Kraftwerk Mitte (Dresden)
| Central heating plant since 2016: Central power plant |
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| Coordinates | 51 ° 3 '10 " N , 13 ° 43' 22" E | ||
| country | Germany | ||
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| fuel | Brown coal | ||
| operator | Stadtwerke Dresden | ||
| Start of operations | 1895, remodeling and expansion 1926–1928 |
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| Shutdown | 1994 | ||
The power plant Mitte (actually and during its operation last: Heizkraftwerk Mitte ) in Dresden was a fossil -fired combined heat and power plant that existed since 1895 and was shut down in 1994 after 99 years. In 2016, a complete renovation of the main building and the demolition of the ancillary buildings was completed and the area opened on December 16, 2016 as Kraftwerk Mitte (in the logo with a line break between Kraftwerk and Mitte ) as a cultural site , especially for operettas, musicals and theater performances.
The KraftWerk - Dresden Energy Museum was set up on the site in a former workshop building , and the Kraftwerk Mitte music club is also located here.
The area between Wettiner Platz and Könneritzstrasse in the Wilsdruffer suburb of Dresden's old town has served various energy generation systems since 1838. Therefore, buildings from different eras can be found on the site, which from an architectural point of view represent “a cross-section through the development of architecture from historicism to objectivity ”. The remaining buildings on the power plant area are now registered cultural monuments . Regardless of this, the striking boiler house was demolished in 2006; however, the development of the area is not yet complete (as of 2018).
history
Urban energy supply from the 19th century
From 1838 the old town gas works were built on the 39,000 square meter area , which until 1873 carried the main load of Dresden's gas supply. The villa on Wettiner Platz dates from this time , at that time the administration building and apartment for the director of the gas works, today the oldest building on the site. After more than 50 years, the Old Town gasworks ceased operations in 1895. Instead, the light factory was inaugurated on the site , which generated electrical energy from lignite with the help of two steam dynamo machines and thus enabled the lighting and, from 1899, the supply of electricity to the Dresden trams. In 1900 the Electricity West Power Plant was added, for which the name West Power Plant was later established . Structurally, the West Power Plant was a "mirror-image counterpart" of the Light Plant . Both buildings are in the style of historicism .
Power plant expansions and renovations in the 20th century
In 1926–1928, Paul Wolf , head of the municipal building department, together with Rühle, Fischer and Mittmann had the light plant and the West power plant combined and expanded to form the central heating power plant . The power plant was connected to the national grid via a 110 kV overhead line, whereby the Niederwartha pumped storage plant could be used to store the energy. There was also a connection to the Dresden-Süd substation, which already had line connections to Bavaria and to the Hirschfelde and Trattendorf power plants .
The original building was rebuilt and received a guy tower with an open gallery and a new boiler house . This tower was a clinkered steel frame structure , whereby its four chimneys should evoke "associations with steamships ". In contrast to the Lichtwerk and Westkraftwerk, the boiler house style is part of the New Objectivity . After one of the steam generators was shut down, one of the two middle chimneys was dismantled in the mid-1980s.
With the end of the GDR , this was transferred to the Treuhand administration. Thus the responsibility changed.
The city of Dresden, which founded Drewag Stadtwerke Dresden GmbH as a municipal supplier in 1997 , also transferred the power plant to this company as part of this re-establishment. At the same time as the power station was closed, plans arose to use the site for cultural purposes, which all those involved outside of the cultural scene were critical of because such an object cannot be economically operated with a cultural use; it is therefore permanently dependent on subsidies from the public purse.
New uses in the 21st century
In the period from 1998 to 2011, cultural events repeatedly took place on the site of the former power plant, such as the Titanic film ball by artist Holger John in 1998, or the traveling exhibition of the Chinese Terracotta Army , which was a guest here in 2010.
In 2002, Drewag Stadtwerke Dresden GmbH opened an exhibition on power generation in the former coal shed of the Licht-Werk , but only one month later the floods of 2002 devastated the rooms and exhibits; In 2006, the KraftWerk municipal energy museum reopened in the same premises. The exhibition has been expanded to include the history of water, gas and district heating generation.
