Steinfurt tithe in the church games Ahlen and Sendenhorst for an allod in Herringen with the noble Baldwin von Steinfurt . The house tom Bezege (on the Beisey, Nordherringen; details are not known) was temporarily made a Steinfurter fief.
Chapel to Nordherringen
Gottfried and Dietrich Volenspit , Pultian's sons, agreed in 1312 "uff bitterlick anhalden Pulciani militis ires Vaders" to donate and build a chapel on Gut Nordherringen and transferred the Afhuppe house in the parish of Methler to furnish. In 1319 Hermann Zuadland, pastor of Herringen, gave his approval. In 1322, the Volenspits donated the chapel, which was then consecrated by Auxiliary Bishop Hermann. On the condition that the Herring parish church would not be harmed by this and that the castle residents should receive baptism, Lord's Supper and the last unction in the mother church in Herringen, the Abbot of Deutz gave his consent in 1327. In the same year the consent of the Dortmund archdeacon was received . Archbishop Heinrich von Köln was then able to announce that there was a chapel in Herringen, with pensions and a priest.
A part of the Volenspit property went to the chapel between 1370 and 1385, so that the house of Nordherringen did not achieve any notable manorial rule among the Volenspits. The few Kötter owned by the house lived south of the estate and on or near the Beiseys. Between 1370 and 1388 the chapel experienced an unexpected enrichment. Lambert Volenspit, rector of the chapel, bought it from his relatives; in particular these were Godeke, Dietrich and his daughter Grete as well as Hermann von Herringen, who was related by marriage to the Volenspits through his wife Gertrud. In 1383 Mr. Goscath van Hetvelde provided the chapel. Lambert Volenspit had taken over the parish of Heessen, but continued to favor the family foundation.
The generous donations caught the attention of the Brandenburg authorities. The count could not be indifferent to the increase in ownership of church institutions. As the property of the dead hand , it was lost to taxation and reduced state revenues. Against this background, the incident that Hermann Vollenspit reported on record in 1386 also took place: With fear and coercion, he was through Count Engelbert III. The Mark urged officials and servants to go to the church in Herringen to listen to services and receive the sacraments. Although he and syne Vurellern owner of the Huises Northerringen, and all syn Hussgesinde je and all tydt toe vurg, Capellen went, Gods service to hear, dabye t syn and dat Sacrament of the altar received in the same to . How the dispute ended is not known. But it is also possible that the pastor in Herring had initiated the official intervention, as the donations made him lose the church taxes.
Land and cottages were later added to the Nordherringen family , probably during the Thirty Years War . The Torcks compensated the band with other services. In 1385, the Volenspits' donations to their house chapel ended. From now on the Smelings became owners of the dominion on Nordherringen.
The Franciscans from Hamm celebrated mass in the castle chapel from 1672 to 1775 for the residents of Herringen who remained Catholic. The story of Herring says: After the Reformation, the few remaining Catholics in the old parish only had the Torksburg castle chapel, built in 1332, in which they could celebrate services. They were looked after by the Franciscan Fathers from the St. Agnes Monastery since 1672. When the castle chapel fell into disrepair and the lord of the castle also became Protestant, a new church had to be built.
The Smelings
The family history of the Smelings can only be traced over a period of 150 years. Their origin is unknown. They were first mentioned in the Hamm area in 1340. With wealth in Heeren-Werve, Johann Smeling married probably around 1390 on Nordherringen. Count Adolf III. von der Mark enfeoffed him in 1392 to Mannlehn with the huys to Naerheringe . At around the same time, Hermann Smeling (probably Johann's brother) settled in the southern Münsterland. The Volmarsteiner enfeoffed him in 1397 with the Blasum farm association in the Stockum peasantry. The abbot of Deutz gave him the Bockumer Hof Pipelbrock as a fief in 1401.
Johann Smeling died before 1396. His sons Johann and Dietrich let themselves be enfeoffed half with the Blasum farm in 1426 and 1428. Dietrich renounced in 1429 in favor of his brother, so that Johann received the entire fief in 1435.
