Hildegard smiles

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Hildegard Smiles at the Auschwitz Trial in Krakow (1947)

Marthe Luise Hildegard Jungs (born March 19, 1920 in Berlin ; † 1995 ) was a German guard in the Ravensbrück , Majdanek , Auschwitz and Bolzano transit camps .

Life

After finishing school, she started an apprenticeship as a tailor, which she broke off. Then she worked as a factory worker. From April 1942 she was trained as a concentration camp guard in the Ravensbrück concentration camp and deployed according to her training. From October 1942 she worked in the Majdanek concentration camp and was released from camp service in August 1943 due to pregnancy. Her unbridled and sudden outbursts of anger were feared there and she was therefore called "krwawa Brygida" ("bloody Brigitte"). She set her German shepherd on a young pregnant woman, who tore her to pieces. A male camp inmate was beaten and kicked with her iron-ball whip and iron-shod boots until he "no longer looked like a human". Two young Greek women were pushed into the latrine pit by her and drowned in the feces. From April to June 1944 she worked as a guard in the Rajsko and Budy satellite camps of Auschwitz. From January 1945, he worked in the Bolzano transit camp and stayed there until the camp was closed in April 1945.

After the end of the war

After she was interned in 1946, she stood before the Supreme National Tribunal of Poland from November 24, 1947 to December 22, 1947 at the Kraków Auschwitz Trial . On 22 December 1947 it was about 15 years ' imprisonment convicted of it in until their release in 1956 Poland was serving. After her release from prison, she is said to have lived in Heidelberg and worked as an unskilled worker and cleaner in a brothel . Files from the National Archives in Washington show that she was also active for the CIA and the BND . In 1979 she ran in the European elections for the right-wing extremist " Aktiongemeinschaft Nationales Europa " on the list. In the third Majdanek trial , which took place from the mid-1970s before the Düsseldorf Regional Court , she was accused of complicity in murder in 1196 cases and on June 30th 1981 sentenced to twelve years imprisonment for community complicity in the murder of at least 100 people . She did not have to go to custody, as her time in Poland and her pre- trial detention were taken into account.

Her defense lawyer in the Düsseldorf Majdanek trial, Ludwig Bock , attracted nationwide attention in 1977 with his defense due to a scandal: On the 154th day of the hearing, Bock applied for the witness and concentration camp inmate Henryka Ostrowska to be arrested in the courtroom for aiding and abetting murder. She testified that in Majdanek she had been forced to bring containers with Zyklon B into the gas chambers.

From 1946 onwards, an Italian military tribunal investigated Smiling as a guard of the women's block in the Bolzano transit camp. The investigation was discontinued out of consideration for the NATO partner Germany and the incriminating documents were "archived" in the cabinet of shame with the Italian attorney general in Rome .

literature

  • Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum (ed.): Auschwitz in the eyes of the SS. Oswiecim 1998, ISBN 83-85047-35-2 .
  • Costantino Di Sante: Criminali del campo di concentramento di Bolzano. Deposizioni, disegni, foto e documenti inediti. Bolzano: Edition Raetia 2018. ISBN 978-88-7283-674-3 .
  • Ernst Klee : Auschwitz. Perpetrators, accomplices, victims and what became of them. A dictionary of persons . S. Fischer, Frankfurt am Main 2013, ISBN 978-3-10-039333-3 .
  • Ulrike Weckel, Edgar Wolfrum: "Beasts" and "Receivers of Orders": Women and Men in Nazi Trials after 1945. , Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, ISBN 3-525-36272-2 .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Staatliches Museum Auschwitz-Birkenau (ed.): Auschwitz in the eyes of the SS. Oswiecim 1998, p. 235.
  2. ^ Ernst Klee: Auschwitz. Perpetrators, accomplices and victims and what became of them. A dictionary of persons , Frankfurt am Main 2013, p. 246.
  3. ↑ Dietrich Strothmann : "... as if we were cattle" In: Die Zeit , March 6, 1981.
  4. ↑ Christoph Franceschini , Klaus Wiegrefe : CIA and BND hired a former concentration camp guard. In: Spiegel Online . September 4, 2016, accessed September 5, 2016 .
  5. ↑ Oliver Das Gupta: Hildegard Jungs / How a concentration camp guard was hired by the CIA and BND . sueddeutsche.de. September 6, 2016.
  6. ↑ Bock, Ludwig | Belltower News. Retrieved August 2, 2017 .
  7. ↑ Yvonne Brandt: Majdanek Trial: In the nights came the horror . In: Westdeutsche Zeitung . January 18, 2017 ( wz.de [accessed August 2, 2017]).
  8. ^ Juliane Wetzel: Italy . In: Wolfgang Benz , Barbara Distel (eds.): The place of terror . History of the National Socialist Concentration Camps. Volume 9: Labor education camps, ghettos, youth protection camps, police detention camps, special camps, gypsy camps, forced labor camps. CH Beck, Munich 2009, ISBN 978-3-406-57238-8 , p. 302 f.
personal data
SURNAME Smile, Hildegard
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Smiles, Marthe Luise Hildegard (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German concentration camp guard
DATE OF BIRTH March 19, 1920
PLACE OF BIRTH Berlin
DATE OF DEATH 1995