Herbert morning

Paul Herbert Morgen (born July 25, 1901 in Wiesbaden , † 1996 ) was a German agricultural sociologist . As a close associate of the agricultural scientist Konrad Meyer , Morgen worked during the Second World War on the settlement planning for the "integrated eastern areas" (partial planning of the General Plan East ). After 1945 he taught at the teacher training college in Wilhelmshaven . He transferred central theorems of Nazi agricultural research into the early West German farmer and expellee sociology and was involved in the university reform . Morgen served as President of the Academy for Spatial Research and Regional Planning (ARL) in Hanover from 1966 to 1970 .

Live and act

Before 1945

Morgen studied agriculture , economics and education at the universities of Giessen , Göttingen and Berlin . As a student in Giessen he belonged to the student fraternity Agronomia Giessen, in Göttingen to the Agronomia Gottingensis . He completed his studies as a qualified farmer and was born in Göttingen in June 1932 with the work The fruit production and the fruit sales in the Rheingau district and in the city of Wiesbaden. A contribution to agricultural market theory with Wilhelm Seedorf is doing his doctorate . After working as an assistant at the University of Giessen and the Directorate assistant and specialist teachers at the Teaching and Research Center for Horticulture in Weihenstephan he went to Berlin to the Institute of Agricultural Engineering and Agricultural Policy at the University of Berlin, where he is at Konrad Meyer in agricultural policy habilitation and down 1941 taught as a lecturer.

Herbert Morgen also made two contributions to the collective work “ Landvolk im Werden. Material on rural development in the new eastern areas and on the organization of village life ”(Berlin: Deutsche Landbuchhandlung 1941). The members of this collective of authors (including Walter Christaller , Artur von Machui , Herbert Frank, Friedrich Kann , Ludwig Wilhelm Ries , Joseph Otto Plassmann , Heinz Hamann, Georg Blohm , Josef Umlauf ) worked i. d. Usually either in the staff main office of the Reich Commissioner for the Consolidation of German Volkstum (Office VI - Planning and Land or Office IV - Agriculture), at Konrad Meyer's Institute for Agriculture and Agricultural Policy or in other agricultural science institutes.

Morgen was managing director of the “Research Service” of the Reich Working Group on Agricultural Science , which coordinated seven Reich Working Groups on Agricultural Sciences . In this function he prepared social analyzes for the adjustment of social structures in the so-called Altreich . From 1942 to 1945, as head of the department “Land Management and Rural Sociology” of the institute, he worked on a study “Basic creation for the creation of a new national order based on the principle of consolidating German nationality in the settlement areas of the Reich”. Morgen was not directly involved in the SS Planning Staff of the Reich Commissariat for the Consolidation of German Ethnicity , which Meyer headed in Berlin. However, he worked as a freelancer for the Reich Commissioner with the "Research Service" on the same subject areas and on the preparation of the general plans, without wanting to specify the Reich Commissioner as an office. Tomorrow is one of the institute's employees, alongside Walter Christaller and Angelika Sievers , who worked out the General Plan East .

In 1939, Morgen also made trips to occupied Poland , where he conducted inventories of the formerly Russian circles. In his “travel sketches” he expressed himself anti-Polish and anti-Semitic . He described the Jewish population as "a completely degenerate, inferior part of human society". As early as 1934 he formulated in his article on Gustav Ruhland :

“Ruhland was consciously in opposition to Judaism. Like every good German, he was 'völkisch', so instinctively anti-Semite. "

In his study “Building blocks for rural people and land order” (1943) , which summarized morning work for the RKF, he dispensed with anti-Semitic stereotypes. The sociologist Carsten Klingemann describes Morgen's research approach as “decidedly sociological”. Far from any blood-and-soil romance, tomorrow made practical planning proposals for the future agricultural and social structure and was one of the authors of the General Plan East. According to Hansjörg Gutberger, morning work on the Altreich cannot be separated from planning for the East. By advocating an “applied sociology” that focused on the category of social space in its interdependence with society, space and economy, Morgen continued to develop empirical research on agricultural and agricultural sociology, theoretically, conceptually and methodologically.

