Hedgerow vetch

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Hedgerow vetch
Hedgerow vetch (Vicia dumetorum)

Hedgerow vetch ( Vicia dumetorum )

Systematics
Order : Fabales (Fabales)
Family : Legumes (Fabaceae)
Subfamily : Butterflies (Faboideae)
Tribe : Fabeae
Genre : Sweet peas ( Vicia )
Type : Hedgerow vetch
Scientific name
Vicia dumetorum
L.

The hedgerow vetch ( Vicia dumetorum ) is a species of the genus Vicia in the subfamily of the butterflies (Faboideae). It is widespread in Eurasia .

description

Stipule
blossom
Herbarium evidence
Hedgehog vetch ( Vicia dumetorum ) in the illustration on the right

Appearance and leaf

The hedge vetch grows as a perennial herbaceous plant . It forms a long, round, very branched basic axis. The 1 to 1.5 meter long, climbing stem is 2 to 4 millimeters thick, has sharp, square to narrow wings, and like the whole plant is fresh green in color and fairly bare.

The pinnate leaves are 10 to 15 cm long, all with branched, strong tendrils and have three to five pairs of alternate, short - but clearly - petiolate leaflets . The leaflets are egg-shaped to elliptical or almost rhombic, more or less 2 to 4 cm long and about half as wide, rounded and short-pointed, usually with entire margins, rarely slightly toothed, dark green on top, pale green on the underside and have eight to 14 pairs straight through a fine network of connected lateral nerves. They are bald or hairy (on the edge). The stipules are about 1 cm long, crescent-shaped, and have five to seven awned teeth separated by wide bays.

Inflorescence and flower

The inflorescences are half to twice as long as the leaves, standing upright, one-sided, loose, four- to eight-flowered and have very weak bracts. The flower stalk is 2 to 3 millimeters long.

The flowering period extends from June to August. The hermaphrodite flowers are zygomorphic at a height of about 1.5 centimeters and five-fold with a double flower envelope . The calyx is bell-shaped, more or less two-lipped, with short, triangular, whitish-edged calyx teeth. The crown is about three times as long as the calyx, cloudy purple-red, very rarely yellowish or whitish, turning brownish as it fades. The flag has a long nail and a somewhat shorter, obovate to inverted heart-shaped, red-violet veined plate . The wings are a little shorter, narrow and blunt. The shuttle is greenish-white, with an upwardly curved, more or less purple tip.

Fruit and seeds

The legumes are nodding or protruding, clearly stalked in the calyx, gradually narrowing on both sides, about 4 to 5 cm long, 8 to 10 millimeters wide, flat, coarse-walled, reticulate, ripe leather-brown and contain three to eight seeds.

With a diameter of 5 to 6 millimeters, the seeds are almost spherical, long, dull dark brown or purple-brown in color.

Chromosome number

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 12 or 14.

ecology

The flowers are visited by bees and bumblebees. Honey bees steal nectar by pushing the petals apart.

The seeds can be thrown away by rolling up the fruit flaps, but they usually stay in the legumes for a very long time.

Occurrence

The hedgerow vetch is widespread in Central and Eastern Europe as far as France , the Balkans , Italy , southern Scandinavia , Russia and western Siberia . Vicia dumetorum is a temperate continental floral element .

The hedgerow vetch occurs in central Europe and is not common there. In the Harz , in the Rhön , on the Bergstrasse , in the French-Franconian Muschelkalkgebiet , in the Franconian , Swabian and Swiss Jura as well as in the foothills of the Alps and in the Northern and Southern Limestone Alps , it is rare, but it is also absent here in some areas. It occurs sporadically in the valleys of the Central Alps . It is rare in Upper and Lower Austria .

The hedgerow vetch is only somewhat more widespread in the middle and south of Germany, but it occurs sparsely; in Bavaria the hedgerow vetch is only common in the western part; practically absent in the other areas.

The hedgerow vetch populates light, not too dry forests in Central Europe, especially ravine forests, light floodplain bushes, light deciduous trees and hedges. In Central Europe it does not rise above the montane altitude level, even in the mountains . In Central Europe it is a character species of the Vicietum sylvatico-dumetorum from the Trifolion medii association.

The hedge vetch thrives best on nutrient-rich , lime and humus-containing , stony, loose loam or clay soils .

literature

  • Gustav Hegi, H. Gams, H. Marzell: Illustrated flora of Central Europe. Pteridophyta, Spermatophyta . 2nd Edition. Volume IV. Part 3: Angiospermae: Dicotyledones 2 (5) (Leguminosae - Tropaeolaceae) . Carl Hanser and Paul Parey, Munich and Berlin / Hamburg 1964, ISBN 3-489-70020-1 (unchanged reprint from 1923-1924 with addendum).
  • Konrad von Weihe (ed.): Illustrated flora. Germany and neighboring areas. Vascular cryptogams and flowering plants . Founded by August Garcke. 23rd edition. Paul Parey, Berlin / Hamburg 1972, ISBN 3-489-68034-0 .
  • Oskar Sebald, Siegmund Seybold, Georg Philippi (Hrsg.): The fern and flowering plants of Baden-Württemberg . 2nd expanded edition. tape 2 : Special part (Spermatophyta, subclass Dilleniidae): Hypericaceae to Primulaceae . Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1993, ISBN 3-8001-3323-7 .
  • Wolfgang Adler, Karl Oswald, Raimund Fischer: Excursion flora of Austria . Ed .: Manfred A. Fischer. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart / Vienna 1994, ISBN 3-8001-3461-6 .
  • Christian Heitz: School and excursion flora for Switzerland. Taking into account the border areas. Identification book for wild growing vascular plants . Founded by August Binz. 18th completely revised and expanded edition. Schwabe & Co., Basel 1986, ISBN 3-7965-0832-4 .
  • Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora . With the collaboration of Theo Müller. 6th, revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1990, ISBN 3-8001-3454-3 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Vicia dumetorum L., Hecken-Wicke. In: FloraWeb.de.
  2. ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . 8th edition. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 . Page 610.
  3. ↑ a b c d Dietmar Aichele, Heinz-Werner Schwegler: The flowering plants of Central Europe . 2nd Edition. tape 2 : Yew family to butterfly family . Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-440-08048-X .

Web links

Commons : Hedgehog vetch ( Vicia dumetorum )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files