Heerstrasse Brandenburg – Magdeburg
The military route from Brandenburg an der Havel to Magdeburg was an important main and trade route from the Middle Ages to modern times . It connected Magdeburg with the Mark Brandenburg as one of two important routes . The trade routes led from the west via Brandenburg on to the cities of Spandau and Berlin to, for example, Königsberg or vice versa.
course
The trunk road began at the Steintor , the most important city gate of the new town of Brandenburg . In addition to the traffic route to Magdeburg, the long-distance trade routes to Belzig and Wittenberg and to Zerbst also began at this gate . The Heerstraße initially led in a south-westerly direction over the wooden stone gate bridge and two other bridges over smaller trenches and about a kilometer outside the settlement past the urban gallows . Such high courts were built in the Middle Ages and modern times, generally clearly visible on main roads and outside the towns. After about one and a half kilometers, the important trade route to Belzig and Wittenberg branched off first, and after another three kilometers the one to Zerbst branched off from Heerstrasse in a southerly direction. At the junction to Zerbst there was a first inn, a so-called Krug, in the place of which the village of Wilhelmsdorf was later founded. Between the two branching trade routes there was a bridge on Heerstrasse over the river Plane .
South of the Breitlingsee and the Mösersche See the Heerstraße led through the Neustadtische Heide , an extensive urban forest area. In the forest the Buckau , a second smaller river, was bridged. North of Mahlenziens there was a second jug in the street. The first villages passed were Viesen and Rogäsen on the edge of the Karower Platte and the Fiener Bruch . About 500 meters west of Rogasen, the military road, which had previously led in a westerly direction, turned sharply south into the Fiener Bruch, an extensive ice age wetland that was not yet drained at that time. The Rivendell was passed on an approximately one and a half kilometer long heaped dam , the Fiener Dam . To the south of the quarry, the road curved in a south-westerly direction, passed the slightly raised and above dry Bücknitzer Heide .
An important town along the route was Ziesar . In 1688 it was noted on the route as a customs place and there was a post office . Other places on the way to Magdeburg were Schopsdorf , Magdeburgerforth , which owes its name to the Heerstraße and where there was a ford over the Gloine , Drewitz , where there was a gallows and a jug, Glienicke a little south of the street, Hohenziatz , Tryppehna and Ziepel , a village with a pitcher. Nedlitz , about ten kilometers east of Magdeburg, was a second customs place on the route in 1688. There was another gallows between Nedlitz and the village of Wahlitz . At the transition over the Ehle , at the Klusbrücke, there was another jug. From there the road led on a heaped embankment, the Klusdamm, past the village of Pechau and finally over the Elbe to the city of Magdeburg.
history
During the Slav period up to the High Middle Ages, the main traffic to and from the locations of Dom Brandenburg and Altstadt Brandenburg north of the Havel via Plaue roughly along today's federal highway 1 . However, there was also a southern connection from Plaue via the Ziesar trading center . After the establishment of the new town of Brandenburg and the Lehnin monastery south of the Havel at the end of the 12th century and the rise of Ziesar as a bishop's residence, a large part of the traffic shifted to the traffic route, which would later be the Heerstraße. This was also due to the fact that the Havel bridge near Plaue was repeatedly destroyed.
In 1229 an army of Magdeburg-Archbishopric used the road for a campaign against the Mark Brandenburg. At the level of the plan crossing, the army defeated the Brandenburgers under the margraves Johann I and Otto III. In the Neustadtische Heide is the thieves ' ground , which is said to have served as a hiding place for the robber Habakuk Schmauch , who attacked traders on Heerstraße from there in the 15th century . On June 21 and 22, 1412, Friedrich I , the previous burgrave of Nuremberg and subsequently first Prince of the Mark from the House of Hohenzollern , moved as the new elector over the Heerstraße to Brandenburg. In his honor, or in honor of this event, the Hohenzollernstein , a memorial, was erected in 1905 about the height of the then Krug north of Mahlenziens in the Neustädter Heide . In 1433, the elector Otto III. a ban on wagons. These should take the northern route via Plaue. The route via Ziesar was only allowed for traffic in the direction of Anhalt or Saxony . Nevertheless, Heerstrasse did not lose its importance. At the end of the 15th century, the Brandenburg bishop , whose residence was Ziesar Castle , had the Fiener Damm renewed, for which he collected an embankment fee, a road toll .
In 1501, Heerstrasse appeared as the only east-west connection between the cities of Brandenburg and Magdeburg on the map of Lantstrasse through the Roman Empire by the cartographer Erhard Etzlaub . In a map from 1688, which showed the "two ways from Brandenburg to Magdeburg", the Heerstraße was described as the "ordinary" connection. In the 18th century, the Heerstraße was part of the Große Klevischer Cours , an important postal route from Berlin to Kleve on the Lower Rhine .
In the 19th century, the northern trunk road via Plaue, Genthin and Burg near Magdeburg was expanded into a Chaussee , whereupon the connection via Ziesar lost its importance. For example, three sections of the old Heerstraße are sections of state roads in the 21st century . These are the sections from the bypass road in Brandenburg to Wilhelmsdorf (L 93), from Rogäsen via Fiener Damm (L 96) and from the Ziesar bypass to Drewitz (L 93 / L 52). Other sections are municipal and district roads or abandoned field and forest paths. In the Neustädtische Heide in the city of Brandenburg, the official street name of the section from Wilhelmsdorf to an intersection at which roads lead to the districts of Mahlenzien and Kirchmöser is still Magdeburger Heerstraße. Another former section between Drewitz and Hohenziatz is called Alte Poststraße.
Individual evidence
- ^ A b S. Children, HT Porada (ed.): Brandenburg an der Havel and surroundings. 2006, pp. 44 to 45 and 281 to 283. ISBN 978-3-412-09103-3
- ↑ Habakkuk Schmauch . Accessed January 4, 2015.
- ↑ Information board The Hohenzollernstein
Coordinates: 52 ° 20 ′ 18.6 ″ N , 12 ° 26 ′ 19.2 ″ E