After 1945

After 1945, Morgen first moved to Oker in the Harz region . In 1947 he became a member of the Academy for Spatial Research and Regional Planning. In the race and settlement main office of the SS in Nuremberg , he testified as a witness in the defense of Konrad Meyer, who was accused there. He maintained an idealistic, peaceful and above all innovative character of Meyer's science, many of whose research results are of lasting value.

Morgen was one of the founding members of the Bonn Research Society for Agricultural Policy and Agricultural Sociology and joined the Göttingen Agricultural Social Society . In terms of content, he was now based on the positions of the Meyer opponents Constantin von Dietze and Heinrich Niehaus . In 1948 he became professor for agricultural economics and rural sociology at the pedagogical college for agricultural teachers in Wilhelmshaven and later also its director. In 1951 he joined the executive committee of the German Academy for Urban Development . From 1966 to 1970 he was President of the Academy for Spatial Research and Regional Planning (ARL) in Hanover.

further participation in the ARL:

• Member or chairman of the Scientific Council (1966–1974; 1966–1970)
• Member of Section I: Planning Processes and Research Methods
• Member of Section II: Sectoral and Integrating Aspects and Instruments
• University working group for spatial research and regional planning Wilhelmshaven
• Head of the Research Committee on Space and Agriculture (1960–1965)
• Member of the regional educational planning research committee
• Member of the working group guiding principles for the development of rural areas
• Member of the state working group Hesse / Rhineland-Palatinate / Saarland
• Member of the Scientific Plenary Session (1965)
• Founding member of the support group for space and the environment (1989)

Honors

Professor Niklas Medal in Silver (1986)

Fonts (incomplete)

