Stallion (ramparts)

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Stallion (ramparts)
The saddle on the stallion: View of the wall from the south in a northerly direction, 2015

The saddle on the stallion: View of the wall from the south in a northerly direction, 2015

Alternative name (s): Saddle, saddle on the stallion
Creation time : Bronze Age (possibly up to the Stone Age)
Castle type : Hilltop castle
Conservation status: Wall remains
Geographical location 54 ° 31 '36 "  N , 13 ° 40' 18.8"  E Coordinates: 54 ° 31 '36 "  N , 13 ° 40' 18.8"  E
Stallion (Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania)
stallion

The stallion is a hill fort on the Jasmund peninsula in the Stubnitz in the northeast of the island of Rügen .

Location and description

Between the so-called pirate gorge and the deeply cut mouth of the Lenzer Bach, the stallion jumps out of the cliff as a white chalk back . The upper surface of this protrusion is enclosed over a length of 90 meters by a 5-6 meter high wall, which is popularly called the saddle. Due to its characteristic appearance, the ledge is also known as the "saddle on the stallion" . In terms of shape, the stallion is similar to the fortification of Arkona . As with the temple castle Arkona, it can be assumed that over the centuries large parts of the former wall inner surface have fallen victim to the continual demolition of the coast. In the west, almost in the middle, there is an incision in the wall, which seems to represent the original access to the interior. In the north and east of the wall there are large pits that could represent the remains of a filled wall. From the opening of the wall, a low rampart with a moat to the west leads down north to the Lenzer Bach. Two further entrances are located at the northern and southern ends of the wall, through which the riverside path used to lead to the stump chamber . Due to new bank breaks on the south side, the path now runs west around the facility at the foot of the wall.

history

Saddle on the stallion, 1868

Grümbke as well Haas , seen in the plant, a fixed waiting (castrum speculatorium), were from which the surrounding waters observed. Due to the mentioned similarities to the temple castle on Arkona, Lisch im Hengst assumes the old Wendish temple site of the Slav god Pizamar mentioned in the Knytlinga saga . The fragments and bones found on the stallion in 1868 suggest a date back to the Stone Age based on their condition . Compared to numerous other Wendish finds, however, the mentioned sherds can also be assigned to the Slavic era. According to current knowledge, archaeological investigations in 1941 found ceramics with typical decorative patterns of the Neolithic , fragments of double-conical vessels from the younger Bronze Age and fragments of a bowl with a recessed bottom from the pre- Roman Iron Age .

The origin of the name is unclear, however, Haas suspected due to similar visual traditions a relationship with the on Mönchgut located North and Südperd (Perd = horse ), as well as a former on the northern tip of Heligoland hard rock named " Stallion " . Schmidt refers to the legendary Hengest (or Hengist), a person from the old English Beowulf epic and later leader of the Anglo-Saxons , who moved to Britain in the middle of the 5th century, about the origin of the name "stallion" .

Based on the dating of the finds analyzed on the Schlossberg (Werder) and the stallion, but also the numerous monuments in the form of mound and large stone graves in this area of ​​the Stubnitz , a settlement chamber that was formerly present in the Bronze Age is suspected according to current opinion . The Schlossberg (Werder) am Steinbach , like the stallion on the Lenzer Bach, sealed off two entrances to the northwestern, 1.5 km² large plateau of Colzow and Broiken in strategically suitable positions . Both positions can thus give an indication of the seaborne dangers of that time coming across the Baltic Sea. Similar to the castle wall near Ralswiek , a strong settlement concentration recurring over epochs can be seen in the said area.

and display information about the image
Schlossberg at the forester's lodge Werder and saddle on the stallion in the Stubnitz; Schlossberg (I), Hengst (II), table sheet 1920 - 1: 25000

Popular tradition

To the south, between the stallion and the blower, lies a wide, gently sheltered bank gorge, which is popularly known as "the pirate gorge". Here should Störtebeker once lived. The Lenzer Bach flowing north of the Hengst is said to have been navigable back then, so that the pirate ships did not have to anchor outside on the open beach.

  • View from the wall in a southerly direction to the edge of the rupture bank, where the former riverside path led into the wall, but has now crashed, 2015

  • View from the stallion southeast over the Prorer Wiek to Granitz , 2015

  • View south of the central main exit of the wall from the north, 2015

  • View of the wall from the north in a southerly direction, 2015

  • View from the broken bank edge south of the wall onto the eponymous chalk relief of the saddle on the stallion, 2015

literature

  • Nils Petzholdt: Rügen's pre-Slavic castle complexes In: Pomerania. Journal of Culture and History. Issue 1/2016, ISSN  0032-4167 , pp. 4–13. or Nils Petzholdt: Rügen's vorwendische Wehranlagen In: Stralsund booklets for history, culture and everyday life, Stralsund 2016, ISBN 978-3958720398 , pp. 97-107.

Web links

Commons : Hengst (Wallanlage)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Rudolf Baier : The ramparts of the island of Rügen according to the investigations undertaken on the orders of Sr. Majesty the King in the summer of 1868, in Baltic Studies AF 24, Stettin 1872, pp. 285–286
  2. ^ A b c Alfred Hass : Contributions to the knowledge of the ruegen castle walls, in: Baltic Studies NF 14, Stettin 1910, pp. 46–47
  3. ↑ a b c Markus Sommer-Scheffler: The oldest castles on Rügen - "The Schlossberg" and "The stallion" near Sassnitz, district of Rügen, in: Archäologische Entdeckungen in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Schwerin 2009, p. 86 (shortened) or The Schlossberg near Sassnitz: The oldest castle on Rügen ( https://bodendenkmal.wordpress.com/2012/06/19/220/ ), ed. by Markus Sommer-Scheffler, written 19 Jun 2012, accessed on 01 Jun 2015
  4. ^ Johann Jacob Grümbke : New and precise geographical-statistical-historical representations of the island and the principality, Rügen 1819, Volume 2, p. 217
  5. ↑ Gustaf Kombst, Valdemar's and Knud's wars against Rügen and Pomerania, translated from the Knytlinga Saga, and annotated and a map, in Baltic Studies AF 1, Stettin 1832, p. 59
  6. ^ Wilhelm Petzsch : Rügen's castle walls and the Slavic culture of the island, Bergen auf Rügen 1927, p. 83
  7. ↑ Alfred Hass , Rügensche Sagen und Märchen, 3rd edition, Stettin 1903, No. 196, p. 174
  8. ↑ Felix and Therese Dahn , Germanische Götter- und Heldensagen, Wiesbaden 2004, pp. 313-315
  9. ↑ Thomas Honegger, Hengest and Finn, Horsa. in: Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde, Volume 14, Berlin 1999, pp. 386–390
  10. ↑ Ingrid Schmidt, Götter, Mythen und Customs from the island of Rügen, Rostock 1997, p. 24
  11. ^ Alfred Haas , castle walls and barrows of the island of Rügen in the folk tale, Stettin 1925, p. 21