Eichhof Park Cemetery

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Main entrance in Eichhofstrasse
General plan

The Eichhof park cemetery , located in Kronshagen on the outskirts of Kiel , is the largest cemetery and park cemetery in Schleswig-Holstein at 39 hectares . He belongs to the Altholstein parish of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Northern Germany . In 2003, the entire cemetery was entered in the Schleswig-Holstein register of monuments.

History of origin

The explosive increase in Kiel's population (1860: 17,500, 1918: 243,000) also caused a strong increase in the need for burial places. The occupancy of the south cemetery , opened in 1869, increased so much in the years 1895–1896 that one looked for a new cemetery site. The decision was made in favor of the Eichhof estate owned by the hereditary tenant Carl Mordhorst. A competition was announced for the design of the basic plan, in which, according to a contemporary source, the design by the Cologne garden technician Paetz received the first prize, endowed with 1,000 marks. (Two sources published more than 100 years later attribute the design to other people. According to the cemetery guide from 2000, the design by Cologne garden architect Hermann Cordes received first prize and was designated for execution. According to a third source from 2003, the Plans come from the garden technician Egon Petzke.) The first construction phase was laid out from 1898 and inaugurated on July 5, 1900. The state of development envisaged in the draft was achieved after two extensions in the years 1910–1912 and 1913–1919. In two subsequent expansions in 1928–1930 and 1938–1939 (fields 39 and 50–61), the rectangular layout deviated from the previous park-like landscape.

The crematorium was decided in 1912 and put into operation in 1916. It was considered the first in what was then the Prussian province of Schleswig-Holstein . This changed in 1937 with the entry into force of the Greater Hamburg Act with which the previously Free Hanseatic City of Lübeck was incorporated into the province. A test cremation took place in his state crematorium in the Vorwerker Friedhof as early as 1910 on the anniversary of the birthday of the hero emperor .

Cemetery chapel and burial chapels

chapel

The cemetery chapel by the architect Wilhelm Voigt (1857–1916), which was handed over for use on December 21, 1900, was a splendid neo-Gothic building at the southern end of the transverse axis. On January 5, 1944, the chapel burned down after being hit by a bomb, it was rebuilt in a simplified way from 1950 and served as a place of worship for the Christ Church Kronshagen from 1951 to 1961. In the interior hangs a triumphal cross from the 16th century, which is said to come from the Heiligengeist Church in Kiel and which was stored in the attic of the Nikolaikirche until it was hung in the chapel (1906 or 1907) .

The Milberg mausoleum (29) was built in 1902 as a neo-Romanesque central building; the architect was Wilhelm Voigt. The Esmarch grave chapel (27), a simple brick building with a domed copper roof, was designed by Voigt and built in 1909. After its completion, Esmarch's coffin was moved here from the Milberg mausoleum, where it had been located in the meantime. The neoclassical mausoleum of the Martius family (6) was planned and built in the years 1915-1919 by the Munich sculptor Adolf von Hildebrand (1847-1921).

Martius burial chapel in the Eichhof park cemetery

Tombs

Gravestones in the St. Jürgen cemetery

The St. Jürgen Friedhof (southeast of the Ringstrasse / Sophienblatt intersection at Kiel Central Station ) was actively used from around 1800 to the end of 1909. By 1954 the cemetery fell into disrepair and was to give way to the expansion of the Sophienblatt and a large car park. The bones were reburied. On the forecourt of the cemetery chapel of the Eichhof park cemetery there is a collective resting place for them, which was inaugurated on June 12, 1955. 64 grave monuments and grave slabs, which are under monument protection, were also given a new place there.

The bones of the Danish writer Jens Immanuel Baggesen (1764–1826) and the philosopher Carl Leonhard Reinhold (1757–1823) were also transferred with the joint tomb of the two friends. They were buried again in the Eichhof cemetery on June 23, 1955 during the Kiel Week. The tomb of the composer Carl Loewe (1796–1869) is also on the traditional St. Jürgen site in the Eichhof park cemetery, but his bones were brought to the Nikolaikirche. On the traditional site there are tombs for the following other people:

The "Iron Cross", tomb for fallen soldiers of the Schleswig-Holstein army in 1848/51, was not transferred to the Eichhof cemetery, but to the north cemetery .

Particularly artistically designed tombs

The tomb Georg Dorn (25) with the figure of the grieving Germania was designed by Heinrich Missfeldt (1872-1945) towards the end of the First World War . Gertrud Schröder (1897–1977) made a stele in the style of Expressionism in 1932 for the grave of her parents (44).