• The fruit production and the fruit sales in the Rheingau district and in the city of Wiesbaden. A contribution to agricultural market theory . Göttingen 1932.
• and Martin Kühner (ed.): Plowing hand, researching spirit. Life pictures of memorable pioneers and leaders of the nutritional status. Parey, Berlin 1934.
• Soil estimation and farm size classes . In: spatial research and spatial planning. RuR, 3rd volume, 1939, 6, pp. 318-320.
• The natural yield factors - soil, climate and terrain design - in their relationship to the distribution of farm size classes in 26 districts of Pomerania. A spatial policy study. Reichsnährstand -Verl.-Ges., [Berlin] 1940.
• To determine equivalent farm sites with different soil qualities . In: "Raumforschung und Raumordnung" (RuR) , 4th year, 1940, 7/8, pp. 311–314.
• Existence and structure of the German rural population . In: Meyer, Konrad (ed.): Landvolk im Werden. Material for building up rural areas in the new eastern regions and for shaping village life . Berlin 1941, pp. 79-93.
• Forestry and Forest Policy in the New East . In: Meyer, Konrad (ed.): Landvolk im Werden. Material for building up rural areas in the new eastern regions and for shaping village life . Berlin 1941, pp. 311-318.
• Schaumburg-Lippe as reflected in agricultural policy legislation. A contribution to the question of the emergence of small and very small agricultural property. In: Research Service. 10 (1940) 1940, pp. 223-232.
• The new German eastern territories. From travel sketches. In: Journal for geopolitics: monthly books for German foreign knowledge. 18 (1941) 1941, pp. 137-145.
• Sociological considerations when creating village communities. In: The Research Service: Organ d. German agricultural science. 12 (1941) 1941, pp. 390-403.
• and Wilhelm Schäfer: The hectare rate of the unit value - an assessment standard for soil quality. In: Spatial research and spatial planning: RuR. 5 (1941), pp. 331-336.
• and Angelika Sievers : The natural foundations of rural property management. A methodical contribution. In: Spatial research and spatial planning: RuR. 5, pp. 368-377 (1941).
• Rural social problems in Bulgaria. In: The Research Service: Organ d. German agricultural science. 13 (1942) 1942, pp. 414-428.
• On the question of the overpopulation of rural areas. A contribution to the spatial and social analysis of the rural population; shown in 11 districts of Lower Saxony. Reichsnährstand-Verl.-Ges., Prague 1942.
• On the problem of rural social and land order. Lecture. In: Spatial research and spatial planning: RuR. 6, pp. 394-403 (1942).
• Building blocks for rural people and land order. German country bookshop, Berlin 1943.
• Problems of rural social and land order. In: Agricultural policy-Betriebslehre: current problems. 1943, pp. 73-87.
• On the question of the relative value of the floors . In: Raumforschung und Raumordnung (RuR), 8th year, 1944, pp. 56–58.
• An agricultural statistics committee in the research service . In: RuR, 8th year, 1944, 2, pp. 65-66.
• Basic questions of the spiritual and social structure of our rural population . In: Sociopolitical and sociological material. Agricultural and social working group. Göttingen 1946.
• The state of rural education in Germany, Denmark, the Netherlands and the United States. In: Europa-Archiv: Contemporary history, contemporary criticism, administration, economic development; Semi-monthly d. German Society for Foreign Policy. 32 (1948), pp. 1415-1419.
• (Ed.): Agriculture, Food and Rural Education. Contributions in the field of agricultural management, agricultural policy and rural education and training. Schaper, Hanover 1948.
• The structure of the agricultural landscape. Jade-Dr., Wilhelmshaven 1950.
• and Erich Warnking: Investigation of the living conditions in small farming villages. Bockholte village investigation. Pedag. Hochsch. for agricultural teachers, Wilhelmshaven 1953.
• The soil climate figures and their significance for spatial research and regional planning. In: Information / Institute for Spatial Research , Bad Godesberg. No. 15 1956, pp. 377-387.
• The large rural community seen from a historical, legal, administrative and sociological point of view. An expert opinion for the Academy for State Planning and Spatial Research. , Wilhelmshaven 1958.
• Structures and processes in the agricultural sector. In: Space and Agriculture. 1 (1958), pp. 75-101.
• On the intellectual and formal order of the university. Jade print, Wilhelmshaven 1958.
• The farm as a social entity . In: Soziale Welt 1959, issue 4.
• The village in the change of its social structure and its sociological ties. In: Raumforschung: 25 years of spatial research in Germany. 1960, pp. 383-396.
• The agricultural vocational school system in the EEC countries. In: Space and Agriculture III: Agriculture in the European Economic Community Part 2, Research and Meeting Reports of the ARL, 16, 1960, pp. 21ff.
• Agricultural school, people and business in their mutual dependencies. , Hanover 1963.
• with Hermann Lübbing and Karl Steinhoff: The small rural community in Northwest Germany. From a historical, administrative and sociological point of view. Jänecke, Hanover 1963.
• The village community as a sociologically determined location . In: Socio-economic tasks of agriculture in our time (Festschrift Max Rolfes ). Working group for the improvement of the agricultural structure in Hessen eV, Wiesbaden 1964.
• with Martin Schmiel and Günther Gärtner: The agricultural school in the present and future. A sociographic, socio-educational and socio-political study. Schaper, Hanover 1965.
• Traffic problems in rural areas from a social science perspective. Presentation. In: Transport and spatial planning: Papers and discussion remarks on the occasion of the scientific plenary meeting in Hanover in 1965. 1966, pp. 27-50.
• Rural Sociology . In: Concise dictionary of spatial research and spatial planning . Hannover 1966, pp. 1858-1862
• Development tendencies in the intellectual-cultural area . In: Herbert Morgen (together with Eberhard Herzner, Sigurd Klatt, Herbert Kötter , Heinrich Rosenbaum , Friedrich Schneppe): Contributions to the development of local rural areas. A model study . Hanover: Gebrüder Jänecke Verlag 1967 (= ARL publications / Abhandlungen. Vol. 52)
• Land development. Tasks, problems, opportunities. In: Development problems in rural areas. 1967, pp. 9-15.
• and Hans K. Schneider: Development problems in rural areas. R. Müller, Cologne-Braunsfeld 1967.
• The rural area seen from a sociological perspective. An idea sketch. In: The future of rural areas. 1 (1971), pp. 67-80.