An independent line of smelings developed temporarily on Blasum. Like other knightly mayors, they separated a few acres of Salland from the Schulzenhof and secured it with walls and ditches. Around 1800 one could still see the dilapidated ditches and ramparts in Kuhkamp Schulze-Blasums, which the chronicler Pastor Kumann zu Bockum connects with the Volenspits. There is also a connection between Schmeling's branch at Hof Blasum and the adlich fryen Hauß called Adolphsburg . 250 m north of the farm, in the corner of the Lausbach, one can assume that it was the successor to the Schmelingschefen Blasum family.
The Schmelings are not spared economic difficulties and financial difficulties. The city of Hamm imprisoned Gerd Smeling, known as Gerd van Blashem (Blasum castle seat), because of an unknown offense. On June 6, 1421, the hammer released him together with his fellow prisoner Johann Schutte, not without first having him swear a primal feud.
In 1438/41 Dietrich Smelling took over the paternal legacy of Nordherringen. The estate was already encumbered with seven gold florins. A sale of pensions from the Lettenbruch, the Beringhof in the parish of Bönen and the house in Nordherringen, issued in the name of Dietrichs and his wife Heilburg, reduced the annual income by a further 14 gold guilders.
The Smellings had to give up Lettenbruch and Beringhof in 1467. When they left Nordherringen to the Torcks cannot be determined to within a year.
Von Torck family
The earliest reference to the Torck on Nordherringen comes from the year 1496. Godert (Gottfried) Torck is noted three times as living in Herringen.
In contrast to many other aristocrats who could not cope with the turn of the Middle Ages, the years before the Thirty Years' War meant a period of growing prosperity for the Torck family. They had adapted to the changed conditions. In the late Middle Ages, the organization of the state administration took on tangible forms. Thus the offices of Hamm, Kamen and Unna were formed. By the turn of the 16th century, the Torcks had developed into a veritable dynasty of civil servants; Members of her family administered the offices of Unna, Neuenrade and Dülmen. Godert Torck was Klevian house marshal and bailiff in Goch on the Lower Rhine (1489/1509). The bailiffs often acted on their own. Financial hardships forced the sovereign to pledge. Some wealthy families, among them the Torcks, took advantage of the plight of their sovereigns to take over the most important government administrative bodies.
Only the aristocrat who adapted to the new era in good time did not join the peasant or bourgeoisie. Firearms and farmhand armies finally displaced the medieval lone warrior and thus the knighthood. The medieval lone warrior, the proverbial warrior, like the Volenspits had been, were no longer in demand. Those who did not want to lose touch had to enter permanent government services. Origin and social position left only the choice between administrative service and an officer career. All sexes that have been able to hold their positions up to the most recent times have taken one of these paths. The aristocrats often acquired the technical requirements for the civil service profession at colleges and universities. The career of an officer was less demanding.
There was no wealth to be gained in either profession. A constable sergeant from the Elector of Brandenburg was entitled to 27 Reichstaler per month in 1670, a lieutenant colonel 38 Reichstaler, and a captain received 40 Reichstaler. Other rulers did not pay better either.
The standard of living, however, was expensive. Reputation and demeanor were not cheap. The financial budget of a nobleman was usually weak. Many goods were encumbered with mortgages. Individual properties or farms had to be sold in order to satisfy the most stubborn creditors. A cheap marriage could balance out the budget; but when settling younger siblings, a lord of the castle had to burden himself with such huge debts that unforeseen events such as war or disability drove him into bankruptcy.
In spite of this, most of the aristocrats showed great skill in constantly tapping new sources of money, keeping their creditors satisfied and also increasing their property through purchases.
The seat of the aristocrats also changed during the transition from the Middle Ages to the modern era. The often very poor fortifications disappeared and representative residential buildings were built. The castle became a palace. The castle grounds only played a subordinate role for the medieval knight. Now an attempt was made to enlarge the tax-free Hovesaat at the expense of the sovereign treasury. Kotten and courtyards were closed and merged with the Hovesaat.