In 2005, the then Lord Mayor Ingolf Roßberg discussed this heating power plant as a joint cultural location for the Dresden State Operetta in Dresden-Leuben and the Theater Junge Generation (TJG), but this was rejected due to the budgetary situation at the time. The architect Walter Kaplan repeated this idea in 2008 and gave it the project name Kultour-Park Dresden . A total investment volume of 140 million euros was planned for this, including the construction of a shopping park. In May 2008, the Dresden City Council spoke out in favor of relocating the State Operetta to the former Mitte power station.
In December 2009 a concept for a Center for Art Dresden (ZKD) was presented on behalf of the Neuen Sächsischer Kunstverein eV and the Künstlerbund Dresden , which envisaged the expansion into an interdisciplinary cultural center with the establishment of the State Operetta and the Theater Junge Generation. Should this not be possible, a new building on Wiener Platz was proposed as an alternative for the operetta .
In June 2010 the Dresden city council officially decided to locate the state operetta on the former power plant site. In addition to the operetta theater, the Young Generation Theater should also find its new venue here - in compliance with fire protection regulations , which has been located in a temporarily reconstructed war-torn building on the outskirts since its opening in 1949. Initially rejected for cost reasons, the idea was then approved by the city council.
The decision was, however, subject to a cost comparison of the different locations that was commissioned at the same time, which meant that a new operetta building on Wiener Platz would be cheaper. Regardless of this, the community of interests (IG) Kraftwerk Mitte was founded in July 2010 to enforce a settlement of the State Operetta (which also played a post-war provisional facility in the Leuben district - a converted inn) and the Young Generation Theater, while companies from the creative and cultural industries were also settled pursued. The IG called for the former power station to be expanded into a cluster for creative industries, culture and art.
Contrary to its previous opinion, the city council passed the resolution on October 28, 2010 with 36 to 34 votes to relocate both venues in the former power station Mitte with an investment of around 100 million euros. On December 25, 2010, the Kraftwerk Mitte club opened in the building complex of the former traction power plant , where artists such as Paul van Dyk , DJ Antoine and Markus Gardeweg performed.
Reconstruction in accordance with historical monuments 2011–2016 as a cultural location and new uses
In 2013 the Stuttgart construction company Ed. Züblin commissioned to adapt the old factory inside to the new requirements, while preserving the facade in accordance with the monument. Furthermore, the construction company was to build a number of new venues on the site. This included the new building of the operetta with 700 seats, the theater Junge Generation with 350 seats and the renovation of the former machine hall by installing the puppet stage and the studio theater with 125 seats each. The foundation stone was laid on July 8, 2014.
The renovation began with the former light factory , into which the Carl Maria von Weber Academy of Music Dresden moved in with its rehearsal rooms in March 2014 . This was followed in May 2016 by the T1 bistro and café , which was housed in the gatehouse of the former power station. In September 2016, the music school of the Heinrich Schütz Conservatory in Dresden also moved into quarters in the complex of the light factory . The Saxon location of the Heinrich Böll Foundation for political education for adults has since been located in the former transformer hall .
The handover of the first new venues took place in October 2016. The inauguration of the cultural site as Kraftwerk Mitte (the term Kulturkraftwerk has already been copyrighted elsewhere) in the main factory was carried out by the Lord Mayor of Dresden Dirk Hilbert and the Saxon State Minister of the Interior Markus Ulbig on December 16, 2016.
Architecture and new uses
STESAD GmbH had won the architect Jörg Friedrich for the drafts and planning and appointed the project manager Florian H. Brandenburg to coordinate all the necessary work. The historic machine shop was gutted, the 65- tons - Cranes of Schmalkaldenener company Zobel, Neubert & Co. , however, remained on the ceiling. The room layout was "reorganized", an auditorium for the State Operetta with 700 seats was added to the machine hall. Overall, architects and city planners describe the cultural power plant as a "successful assembly of old factory, remnants of brick walls, heavy foundation plinths with new stage technology and gray exposed concrete ."
