Heinrich Göseken
Heinrich Göseken d. Ä. (* April 13, 1612 in Hanover ; † November 24, July 4 / December 4, 1681 greg. In Kullamaa , Estonia ) was a German theologian and linguist active in Estonia.
Life
Heinrich Göseken was born the son of Buchard Göseken and his wife, Catharina Bohse. His father was Oldermann of the Hanover merchants' guild.
Heinrich Göseken attended school in Hildesheim from 1624 to 1627 , then the grammar schools in Lemgo (1627–1629) and Lippstadt (1629–1631). From 1631 to 1634 he studied at the University of Rostock and in 1636/37 at the University of Königsberg .
From 1634 to 1636 he worked as a private tutor for the Swedish court pastor Johan Rothlöben . In 1637 he arrived in Tallinn ( Reval ). There he met the superintendent of Estonia , Nils Gaza , and the rector of the Tallinn grammar school, Heinrich Vulpius the Elder. Ä. know. He must have learned the Estonian language quickly .
After his time in the Estonian capital Göseken was pastor in the parishes of Kirbla ( Kirrefer , 1638), Harju-Madise (1639–1641) and Kullamaa ( Goldenbeck , 1641–1681). He was appointed provost of Läänemaa ( Wiek ) in 1647 and was assessor at the royal consistory in Tallinn from 1659.
Heinrich Göseken probably died of the rampant plague . An epitaph in St. John's Church in Kullamaa from 1681 reminds of him to this day .
Estonian language
The most important work of Göseken is his handbook of the (north) Estonian language. It appeared in 1660 under the title Manuductio ad Linguam Oesthonicam (" Guide to the Estonian Language"). Göseken is explicitly based on the earlier grammars of the Estonian language by Heinrich Stahl († 1657) and Johann Gutslaff († 1657). In addition to an Estonian grammar, the work contains an extensive German-Estonian dictionary with around 9,000 entries. This also includes etymological information. It is mainly based on the dialect of Kullamaa and the surrounding area. Göseken also has 67 Estonian proverbs, 25 idioms and two riddles .
Göseken also wrote occasional poems in Latin, German and Estonian. He translated numerous hymns and prayers into Estonian. The manuscript of a translation of the New Testament into Estonian, on which he worked with Johann Gutslaff, has been lost.
In 1656 the New Estonian Hymnal was published . About half of the rhymed songs it contains, a total of 127, come from Göseken's translation. For a long time it remained the standard hymn book of the Protestant communities in Estonia.
Works
- Manuductio ad Linguam Oesthonicam, citation to the Öhstnischen language, consisting not only in several praeceptis and observationibus, but also in interpreting many German words. The Estonian language lovers communicated by HENRICO GÖSEKENIO, Hannovera-Brunsvigo, the Christian community to Goldenberg in the Wyck Pastore, the surrounding country churches Praeposito, and the Königl. Consistorij zu Reval ordinario Assessore., Reval : Adolph Simon, 1660 ( digitized version ); Reprinted in 1977
- New Estonian hymnal, in which the church chants Sel. Hn. Lutheri and other godly men in whom ordinary melodious and similar rhymes are written. In order to receive the congregation of God in Ehstland, it was probably made and handed over for printing by a number of pastors in the same country. Reval, Printed by Adolph Simon, Gymn. Buchd. 1656.
Private life
Heinrich Göseken was married three times. In Stockholm he married Dorothea Siegel, the daughter of the influential Tallinn businessman Martin Siegel and widow of Johann Weideling (1603-1635), who had been an associate professor at the University of Tartu ( Dorpat ). Göseken had seven children with her. After Dorothea's death in 1650, he married Magdalena von Howen († 1672). She was the daughter of the Swedish Rittmeister Heinrich von Howen , who owned goods in Lümanda and Finland , among other things . Three daughters were born from the marriage. Göseken's third wife was Judith von Berg, the daughter of a wealthy Baltic German landlord.
Most of his descendants were Göseken's son from his first marriage, Heinrich Göseken the Elder. J. (1645-1705), known. From 1672 he was pastor of the Protestant parish of Mihkli ( Sankt Michaelis ). From 1682 Heinrich Gösekens the Elder worked. J. on improving the Estonian translation of the New Testament.
literature
- Cornelius Hasselblatt : History of Estonian Literature. Berlin, New York 2006 ( ISBN 3-11-018025-1 ), pp. 122, 130, 141, 143f.
- General encyclopedia of writers and scholars of the provinces of Livonia, Esthland and Courland . Edited by Johann Friedrich von Recke and Karl Eduard Napiersky . Volume 2. Mitau : Steffenhagen and son 1829, pp. 75–77
- Carola L. Gottzmann , Petra Hörner: Lexicon of the German-language literature of the Baltic States and St. Petersburg . De Gruyter, Berlin 2007, ISBN 978-3-11-019338-1 , p. 479-481 .
Web links
- Baltic Historical Commission (ed.): Entry on Heinrich Göseken. In: BBLD - Baltic Biographical Lexicon digital
- Bio-bibliographical information (EEVA)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Archived copy ( Memento of the original from July 4, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ http://www.kullamaa.ee/?go=Kirik
- ↑ http://www.utlib.ee/ekollekt/eeva/index.php?lang=et&do=autor&aid=35
- ↑ Eesti Elulood. Tallinn: Eesti Entsüklopeediakirjastus 2000 (= Eesti Entsüklopeedia 14) ISBN 9985-70-064-3 , p. 74
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Göseken, Heinrich |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Göseken, Heinrich (the elder) |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | German-Baltic theologian and linguist |
| DATE OF BIRTH | April 13, 1612 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Hanover |
| DATE OF DEATH | 4th December 1681 |
| Place of death | Kullamaa |