The example of the Herringen Oberhof shows how the aristocratic and ecclesiastical mansions fell apart and the lower courts fell into different hands. In the 14th and 15th centuries, they became an object of speculation for knights and financially strong citizens. What was traded was not the real value of land, but the income from taxes and taxes. It is not uncommon for a court to change its overlord five to six times during a century.
At the beginning of the 16th century the market calmed down. The aristocratic and urban patricians gathered courtyards and cottages around a central point. Property that was too distant was sold off. A new manorial association emerged, tighter and more closed than the medieval one. In addition to taxes in kind, manual and clamping services became indispensable for the enlarged aristocratic own business.
The history of the aristocratic Tork rule in Nordherringen reflected this general development. When the Smelings Godert Torck left the Nordherringen house around 1500, ownership was limited to the surrounding court estates, which by no means had their later size. From 1504 the Torcks were able to expand their possessions. In that year Deutz transferred to Godert Tork dat gude called Brandeshoff located zo Northerringen in the Kirspill van Heringen up deme Beysey . Since 1507 Gert (Godert) Torck had the Blasumer Oberhof with the still existing lower courtyards from the Volmarsteiners as a fief.
The fiefdoms of Mittorp / Eversmann in the Brandenburg region were owned by the von Neheim and Werries family from 1510 to 1584. The goods were gradually pledged for a total of 250 Reichsthalers - a sum that exceeded the utility value of both farms. Jasper Torck was also one of von Neheim's creditors. Until 1631 the Evermann / Mittorp farms moved to the Nordherringen house.
Bevermann, Brüggemann and the Marckskotten am Kirchplatz (Schlueter in 1844) were acquired by the Torck family over time. Details are not known. Around 1600 the Torcks appropriated the Schemmannskotten and the lands of the Vollenspitschen Kapellenstiftung. Caspar Torck compensated his vicar in 1628 with an annual pension of 24 Reichsthalers.
At the Heidekotten Nölken the Torcks seem to have asserted their influence as pasture masters of the Herringer vulgarity. The Kotten was only created after the Thirty Years War. It was also owned by Nordherringen.
After the Great War, the Torcks rounded off their tax-free Hovesaat by including fallow farms. This is how the Torcksfeld was created, a contiguous field of 42 Prussian acres. Four full courtyards disappeared from the history of Herring at that time. The Torks, the sovereigns, managed to cheat property taxes. But they couldn't avoid church taxes. The Brüggemann farm supplied the pastor with six bushels of barley as measuring grain for the former farms Eickmann, Platzhoff (Plarenhof), Rollmann (also Kottmann), altarist goods (2 bushels) and for Nordherringen itself.
Only the sole site of the Kottmann-Rollmannhof can still be determined. The name Rollhof north of the Lünener Weg at the height of the Herringer Bach, which was laid in 1930, is reminiscent of them.
Justice
The house of Nordherringen was not poor in aristocratic justice and privileges. Free drafts and mill justice were privileges that earned the Torcks some talers. The Prussian state successfully took action against the aristocratic competition of its state mills. The residents of the Hamm office had to have their grain ground on one of the Lippe mills at the north gate in Hamm. Torck's mill, besides the two mills owned by Brüggen (v. Kettler), the only private mill of the office, was still allowed to grind the Hovesaat's income for the noble household.
In 1724 King Friedrich Wilhelm affirmed a decision of his Kleve government, according to which Major von Torck had to pay a fixed sum to the excise fund annually for his Freizapff at the Gründewald Ambts Hamm (today Gastwirtschaft Tipp).
Further rights of the house of Nordherringen were hunting in the village of Herringen and fishing on the Lippe west of the house. Incidentally, the privileges of noble estates in parish and parish were associated with the house of Nordherringen: church seats in Herringen and in the chapel in Nordherringen; Burial place in the church in Herringen; free flight of pigeons; together with neighboring nobles, pasture rule in the Reck-Kamenschen Heide; the right of patronage to Nordherringen; the votes for preacher, sexton and teacher; the state parliament ability.
The 17th century and the Reformation: The Torcks remain Catholic
The Torcks of the 15th century were mainly in the civil service of the sovereign. In the 17th / 18th In the 19th century they were officers without exception.
