Hazara virus

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Hazara virus
Systematics
Classification : Viruses
Area : Riboviria
Empire : Orthornavirae
Phylum : Negarnaviricota
Subphylum : Polyploviricotina
Class : Ellioviricetes
Order : Bunyavirales
Family : Nairoviridae
Genre : Orthonairovirus
Type : Hazara orthonairovirus
Subspecies : Hazara virus
Taxonomic characteristics
Genome : (-) ssRNA segmented
Baltimore : Group 5
Symmetry : helical
Cover : available
Scientific name
Hazara orthonairovirus
Short name
HAZV
Left
NCBI  Taxonomy: 11596
ICTV Taxon History: 201850073

In 1954, Hazara virus (species scientifically : Hazara orthonairovirus ) was discovered as one of the tick-borne viruses of the genus Orthonairovirus in the order Bunyavirales . It was found in Pakistan in ticks of the species Ixodes , which are native to this region. A distinction is made in this species in addition to the original Hazara virus (en. Hazara virus, HAZV) and the Tofla virus ( English Tofla virus , TFLV). Today this virus is being studied in mice in order to develop therapies for the highly pathogenic Crimean-Congo fever virus .

construction

The viruses belong to the enveloped negative-stranded RNA viruses ; their genome is divided into three parts: small ( English small , S), medium ( English middle , M) and large ( English large , L). The L-RNA segment codes for an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (L-protein), the M-RNA segment for two surface glycoproteins (Gc and Gn) and the S-RNA segment for a nucleocapsid protein (N). The three genomic RNA segments are encapsulated by copies of the N-protein in the form of ribonucleoprotein complexes (RNP complexes). The N-protein is the most abundant viral protein in the virus particles of the bunyavirales and infected cells and is therefore the main target in many serological and molecular diagnoses.

Crimean Congo Fever Virus

The Crimean Congo Fever Virus ( Crimean Congo Haemorrhagic Fever Virus , CCHFV), formerly traded as the closest relative of HAZV, belongs to the species Crimean Congo Haemorrhagic Fever Orthonairovirus of the same genus.

Systematics

The division into different species follows the ICTV Master Species List (MSL) # 33 from November 2018 (extracts):

  • Genus Orthonairovirus
  • Hazara virus (en. Hazara virus, HAZV)
  • Tofla virus (en. Tofla virus, TFLV)
  • Species Nairobi sheep disease ornithonairovirus (en. Nairobi sheep disease orthonairovirus )
  • Nairobi sheep disease virus (NSDV, including Ganjam virus)

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ ICTV Master Species List 2018b.v2 . MSL # 34, March 2019
  2. ↑ a b ICTV: ICTV Taxonomy history: Akabane orthobunyavirus , EC 51, Berlin, Germany, July 2019; Email ratification March 2020 (MSL # 35)
  3. ^ F. Begum, CL Wisseman Jr., J. Casals: Tick-borne viruses of the West Pakistan: II. Hazara virus , a new agent isolated from Ixodes redikorzevi ticks from the Kaghan Valley, W. Pakistan12 . In: American Journal of Epidemiology . 92, No. 3, 1970, pp. 192-194. doi : 10.1093 / oxfordjournals.aje.a121197 .
  4. ↑ a b O. Flusin, S. Vigne, CN Peyrefitte, M. Bouloy, J.-M. Crance, F. Iseni: Inhibition of Hazara nairovirus replication by small interfering RNAs and their combination with ribavirin . In: Virology Journal . 8, No. 1, 2011, p. 249. doi : 10.1186 / 1743-422X-8-249 . PMID 21600011 . PMC 3120786 (free full text).
  5. ↑ NCBI: Tofla virus
  6. ↑ SD Dowall, S. Findlay-Wilson, E. Rayner, G. Pearson, J. Pickersgill, A. Rule, N. Merredew, H. Smith, J. Chamberlain, R. Hewson: Hazara virus infection is lethal for adult type I interferon receptor-knockout mice and may act as a surrogate for infection with the human-pathogenic Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus . In: Journal of General Virology . 93, No. 3, 2011, pp. 560-564. doi : 10.1099 / vir.0.038455-0 . PMID 22090213 .
  7. Jump up ↑ Mary B. Crabtree, Rosemary Sang, Barry R. Miller: Kupe Virus, a New Virus in the Family, Genus, Kenya . In: Emerging Infectious Diseases . 15, No. 2, 2009, pp. 147-154. doi : 10.3201 / eid1502.080851 .
  8. ^ S. Morikawa, M. Saijo, I. Kurane: Recent progress in molecular biology of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever . In: Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases . 30, No. 5-6, 2007, pp. 375-389. doi : 10.1016 / j.cimid.2007.07.001 . PMID 17692916 .
  9. ↑ R. Surtees, A. Ariza, EK Punch, CH Trinh, SD Dowall, R. Hewson, JA Hiscox, JN Barr, TA Edwards: The crystal structure of the Hazara virus nucleocapsid protein . In: BMC Structural Biology . 15, 2015, p. 24. doi : 10.1186 / s12900-015-0051-3 . PMID 26715309 . PMC 4696240 (free full text).
  10. ^ S. Bilk, C. Schulze, M. Fischer, M. Beer, A. Hlinak, B. Hoffmann: Organ distribution of Schmallenberg virus RNA in malformed newborns . In: Veterinary Microbiology . 159, No. 1-2, 2012, pp. 236-238. doi : 10.1016 / j.vetmic.2012.03.035 . PMID 22516190 .
  11. ^ E. Bréard, E. Lara, L. Comtet, C. Viarouge, V. Doceul, A. Desprat, D. Vitour, N. Pozzi, AB Cay: Validation of a Commercially Available Indirect Elisa Using a Nucleocapside Recombinant Protein for Detection of Schmallenberg Virus Antibodies . In: PLoS ONE . 8, No. 1, 2013, p. E53446. bibcode : 2013PLoSO ... 853446B . doi : 10.1371 / journal.pone.0053446 . PMID 23335964 . PMC 3546048 (free full text).

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