Victim of political unrest 1918–1920

Victims of the Kiel sailors' uprising of 1918, the Spartacus uprising of 1919 and the Kapp Putsch of 1920 are buried in the so-called resting place of the victims of the revolution (44) . The later Reich Minister of Justice Gustav Radbruch gave the funeral oration for 25 victims of the Kapp Putsch in the cemetery on March 24, 1920. The five victims from 1918 and 1919 were buried in communal graves before they were reburied in the memorial in early summer 1920. Today's design goes back to a design by the Worpswede garden architect Leberecht Migge from 1924. The higher grave complex is separated from the assembly area in front of it by terracing.

Victims from the time of National Socialism

Memorial stone for 172 Soviet citizens

In the south-western part of the cemetery there is a memorial for the 2835 victims of the more than 90 air raids on Kiel during World War II , including many foreign slave laborers.

In the neighborhood there has been a memorial since 1954 for 172 Soviet citizens who died between 1941 and 1945 in Nazi captivity (61).

In field 59 lies the grave of the Polish cyclist Konstanty Wollboldt (1904–1945), who took part in the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin . From 1939 to 1945 he was interned in the Sachsenhausen and Neuengamme concentration camps and died in October 1945 as a result of his imprisonment in Kiel.

From November 1944 to April 1945, 358 prisoners from the Nordmark labor education camp were also buried in mass graves in the cemetery. A resident of the cemetery testified in an affidavit on July 20, 1945:

“At 7:00 am on April 26th, I was standing at my room window, I had binoculars. I saw two horse-drawn carts coming to Section 49 laden with dead bodies. They were neither in coffins nor in sacks, they were simply covered by a tarpaulin. All of these corpses were thrown into a large grave by SS men. "

After 1960, the dead from the mass grave in field 49 were exhumed by foreign grave commissions and the Schleswig-Holstein Ministry of the Interior, identified as far as possible and transferred to their home countries. The memorial stone for Polish victims buried there on the eastern tip of the field was then erected in the cemetery of honor for the dead of the Cap Arcona and Thielbek catastrophe in Haffkrug .

Flora and fauna

Banded horse chestnut ( Aesculus hippocastanum var. 'Monstrosa'), leafless. A mutation that was discovered in the park cemetery in 1933.
Japanese cherry blossom in the Eichhof park cemetery
Red Japanese maple ( Acer palmatum 'Atropurpureum')

More than 430 different trees grow in the park cemetery. The first cemetery inspector Emil Feldmann (1865–1954, buried in field 28), who horticulturalized the cemetery until 1930, is responsible for numerous dendrological features that are still preserved today . An alpine plant near the pond in the west (46) has meanwhile been overgrown.

Notable trees include a Japanese zelkove ( Zelkova serrata , 28), a Chinese collared poplar ( Populus lasiocarpa , 34) and a rose hip pear ( X Sorbopyrus auricularis , 21). 1933 to an older horse chestnut by Hermann Jacobsen (1898-1978 buried in box 30), the technical head of the botanical garden discovered the University of Kiel, a verbänderter, gnarled growing branch. It was cut off and grafted onto a normally growing horse chestnut seedling. A descendant of the grafted mother plant can be seen in the Kiel Botanical Garden; the banded horse chestnut ( Aesculus hippocastanum 'Monstrosa') is now also sold as a "monster chestnut" in the plant trade.

From 1987 to 1998 there was a Bible garden in the cemetery , which was created as part of a job creation measure with the support of the Botanical Garden of the University of Kiel. After the expiry of the measure, however, the maintenance of the garden proved to be too time-consuming.

The cemetery is home to around 80 species of songbirds. The brown hare can also be seen in the cemetery.

Others

At the entrance to Kopperpahler Allee there was a half-timbered keeper's house until 2004 , which has since been located on the premises of the Kiel racing and riding club.

Graves of famous people

The numbers in brackets indicate the number of the grave field (see the general plan on the web links).