Jasper (1580/1617) contradicted his community and the Brandenburg knighthood by persisting in the old faith, although the county of Mark converted almost completely to the Protestant religion. His decision had far-reaching consequences. Centuries-old family relationships with the neighboring noble families were torn apart. From then on, the Lippe was not only the national border, but also the dividing line between two bitterly fighting beliefs. Torcks Platz with its catholic mission station appeared like an outpost of the catholic duchy of Munster.
As a result, the Torcks grew out of the non-religious county of Mark and established relationships with other Catholic countries. They married women from Catholic families from the Cologne Sauerland or the Münsterland. Jasper married Margarete, heiress to Galen (Dinker). His son Casper (Low German: Jasper) led the title of gentleman to Nordherringen and Galen. The grandson had to give up the name Galen again.
Jasper's daughter Margarete was recorded as a canon in 1621. Her sister Margret Catharina married the Catholic Arnold Henrich v. Fresendorff to Opherdicke . Dietrich Adolf's wife came from the Protestant family of Fridag on Buddenborg . In 1700 she made the following declaration about her willingness to change to her husband's faith: I pledge, promise and swear by God and all his exceptions, saints and my soul, that I will abandon my place of worship and that I will occasionally renounce the Roman-Catholic religion Freyen wants to accept willingly and unconstrainedly and want to persist in death in it bit. So let me know the most holy and most unfathomable trinity and all saints and all God's chosen ones. In 1700 June 13th, ElisabWLeth Charlotte von Fridag, wife of Torck. It is not known whether the Dame kept her promise. Her son Dietrich Adolf was canon of Münster. Canon law forbade him to marry his late brother's wife. Therefore, in 1735 he converted to the Reformed Confession.
Since the Reformation the Torcks had their seats in the Catholic Church in Bockum. In 1736 the Reformed consistory assigned them places in the St. Viktor Church in Herringen (on the left hand on the choir at the burials of the House of Stockum) . From 1737 the Baron von Torck appeared repeatedly as a member of the Reformed consistory. The Catholic mission station on Nordherringen was not affected by the change of religion. The Torcks could interfere with the service, but the law and government ensured the continued existence of the Catholic community.
In the service of Catholic rulers
In the Thirty Years War, the arms trade was the most profitable, often the only possible occupation for a nobleman. Jasper Tork was on the side of the imperial in Hamm. Then the Hessians moved in, besieged the city and drove out the imperial ones. Jasper was killed in the attack. His widow complained in a letter dated February 24, 1637 that her husband Casper Torck had been slain in the city of Hamm in the H. Hessische Impresse and that she was now a sad widow with several underage children.
Jasper's brother served as a captain in 1671, certainly not in the army of his sovereign, the Elector of Brandenburg.
Dietrich Adolf (1637/82) was in the rank of lieutenant colonel. In 1678 he was Ober Commendand of the city of Münster. At that time, Nordherringen Castle was the scene of a bloody conflict between the French and Brandenburgers.
Battle for Nordherringen
Northwest Germany was again a theater of war in 1672/73. Louis XIV was in battle with the Dutch. Brandenburg and imperial troops came to the aid of the Dutch and occupied some permanent places of the Bishop of Munster, who was allied with France. But at the beginning of 1673 a strong French relief army under Marshal Turenne came to the aid of the shaky Munster troops. House Nordherringen was occupied and made ready for defense by the French. The Brandenburgers wanted the important bridgehead very important. They attacked the permanent house. The plan had been revealed to the French prematurely. The Brandenburgers suffered a severe defeat. 500 men are said to have died in the assault. Among the dead were the two commanders, Colonel von Osten and Colonel Sergeant von Syberg. After the battle, the Münster Bishop von Galen and Marshal Turenne inspected the fortifications. The crew was increased by 300 men.
It is not known how the lord of the castle at the time behaved during the fighting for his property. As an officer in Munster he was certainly on the French side.
