heater
A heating , depending on the size and design type ( loading ) heating ( ungs ) device or unit being , alternatively, heating device , Generating Sets , - source or - plant called, is a component , a device or a technical system , the / the serves to supply thermal energy (useful heat) to an object .
The useful heat is either generated in the heating system (through conversion from another form of energy , for example chemical or electrical energy, or from ambient or waste heat ) or only transferred (transported).
In colloquial terms, “heating” usually means a building heating system . In addition to buildings, completely different types of objects can also be considered as heated objects. Many different types of heating are distinguished according to different criteria.
Types of heating
Heaters can be divided into types according to various criteria:
According to the type of heated object
A distinction is made, for example, according to the type of heated object:
- Buildings : building heating (with various subspecies)
- Clothing and furniture : textile heating system , heating pads , bed warmers , seat heating , ...
- Vehicles and machines : vehicle heating , heated grips , heated rear window , ...
- Food (preparation and consumption): Cooking and heating devices
- Industrial products in the production process : process heat # generation
- Sports facilities: underfloor heating , stadium heating , ...
- Traffic routes and systems: street heating , point heating , ...
By type of primary energy / energy carrier
The type of primary energy or energy source , for example, distinguished:
- Electrical energy : electrical heating ( electrical heat )
-
Fuels ( heating fuels ):
- Coal : coal heating
- Gas : gas heating
- Wood : wood heating
- Oil : oil heating
- Fuel cell : fuel cell heating devices
- Natural ambient heat:
- Solar heat : solar heating
- Geothermal energy : geothermal heating (often as heat pump heating )
- Ambient air: air heat pump heating
- Nuclear energy / radioactivity : radionuclide heating element , ...
- Waste heat
According to the type of heat carrier
Depending on the type of heat transfer medium for heat transport, a distinction is made, for example:
- Water (liquid): hot water heating
- Water (vaporous): steam heating
- Air: warm air heating
- Thermal oil : thermal oil heating
According to the type of heat transfer
Depending on the type of heat transfer to the object to be heated, a distinction is made, for example:
- Thermal radiation : radiant heating
- Convection : convection heating
- Thermal conduction : contact heating
After system build
A distinction is made, for example, according to system structure and location relative to the object to be heated:
- External heating: The heating is located outside the object to be heated or surrounds it, e.g. B. Industrial furnace
- Central heating : Heat is generated centrally and distributed to several consumers within a building.
- District heating : (District heating) heat for several properties is generated externally and fed to the consumers.
- Internal / integrated heating: The heating is located in the object to be heated, e.g. B. as a heating element
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Ernst-Rudolf Schramek (Ed.): Pocket book for heating + air conditioning 07/08 . Oldenbourg Industrieverlag, 2007, ISBN 978-3-8356-3104-5 .
- ↑ Types and systems of heating. Baunetz Wissen Gebäudetechnik, accessed on December 16, 2013 .
- ↑ Christoph Schmid: Heating, ventilation, electricity: energy technology in buildings . vdf Hochschulverlag, 2013, ISBN 3-7281-3491-0 .
- ^ Peter Steinberg et al .: Thermal management of the motor vehicle . Ed .: Ulrich Brill, House of Technology. in 6 volumes. Expert, 2008.
- ↑ Egon Müller, Jörg Engelmann, Thomas Löffler, Strauch Jörg: Planning and operating energy-efficient factories . Springer, 2009, ISBN 3-540-89643-0 .
- ↑ Markus Palic: Electrical heating and heating technology . Expert-Verlag, 1992, ISBN 3-8169-0641-9 .