Heinrich Scholz (logician)

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Heinrich Scholz at the Mathematical Research Institute Oberwolfach

Heinrich Scholz (born December 17, 1884 in Berlin , † December 30, 1956 in Münster, Westphalia ) was a German logician, philosopher and Protestant theologian.

life and work

The son of the clergyman Hermann Scholz studied philosophy and theology in Berlin and Erlangen and obtained his Lic. Theol. 1909. He was a student of Adolf von Harnack , in philosophy from Alois Riehl and Friedrich Paulsen . In 1910, Scholz completed his habilitation in the subjects of religious philosophy and systematic theology in Berlin. In 1913, in Erlangen, he passed Richard Falckenberg 's examination for a doctorate. phil. with the work Schleiermacher and Goethe. A contribution to the history of the German spirit .

He was appointed to succeed Rudolf Otto in Breslau , where he taught philosophy of religion and systematic theology as a full professor from 1917 . In the same year he married his fiancée Elisabeth von Orth. He was released from military service due to a stomach ailment that lasted 8 years. In 1919 he underwent an operation in which a large part of his stomach was probably removed. In the same year he accepted a call to Kiel for a chair in philosophy. From October 1928 he taught in Münster, first as a professor of philosophy. There he made friends with Karl Barth , who had been teaching Protestant theology in Münster since 1925. Influenced by the conversations with Scholz, Barth wrote his book “fides quaerens intellectum” in 1930/31 on the proof of God by Anselm of Canterbury .

After breaking off his logic studies in favor of theology in his youth, he did not begin again until 1924, fascinated by Bertrand Russell and Alfred North Whitehead's Principia Mathematica , to study mathematics and theoretical physics. Scholz became a mathematical logician.

In the 1930s he maintained contact with Alan Turing, who later wrote - in a letter to his home on February 22, 1937 - about the inclusion of his article "On Computable Numbers, with an Application to the Decision Problem":

“I have had two letters asking for reprints, one from Braithwaite at King's and one from a professor [sic] in Germany ... They seemed very much interested in the paper. I think possibly it is making a certain amount of impression. I was disappointed by its reception here. I expected Weyl who had done some work connected quite closely with it some years ago at least to have made a few remarks about it. "

At the Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster he created the first focus on mathematical logic and basic research, which has a very strong influence on today's theoretical computer science . This endeavor went down in university history as the "School of Münster". His full professorship was rededicated in 1936 to a teaching position for mathematical logic and basic research and in 1943 to the first chair in Germany for mathematical logic and basic research . The Münster chair is still considered one of the best in Germany today. Scholz retired in 1952. During the Second World War he protected the Polish logician Jan Łukasiewicz from Warsaw with financial help and made sure he moved to Münster.

Scholz was considered a Platonist, and in this sense he viewed mathematical logic as the foundation of knowledge. He is considered to be the discoverer of Gottlob Frege's estate . It was through him that Frege's writings became accessible to a large group.

At the end of the 2000s, Achim Clausing found two original prints of Alan Turing's most important publications , which had been lost since 1945, in Scholz's estate in the cellar of the Institute for Computer Science at the Westphalian Wilhelms University in Münster . This is the work “On Computable Numbers With an Application to the Decision Problem” from 1937, which Scholz requested with a postcard from Turing that same year. On the basis of this work, according to Clausing's statement, Scholz held “the world's first seminar on computer science”. The second work dates from 1950 and is a treatise on the development of artificial intelligence, which Turing provided with a handwritten comment: "This is probably my last copy". At Sotheby’s , comparable prints by Turing that did not have a dedication were auctioned for 180,000 euros.

Scholz's grave is in the Eichhof park cemetery in Kiel.

Fonts (selection)