Dietrich Adolf's son of the same name, who witnessed the battle of Nordherringen as a child, chose the warrior trade according to family tradition. As an infantry major, he served for 14 years in the army of the Munster prince-bishops Friedrich Christian von Plettenberg and Franz Arnold von Wolff-Metternich zur Gracht . Under the Cologne prince-bishop Clemens August I of Bavaria , he had the rank of lieutenant colonel.
Actually, his older brother Jobst should have taken over the Nordherring inheritance. But he preferred an inheritance in the Duchy of Jülich. A relative, Stefanie von Raesfeld, Abbess of Bocholtz, had bequeathed the right of inheritance to Castle Kreuzau south of Düren to his father . When the canons of Nideggen did not recognize the donation and declared the fief to have fallen back, Dietrich Adolf occupied the castle. He backed away from the process that was now before him. He gave up the castle again. Only his older son, the imperial major Caspar Jobst, had the means and stamina to enforce his claims in court. In 1701 the castle was awarded to him. A year later he married Isabella von Dunkel in Kreuzau. The Rhenish line of the Torcks founded by him died out in 1883.
Of the four sons of Dietrich Adolf (II), only the second youngest was still alive in 1730. He became a Protestant and married the widow of his brother Dietrich Heidenreich, who died at the age of 26. The marriage resulted in two sons: Friedrich Ludolph, the last lord of the castle in Nordherringen, and Giesbert Wilhelm Ferdinand.
Giesbert stood at the end of a long line of deserving officers. He broke with the family tradition and entered Prussian service. His family was now utterly impoverished. The evangelical poor fund lent him 200 Reichsthaler for equipment. Giesbert therefore issued the following bond in 1778:
After I finally signed so far against it that I decided to move away from Königl. War services are capabel, and I really as Stabs Capitain under the highest level. from Salenmon's battalion, but I needed a sum of money for my equipage, which I don't know how to get now ... (the consistory put out 66 2 ⁄ 3 pieces of Dutch ducats for him).
Giesbert was unmarried. Nothing is known about further details of his life story, especially after the bankruptcy of his father’s parent company.
Bankruptcy 1788: causes
Despite numerous individual cottages and farms and despite a large, indefinite court seed, despite many privileges and privileges, the Nordherringen estate went bankrupt in 1788. One cannot blame his owner for this. Friedrich Ludolph von Torck had contributed no more to the ruin of his estate than his ancestors. He had taken out loans when he was in trouble and sold some of the property when he had no other way out. But as the last link in a long chain of debtors, he carried the burdens of his predecessors, which eventually overwhelmed him financially.
The deeper cause of Torck's bankruptcy was a long-running, growing debt. The occasion was the Seven Years' War with a general economic decline, which was particularly felt by the noble residences. As early as 1626, during the Thirty Years' War, Roger Torck was unable to pay the feudal fees of 32 guilders for his two Deutz fiefdoms, Brand and Pippelbrock, during these difficult times of war that were obligatory for us . In 1686, the widow of Dietrich Adolfs (I.) wrote several times to the Deutz Monastery about the same thing : not out of sacrilege and malice, but out of need , she had not been able to renew the feudal contract. In 1700, Caspar Jobst sought to encumber the Brandhof with 200 Reichsthalers in Deutz. In 1668 part of the Heuland in Herringer Mersch was pledged to the Hülshof for 50 Reichsthaler.
The hereditary lord had to dig deep into his pocket for the trousseau of his sisters and the severance payment for his brothers. In 1699 von Dücker auf Altehoff claimed the Brandhof for a bridal treasure.
Caspar Jobst had to pay dearly for the waiver of his birthright. His brother Dietrich Adolf (II.) Assured him in 1691: lifelong a servant with two horses, free stay in Nordherringen, Leinwald, clothing and play money.
Several Freifäulein von Torck became canons in the noble monasteries Clarenberg (Hörde), Herdecke , Langenhorst and Welver . The hereditary lord paid an admission fee for them, the statute fee. In 1621 the Clarenberg women's monastery demanded 140 species and 47 ordinary thalers from the widow Torck for the admission of her daughter Margarete.