literature

• Hansjörg Gutberger: Konrad Meyer and Herbert Morgen. Two academic careers in dictatorship and democracy . In: Karl-Siegbert Rehberg, German Society for Sociology (ed.): The nature of society. Negotiations of the 33rd Congress of the German Society for Sociology in Kassel 2006. Teilbd. 1 u. 2. Campus, Frankfurt am Main 2008, pp. 3325-3341, ISBN 978-3-593-38440-5 ( PDF ).
• Carsten Klingemann : Sociology and Politics. Social science expert knowledge in the Third Reich and in the early West German post-war period . VS, Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, Wiesbaden 2009, ISBN 3-531-15064-2 .
• Max Weinreich : Hitler's professors. The part of scholarship in Germany's crimes against the jewish people. Yewish Scientific Institute YIVO, New York 1946. 2nd edition with a new foreword, Yale University Press, New Haven 1999, ISBN 0300053878 ( readable in Google books ). Again: Literary Licensing Llc, 2011, ISBN 1258030888 .
• Academy for spatial research and regional planning (ed.): 50 years of ARL in facts . Hanover: ARL 1996.

Web links

• Literature by and about Herbert Morgen in the catalog of the German National Library
• Herbert Morgen in the catalog of the DFG exhibition “Science, Planning, Displacement. The General Plan East of the National Socialists "

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Hansjörg Gutberger: Konrad Meyer and Herbert morning. Two academic careers in dictatorship and democracy. In: Karl-Siegbert Rehberg, German Society for Sociology (ed.): The nature of society. Negotiations of the 33rd Congress of the German Society for Sociology in Kassel 2006. Teilbd. 1 u. 2. Campus, Frankfurt am Main 2008, p. 3335; Mechtild Rössler: "Science and living space". Geographical research on the East under National Socialism. A contribution to the history of the discipline of geography. Reimer, Berlin 1990, pp. 165, 220.
2. ↑ Hansjörg Gutberger: Konrad Meyer and Herbert morning. Two academic careers in dictatorship and democracy. In: Karl-Siegbert Rehberg, German Society for Sociology (ed.): The nature of society. Negotiations of the 33rd Congress of the German Society for Sociology in Kassel 2006. Teilbd. 1 u. 2. Campus, Frankfurt am Main 2008, p. 3335; Carsten Klingemann: Sociology and Politics. Social science expert knowledge in the Third Reich and in the early West German post-war period . VS, Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, Wiesbaden 2009, ISBN 3-531-15064-2 , p. 103 f.
3. ↑ Martin Kühner, Herbert Morgen: Plowing hand / researching spirit. Life pictures of memorable pioneers and leaders of the nutritional status. Berlin: Parey 1934, p. 203. The foreword (S.VI) shows Herbert Morgen as the author of the essay on Gustav Ruhland.
4. ^ Carsten Klingemann: Sociology and Politics. Social science expert knowledge in the Third Reich and in the early West German post-war period . VS, Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, Wiesbaden 2009, ISBN 3-531-15064-2 , p. 103 f. quoted 104.
5. ↑ Hansjörg Gutberger: Konrad Meyer and Herbert morning. Two academic careers in dictatorship and democracy. In: Karl-Siegbert Rehberg, German Society for Sociology (ed.): The nature of society. Negotiations of the 33rd Congress of the German Society for Sociology in Kassel 2006. Teilbd. 1 u. 2. Campus, Frankfurt am Main 2008, p. 3334.
6. ↑ Heide Inhetveen: Emerita vel bene merita? On the state of land and agricultural sociology . In: Barbara Orth et al. (Ed.): Sociological research. Stand and prospects. A manual. Leske + Budrich, Opladen 2003, p. 231.
7. ^ Isabel Heinemann: Science and Homogenization Planning for Eastern Europe. Konrad Meyer, the “Generalplan Ost” and the German Research Foundation. In: Isabel Heinemann u. Patrick Wagner: Science - Planning - Displacement. Reorganization Concepts and Resettlement Policy in the 20th Century . Steiner, Stuttgart 2006, p. 66.