In addition to the State Operetta, the following facilities are housed here:
- Big stage of the tjg - Theater Junge Generation (350 seats)
- Small stage of the tjg - Theater Junge Generation (125 seats)
- Tjg studio stage - Young Generation Theater (125 seats)
- Eh Lichtwerk: used by Drewag, the Heinrich Schütz Conservatory and the “Carl Maria von Weber” University of Music
The structures also preserved on the site of the power plant now serve the following facilities:
- Eh Coal shed: Drewag Energy Museum
- Eh Stromwerk: Event location / discotheque Kraftwerk Mitte
- Eh Transformer hall: Heinrich Böll Foundation Dresden
- Eh Gate: Bistro & Café T1
- Eh Heating center: coworking space for the creative industry and restaurant "Neue Sachlichkeit"
- Eh Heat transfer station: Kunsthalle, planned as a coworking space for the creative industries from September 2017
- Eh Residential building for employees (corner building on Ehrlichstrasse): Seat of the directorship and administration of the theater
- Eh Social building from 1895 (warehouse): Restaurant "Kulturwirtschaft" and arthouse cinema "Zentralkino" with 2 halls
Refurbishment and planning are still pending for the following buildings: (As of February 2017)
- villa
- Eh Switchgear
- Eh Reactance
To complete the new cultural location, a house of cultures and encounters as well as a restaurant are to be built. Other start-up companies and art studios are with low rents for the settlement lured be.
marketing and advertisement
A tram operated by the Dresden public transport company was pasted as an advertising space for the Kraftwerk Mitte cultural center. Since 2018 it has been traveling on various lines in the city of Dresden.
Web links
- Kraftwerk-Mitte-Dresden.de
- Kraftwerk Mitte in Dresden: Once smoke, soon operetta. taz , August 9, 2016
swell
- Gilbert Lupfer, Bernhard Sterra and Martin Wörner (eds.): Architecture guide Dresden. Dietrich Reimer Verlag, Berlin 1997, ISBN 3-496-01179-3 , object no. 43 (Former Kraftwerk Mitte, Wettiner Platz, Könneritzstrasse, 1894–1895, 1900, 1926–1928).
- Wettiner Platz thermal power station (Westkraftwerk). Das-neue-Dresden.de
- Power plant in the center of Dresden. Website of the Kraftwerk Mitte
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f Bernhard Honnigfort: Old town with a new center. In: Berliner Zeitung , December 16, 2016, p. 21.
- ↑ Kraftwerk-Club.de
- ^ Holger John: Events. Holger-John.de, accessed on February 16, 2017.
- ↑ The Terracotta Army: Previous Stations. Traveling exhibition website, accessed February 16, 2017.
- ^ A cultural power plant for Dresden in FAZ of September 20, 2013, p. 43.
- ↑ Michael Bartsch: A success that now has many fathers and mothers - Das Kraftwerk Mitte with state operetta and tjg. is open , DNN No. 295 of December 19, 2016, p. 7.
- ↑ Kulturkraftwerk Mitte (accessed December 19, 2016)
- ↑ Dresden finally has really cool cultural locations again (accessed on December 19, 2016)
- ↑ Lichtwerk, Kraftwerk Mitte. Retrieved February 16, 2017.
- ^ Coal shed, power station in the middle. Retrieved February 16, 2017.
- ^ Stromwerk, Kraftwerk Mitte. Retrieved February 16, 2017.
- ^ Trafohalle, Kraftwerk Mitte. Retrieved February 16, 2017.
- ↑ Porte, Kraftwerk Mitte. Retrieved February 16, 2017.
- ↑ Central heating plant, power plant center. Retrieved February 16, 2017.
- ↑ Heat transfer station of the heating center, power station Mitte. Retrieved February 16, 2017.
- ↑ Residential building, power station Mitte. Retrieved February 16, 2017.
- ↑ Villa, Central Power Plant. Retrieved February 16, 2017.
- ↑ Switchgear, Central Power Plant. Retrieved February 16, 2017.
- ↑ Reaktanz, Kraftwerk Mitte. Retrieved February 16, 2017.