Since the aristocrats had the same financial difficulties, the dowry, which could have put the confused finances in order, often remained on paper. Dietrich Adolf I married Elisabeth Sophia Amalia von Schwansbell zu Oberfelde in 1657. In 1664 he quarreled with Gerhard Friedrich von Melschede before the Imperial Court of Justice in Wetzlar , the highest court in the empire, about goods that Torck had assigned bridal treasure claims because of 2,000 Reichsthalers, but which Melschede had used. Nothing is known about the outcome of the trial. But one can imagine how costly it was to drive a dispute through all the instances to the highest court.
The Werne City Archives are keeping the files of another trial . This time Caspar Torck took on citizens and farmers. In the spring of 1595, the floods inundated the Lippe meadows. Haus Nordherringen could only be reached by boat. When some of Torck's people wanted to cross the “Schwane” and “Voderholl” to the castle on the other side of the Lippe, Stockum farmers and Werner Bürger blocked their way. There was a bloody fight. Torck's servants were captured together with the lord's brother and led to Werne in triumph. Harsh words were spoken : The peasants must collapse and beat Torcke thoet! And where, furthermore, Torck would not abstain from his guder in Munster, the peasants should beat him thoet . Farmer Österschulte had come too late and shouted in disappointment: I should have come over, I wanted to have hit it with him, the Teuffel should have driven through it. Torck demanded that the guilty be punished in vain. The city of Werne covered its citizens and initially demanded bail from the plaintiff. She alleged the main defendant was seriously ill. It is irresponsible to cause one's death by incarceration. Torck wandered to Werne and offered the mayor a deposit, but the mayor rejected his request. No citizen does not dislike another! complained Torck. Because of a formal error, the city of Werne pushed the process to the court of the Archbishop of Cologne. Nothing is known about the outcome of the process this time either.
After the Seven Years' War the Torcks finally went downhill. The castle, which was besieged again in 1758, burned down in 1764. A large-scale new building was out of the question. The house that replaced the one that had burned down showed only too clearly the traces of economic decline. It was much smaller than its predecessor and was demolished again in 1828.
The collapse took place in two stages. In 1777 the Freizapfen Brand am Grünewald and the first Nordherringer Kuhkamp were sold. In 1780 the Mittorp farm was auctioned. It was estimated at 1109 Reichsthaler, but brought in only 780 Reichsthaler.
February 27, 1787: Foreclosure auction
On February 27, 1787, the creditors and the shopper gathered in the inn on Grünewald. Nobody was willing to bid for the entire estate with all its accessories. Kotten and Höfe went into bourgeois hands individually. The wealthy bourgeoisie were the most solvent. The mortgage books name the following new owners: Kupferschläger Stephan Theodor Voß, Justice Commissioner Laar, Henriette Sophia Middendorf from Wassercourl, preacher Caspar Ludwig Klönne from Rhynern, businessman Stüncke and the Protestant church in Herringen.
None of the self-employed peasants were financially strong enough to buy out their court posts. They only changed the landlord. However, since the new owners were not particularly interested in their acquisitions and the farmers achieved modest prosperity in the next few years, many farms and cottages were transferred to free peasant ownership even before the lordship was broken.
The von Kleist family bought the Nordherringen estate with most of the tax-free Hovesaat. She did not reside in Herringen and sold the remaining property in 1798 to the Secret War Council (Council of the War and Domain Chamber in Hamm) Ernst von Reden. His daughter Henriette married Captain von Budritzky.
In relation to the division commission, v. Budritzky could only enforce a quarter of the privileges of the house of Nordherringen in the All Volume. The right to hove was reduced from 200 to 50 sheep in 1821, and pasture control in the undivided heath was rejected.
With 134 acres valued at 1,405 thalers, Reden received more vulgarity for the remnants of Nordherringen in 1832 than any of the other beneficiaries.
The Budritzky family was inherited by the brothers Gottfried and Carl von Werthern from Broel, Soest district. They sell individual plots of land to farmers in Herring, parceled out the large Torcksfeld and on September 28, 1846, left the rest to the landlord Giesbert Brand am Grünewald for 6,145 Thaler. The brothers did not profit from the sale because the estate was (again or still) mortgaged with 6,600 thalers.