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Paetz: Establishment of a cemetery on the Eichhofe in Kiel: Explanatory report on the drafts that were awarded the 1st prize of 1,000 Mk . In: Zeitschrift für Gartenbau und Gartenkunst 63, 1897, p. 273, ZDB -ID 514906-x .
  2. ↑ Gerd Stolz, Little Guide to the Kiel Park Cemetery Eichhof , p. 13.
  3. ↑ a b c State Office for Monument Preservation Schleswig-Holstein: Garden Monument Preservation in Schleswig-Holstein: Eichhof Kronshagen Cemetery , 2003 (PDF; 324 kB).
  4. ↑ Kiel crematorium
  5. ↑ Weekly Chronicle. In: Vaterstädtische Blätter , year 1910, No. 13, edition of March 27, 1910, p. 52.
  6. ↑ Gerd Stolz, Little Guide to the Kiel Park Cemetery Eichhof , p. 20 ff.
  7. ↑ Report of the State Office for Monument Preservation Schleswig-Holstein for the years 2004 and 2005 , p. 26  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. .@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.schleswig-holstein.de  
  8. ↑ Gerd Stolz, Little Guide to the Kiel Park Cemetery Eichhof , p. 67.
  9. ↑ a b c Kiel city archive: The St. Jürgen cemetery . ( Memento of the original from October 9, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.kiel.de
  10. ↑ Manfred Jessen-Klingenberg : "Jens Baggesen: A Danish poet as a professor in Kiel". In: Werner Paravicini (Hrsg.): Encounters with Kiel: Gift of the Christian-Albrechts-University for the 750th anniversary of the city . Neumünster: Wachholtz 1992, pp. 373–376, ISBN 3-529-02722-7 .
  11. ↑ Erich Hoffmann: "At the Eichhoffriedhof: The tomb of Nikolaus Falck". In: Werner Paravicini (Hrsg.): Encounters with Kiel: Gift of the Christian-Albrechts-University for the 750th anniversary of the city . Neumünster: Wachholtz 1992, pp. 370–372, ISBN 3-529-02722-7 .
  12. ↑ Christa Geckeler: Kiel Memorial Day: July 5, 1900. In: Kiel.de .
  13. ↑ Kiel City Archives: Information board at the memorial
  14. ↑ Gerd Stolz, Little Guide to the Kiel Park Cemetery Eichhof , p. 86.
  15. ↑ Gerd Stolz, Little Guide to the Kiel Park Cemetery Eichhof , p. 85.
  16. ↑ Working group for research on National Socialism in Schleswig-Holstein e. V. (AKENS) .
  17. ↑ Network Bible Gardens: Forum ( Memento of the original from October 5, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / bibelgarten.info
  18. ↑ Workshop and care center for the physically disabled gGmbH
  19. ^ "How Kronshagen lost a gem", Kieler Nachrichten, August 27, 2004

literature

  • Regine Bigga, Eckhard Colmorgen, Uwe Danker, Irene Dittrich: Cemetery as a source of historical work. The Eichhof in Kiel / Kronshagen. In: Democratic History 6, 1991, pp. 259-318, ISSN  0932-1632 . ( Online ; PDF; 9.0 MB).
  • Juan E. Condori Larraguibel: The Eichhof cemetery in Kiel. A park cemetery from the early 20th century and its development after World War II . Master's thesis at the University of Kiel, Kiel 2000.
  • Uwe Danker, Irene Dittrich: buried - displaced - forgotten. Nazi victims in the Eichhof / Kiel cemetery . Neuer Malik-Verlag, Kiel 1992, ISBN 3-89029-926-1 .
  • Georg Dehio : Handbook of the German art monuments . Hamburg, Schleswig-Holstein . 3rd revised and updated edition, Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich 2009, ISBN 978-3-422-03120-3 , p. 446.
  • Eva von Engelberg-Dočkal: Culture Map Schleswig-Holstein. Discover culture a thousand times. , 2nd edition, Wachholtz-Verlag, Neumünster 2005, ISBN 3-5290-8006-3 .
  • Fritz Glasau, Hermann Jacobsen: Arboretum Friedhof Eichhof Kiel . Clausen, Kiel 1950.
  • Gisela Greve, Frank Karbaum, Andreas Kautzsch, Renate Kienle: “Unrelenting, unstoppable, all-powerful the time is coming” - 100 years of Eichhof cemetery in Kronshagen. In: DenkMal! 7, 2000, pp. 49-56, ISSN  0946-4549
  • Gerd Stolz: A little guide to the Eichhof park cemetery in Kiel. On the occasion of the 100th anniversary of the opening of the cemetery on July 5, 2000 . Evangelical Lutheran Church District, Kiel 2000.
  • Johannes Rosenplänter: On the origin of the 'resting place of the victims of the revolution' in the Eichhof cemetery in Kiel 1918-1924. A work by the landscape architect Leberecht Migge . In: Rolf Fischer (Ed.): Revolution and Revolutionsforschung - Contributions from the Kiel Initiative Group 1918/19 (= special publications of the Society for Kiel City History Volume 67). Ludwig Verlag, Kiel 2011, ISBN 978-3-86935-059-2 .

Web links

Commons : Parkfriedhof Eichhof  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Coordinates: 54 ° 20 ′ 6 ″  N , 10 ° 5 ′ 41 ″  E