  • Christianity and Science in Schleiermacher's Doctrine of Faith. 1909.
  • Faith and Unbelief in World History. A comment on Augustine de civitate dei. 1911.
  • Schleiermacher and Goethe. A contribution to the history of the German spirit. 1913, dissertation.
  • Idealism as the bearer of the idea of ​​war. Friedrich Andreas Perthes, Gotha 1915. Perthes' writings on the world war. Volume 3.
  • Politics and morals. An investigation into the moral character of modern realpolitik. Friedrich Andreas Perthes, Gotha 1915. Perthes' writings on the world war. Volume 6.
  • The war and Christianity. Friedrich Andreas Perthes, Gotha 1915. Perthes' writings on the world war. Volume 7.
  • The essence of the German mind. Grote'sche Verlagbuchhandlung, Berlin 1917.
  • The idea of ​​immortality as a philosophical problem. 1920.
  • Philosophy of religion. Reuther & Reichard, Berlin, 1921; 2nd, revised edition, 1922.
  • To the 'fall of the west'. An argument with Oswald Spengler. Reuther & Reichard, Berlin; 2. rework. and additional ed., 1921.
  • The religious philosophy of the as-if. A review of Kant and idealistic positivism. 1921.
  • The meaning of the Hegelian philosophy for the philosophical thinking of the present. Reuther & Reichard, Berlin 1921.
  • The legacy of the Kantian theory of space and time. 1924.
  • The basics of Greek mathematics. 1928 with Helmut Hasse .
  • Eros and Caritas. Platonic love and love in the sense of Christianity. 1929.
  • History of logic. Junker and Dünnhaupt, Berlin 1931 (1959 with an outline of the history of logic near Alber, Freiburg im Breisgau)
  • Goethe's position on the question of immortality. 1934.
  • The new logistic logic and science. In: Researches and Advances. Volume 11, 1935.
  • The classic and the modern logic. In: Leaves for German Philosophy. Volume 10, 1937, pp. 254-281.
  • Fragments of a Platonist. Staufen, Cologne undated (1940).
  • Metaphysics as a strict science. Staufen, Cologne 1941.
  • A new form of basic research. Research and Progress No. 35/36 Year 1941, p. 382 ff.
  • Logic, grammar, metaphysics. In: Archive for Philosophy. Volume 1, 1947, pp. 39-80.
  • Encounter with Nietzsche. Furche, Tübingen 1948.
  • Basic features of mathematical logic. Berlin, Göttingen 1961 with Gisbert Hasenjaeger .
  • Mathesis universalis. Treatises on philosophy as a strict science. Edited by Hans Hermes , Friedrich Kambartel and Joachim Ritter , Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, Darmstadt 1961.
Essays
  • Spruce and Napoleon. In: Prussian year books. Vol. 152, 1913, pp. 1-12.
  • The religious philosophy of the as-if. In: Annals of Philosophy. Volume 1, 1919, pp. 27-113
  • The religious philosophy of the as-if. In: Annals of Philosophy. 3rd volume, H. 1 1923, pp. 1-73
  • Why didn't the Greeks build up the irrational numbers? In: Kant studies. Volume 3, 1928, pp. 35-72.
  • Augustine and Descartes. In: Leaves for German Philosophy. Volume 5, 1932, Issue 4, pp. 405-423.
  • The idea of ​​God in mathematics. In: Leaves for German Philosophy. Volume 8, 1934/35, pp. 318-338.
  • Leibniz and basic mathematical research . In: German Mathematicians Association (ed.): Annual report of the German Mathematicians Association . tape 52 . Teubner, 1942, ISSN  0012-0456 , p. 217-244 ( uni-goettingen.de ).
  • Logic, grammar, metaphysics. In: Archive for Legal and Social Philosophy. Volume 36, 1943/44, pp. 393-433.

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Typed Postcard, Heinrich Scholz. Feb. 11, 1937. The Turing Digital Archive, accessed January 23, 2019 .
  2. ↑ a b Typed Postcard, Heinrich Scholz. Mar 5, 1937. The Turing Digital Archive, accessed January 23, 2019 .
  3. ^ A b Alan Turing: On Computable Numbers, with an Application to the Decision Problem . In: Proceedings of the London Mathematical Society . 2nd series. tape 42 , 1937, pp. 230–265 , doi : 10.1112 / plms / s2-42.1.230 (English).
  4. ↑ Systems of Logic Based on Ordinals (1938), including excerpts from Turing's correspondence, 1936-1938 . In: Copeland, B. Jack (Ed.): The Essential Turing: Seminal Writings in Computing, Logic, Philosophy, Artificial Intelligence, and Artificial Life: Plus the Secrets of Enigma . Clarendon Press, Oxford 2004, ISBN 978-0-19-825079-1 , pp. 131 (English).
  5. ↑ Hans-Christoph Schmidt am Busch and Kai F. Wehmeier : 'It is the only trace that I leave behind': documents on the history of the origins of the Institute for Mathematical Logic and Basic Research. In: H.-C. Schmidt am Busch, KF Wehmeier (Ed.): Heinrich Scholz: Logician, philosopher, theologian. mentis Verlag, Paderborn 2005, pp. 93-101.
  6. ^ Hans Christoph Schmidt am Busch, Kai F. Wehmeier: On the relations between Heinrich Scholz and Jan Łukasiewicz. In: History and Philosophy of Logic. Volume 28, 2007, pp. 67-81
  7. ↑ Kai F. Wehmeier, Hans-Christoph Schmidt am Busch : In search of Frege's estate. In: G. Gabriel, U. Dathe (Ed.): Gottlob Frege: Work and Effect. mentis Verlag, Paderborn 2000, pp. 267-281.
  8. ↑ a b c d e Westfälische Nachrichten : In the footsteps of a pioneer: Original prints by computer scientist Alan Turing are in the Münster University Library. Westphalia, Münster, Elmar Ries, January 28, 2013.
personal data
SURNAME Scholz, Heinrich
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German Protestant theologian, mathematician and philosopher
DATE OF BIRTH December 17, 1884
PLACE OF BIRTH Berlin
DATE OF DEATH December 30, 1956
Place of death Muenster