Innkeeper Brand sold the house in Nordherringen in 1847 for demolition. Components from the 16th century, presumably from the house, can be found walled in in the Catholic church from 1771/75, the successor to the old castle chapel.
In 1828 the only buildings left were the sheepfold, bridge house, mill and mill house. The Lippe Bridge, attested to in 1810, was broken off. A ferry connected Nordherringen with the Münsterland. The former Torck bridge house became the ferry house. The new owner had the sheepfold demolished, but not the rest of the buildings, which no longer exist. The ferry house disappeared in 1936.
Digs
Even Hofrat Moritz Friedrich Essellen found only ruins of the castle.
When laying a pipeline through the Torcksburg site in 1950, remnants of the foundation wall were found. The find prompted the Hamm Museum to conduct a search excavation that uncovered the foundation walls from various construction periods. In addition to large, medieval bricks, interspersed with rubble stones and hair, Bänfer came across the remains of a coal cellar with remains of coal in the northern part. Construction rubble was only found in small traces. The useful building materials had been thoroughly removed by the population. The Catholic church in Nordherringen is said to have been built from the ruins of the castle. The excavation resulted in a relatively wide rift with a depth of 1 - 1.5 m, a width of up to 17 m and a bottom width of up to 9 m.
The Torcks after the Nordherring bankruptcy
The history of the Torcks after their economic ruin only concerns the properties in the Münsterland, which were not affected by the foreclosure auction. Only the Volmarsteiner, later from the Reckesche fiefdom Schulze-Blasum, fell back to the feudal lord. The Stockumer Höfe Kornote, Middelmann, Hoppe and the Bockumer Hof Holz came to the von Plettenberg-Schwarzenberg siblings through the hand of Baroness Josina Wilhelmine von Torck, daughter of Friedrich Ludolph von Torck .
The former noble house of Adolphsburg , leased from Captain Torck to Ignatz Reimann for three generations in 1788, replaced its liabilities with 216 Thalers from the Plettenberg-Schwarzenberg siblings in 1851.
The recession of division of the Bockum brands Dornheide, Hölterbrede, Lausbach, Nierfeld and Wellingholz granted the Torck heirs the right to graze and thus a common land share. The Plettenberg siblings also claimed pasturage glory in the brands mentioned, grazing fowl and fishing in the Lausbach, which flows around Adolphsburg. How far they got through with their demands is not known.
All of the former Torck serfs and chair free people in the Münsterland replaced their gradients in the first half of the 19th century. The brand shares were sold. A generation after the Nordherring bankruptcy, the last remnants of the former manor of Nordherringen in the southern Münsterland had also disappeared.
Construction of the knight seat in Nordherringen including Hombergs Knap in 1798
In the “Landgericht Hypotekenbuch Hamm Vol. 33 foll. 146-149 (section in the KPH) “is how the knight seat Nordherringen was built in 1798:
A the buildings namely:
1. The house combined with the barn
2. The bridge house
3. The Schaafstalle
4. The grain mill
5. The mill house
B in justice
1. The burial place in the church and in the cemetery in Herringen
2. The seats in the church in Herringen and the chapel in Nordherringen
3. Hunting and fishing in Prussia
4. Pigeon escape
5.
Shepherd in Prussia 6. Freyzapfen
7. Waldemey Justice and Rule on the Reck Camerschen Heide
8. The
ability to state parliament, the right of patronage to Nordherringen and the electoral vote for preacher and sexton in Herringen. C to Pertinentien
1. In the courtyard and garden
a) The courtyard including the bleaching room, all ponds, the mill square and the hollow at the sheepfold.
b) The tree garden next to the mill.
c) The tree garden next to the Lippe, including the fish pond and gardening.
d) The large garden
e) Two small gardens behind the former residential building.
2. Lands
a) The Rollhoff
b) Nineteen Rügen on the south side of the large field
c) Thirty Rügen there on the north side against the path over
3. Pastures and meadows
a) The three spots at the Schaafstall
b) One third of the hoe
c ) The Schlage
d) The little Schäferwiese
e) The Westwiese including the Gasteruhes
f) The Homborgs Knap
4. An Brandholz
a) The little book
b) From the Bruche southwards the numbers 5, 6 and 12
5. An Hohenhötz
The Homborgs Knap south.
Haus Nordherringen in literature
Haus Nordherringen also knew how to inspire writers. This is what it says in 1725 in the Latin volume of poetry Otia Parerga by Hammer Professor Wilhelm Neuhaus in the translation by F. J. Wienstein:
The Lippe glides smoothly along, and on its banks there are
many splendid castles that belong to a noble man.
So also rises up from the green of its banks, wonderfully situated,
This noble seat, which is called Nordherringen.
The castle is owned by the von Torck family, and it is surrounded by
fertile fields and lush pastures.
Autumn brings huge amounts of fruit here:
the gardens produce a lot of vegetables , the kitchen is never in need.
Not far, too, are thick forests, the joy of the avid hunter.
And fish of all kinds live in the river.
The bird feeders and hunters take care of the table.
But the fishermen are never inferior to them.
A bridge of oaks leads over the lip here, which
allows you the way to the Münsterland.
This house is famous for two things that
no other castle can tell about itself.
Here services are still held according to the Roman rite.
And the pastor is entitled to pride fees.
Furthermore, the latest time should still remember
that one day the French banners were blown from the castle.
Our soldiers wanted to hurry away the Frenchman
, but unfortunately the success failed.
Five hundred brave men died for their fatherland,
and the blood turned red from the blood that had been shed.
Today the owner of the castle is still alive, Mr. Dietrich Adolf,
who as Kaneb experienced the terrible battle.
In earlier years he was already devoted to the god of war.
That is why he became a soldier, fought in many a battle.
He has seen many peoples and cities of men.
He traveled far and wide, saw Constantine's city himself.
And the brave were given many honors in the war.
And the nobleman is widely famous now as a hero.
Just as the scholar loves the library, this noble
gentleman still loves his weapons today and likes to devote himself to them.
Every corner of the house is filled with splendid weapons.
But as much as there are, each one knows her master.
Who (like the seven hundred from Gibeah
mastered the sling excellently ) never misses the target with the rifle.
When he sees a pigeon on the towering roofs, he
cuts off its head with a sure shot.
But when worries thwart him, he knows how to drive them away quickly:
He takes up the trumpet and blows a crashing march.
Lord, may God let you live a long time in good health.
And it will give you happiness as you surely hope!
And may he, with happiness, also bless the Son to you,
Who will be your heir, new glory for your house.
See also
literature
- Moritz Friedrich Essellen : Description and brief history of the Hamm district and the individual localities in the same . Hamm 1851 (reprint Hamm 1985), p. 152.
- Diodor Henniges: An island of peace washed away by surging waves. The Franciscan monastery in Hamm (Westphalia). Hamm 1924, p. 32 and p. 62.
- Heinrich Petzmayer: History of the former municipality Herringen. Publisher: Heimatverein Stadtgebiet Herringen e. V. in cooperation with the Hamm City Archives, Hamm 2003.
- Helmut Richtering: Noble seats and manors in the area of the city of Hamm. In: 750 Years of the City of Hamm , Hamm 1976, p. 138.
- Fritz Schumacher, Hartmut Greilich: Bockum-Hövel. From history and local history. Hamm 1956, reprint Hamm 2002.
- 750 years of the city of Hamm . Published by Hebert Zink, Hamm 1976 on behalf of the city of Hamm.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ STAM Kl-M Landstands 250, p. 70.
- ↑ STAM Reg.-Bez. Arnsberg, map series. 1313
- ↑ Especially L. Bänfer with reference to Flume. The house for Mark WZ 86 (1929). See Heimat am Hellweg Calendar 1957, p. 36. In fact, Flume is said not to have made this thesis at all.
- ↑ a b KPH A: 1 (transcripts of registers from the 17th century).
- ↑ HAK Deutz files 33
- ↑ STAM KI – M Landstands 117.
- ^ Deutzer fiefdom register
- ↑ Herringer Geschichte ( Memento of the original from May 24, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
