Holstein rock
| system | series | step | ≈ age ( mya ) |
|---|---|---|---|
| after that | after that | after that | younger |
| Neogene | Pliocene | Piacenzium | 2.588 ⬍ 3.6 |
| Zancleum | 3.6 ⬍ 5.333 |
||
| Miocene | Messinium | 5.333 ⬍ 7,246 |
|
| Tortonium | 7,246 ⬍ 11.62 |
||
| Serravallium | 11.62 ⬍ 13.82 |
||
| Langhium | 13.82 ⬍ 15.97 |
||
| Burdigalium | 15.97 ⬍ 20.44 |
||
| Aquitanium | 20.44 ⬍ 23.03 |
||
| before | before | before | older |
"Holsteiner rock" is the name for a sandstone (sand-lime stone, siderite sandstone) with a fauna of the Vierlandium , which was formed in a warm flat sea (but not, as sometimes claimed in older literature, in the mud flats of a tidal sea ) and primarily in the Region Holstein , primarily in the area of an imaginary line Ratzeburg - Lübeck - Eutin , is found as so-called " local attachments ".
Age
The age of the sediment is around 19 to 23 million years. In northern Germany, this lowest section of the Miocene is called the "Vierlandium" after the area of the first discovery south of Hamburg ( Vierlande ). The Vierlandium is a regional name for the lowest stage of the Miocene, which in the international stratigraphic nomenclature roughly corresponds to the Aquitanium . The correlation of the upper limit of the Vierlandiums to the Hemmoorium is, however, controversial. It runs either on the border with Burdigalium or within this level.
Variations
The Holstein rock occurs for almost the entire period of the Vierlandian, around 4 million years ago. A special form of the Holstein rock are the so-called "Schwartensteine"; they are found in Lauenburg (south of Lübeck) and were formed in the uppermost Oligocene (Chatt). Between Bad Segeberg in the south and the Großer Plöner See in the north, a sediment known as Damsdorfer rock was found (named after the community of Damsdorf in the center of this area). According to the prevailing opinion, this is a manifestation of the diverse Holstein rock (same age, local debris, no significant differences in the fossil community).
The facial boundary between the Holstein rock and the similar Sternberg rock is blurred. The Sternberg rock found in the upper Oligocene , which is also frequently found locally as bed load, can be distinguished from the younger Holstein rock by its fauna. The discovery area for Sternberger rock, which is also known as the Sternberger cake, extends roughly from Schwerin to Malchiner See in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, so it connects to the east of the Holstein rock discovery region.
Deposit
The Vierlandium has been proven by numerous boreholes in southern and eastern Holstein. Boreholes in the Lauenburg region, for example, came across fine Vierland sands with Holstein rock at a depth of around 175 m. These sediments were literally "scraped off" by the advancing ice masses of the Vistula glaciation , which ended around 12,000 years ago . Fragments of this remained, like many other rock remnants carried by the ice, after the ice thawed. The southwestern border of the ice sheet of the last large ice advance extended through the eastern part of what is now the state of Schleswig-Holstein. The hilly lake landscape of Holstein Switzerland around Eutin was created from ground and terminal moraines from the Vistula glaciation.
Bed load locations and fossil content
The mostly walnut to child's head-sized, but occasionally also much larger pieces of the light brown to deep-dark brown, mostly interspersed with bleached mollusc shells, can be picked up occasionally on steep banks of the Baltic Sea and in fields, but above all in gravel pits in Holstein. Some pieces are surrounded by a hard sidereal weathering crust, under which there is a mostly much lighter, also quite hard fine sandstone core. Well over 200 species of mollusks have been identified from the Holstein rock. In addition, there are fish remains (shark teeth, ball teeth, otoliths ), bryozoa and numerous microfossils .
Exhibitions
Some, sometimes spectacular, finds are exhibited in the natural history museums of the region, for example in the Museum for Nature and Environment Lübeck , in the Geological and Mineralogical Museum in Kiel and in the Schleswig-Holstein Ice Age Museum in Lütjenburg .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Written communication from K. Gürs, quoted in: G. Klug: Holsteiner rock and loosely picked lime shells from the age of the Vierlandian (Lower Miocene) from a gravel pit in Lübeck-Kücknitz / Dummersdorfer Ufer . In Der Geschiebesammler 34, 3, Wankendorf 2001. ISSN 0340-4056 .
- ^ W. Hinsch: lithology, stratigraphy and palaeogeography of the neogene in Schleswig-Holstein . In Tobien 1986.
- ↑ D. Spiegler: Classification of the Northwest German Tertiary (Palaeogene and Neogene) on the basis of planktonic foraminifera . In Tobien 1986.
- ↑ Gripp 1964
- ^ W. Schulz: Training and distribution of the Upper Oligocene "Sternberger cake" as local attachments. In: Reports of the German Geological Society for Geological Sciences , Series A, Volume 17, Issue 1, Berlin 1972.
- ^ A. Johannsen: Sideritic "Holstein rock" in holes . In Lauenburgische Heimat 45, pp. 53-55, Ratzeburg 1964.
literature
- Karl Gripp: geological history of Schleswig-Holstein. - 411 pages, 57 plates, 3 maps, Neumünster 1964.
- Kurt Hucke : Introduction to bed load research . - 132 p., 50 plates, numerous Text illus., Nederlandse Geologische Vereniging, Oldenzaal 1967.
- Günter Klug: Across the Holstein rock - a local attachment typical of southern Schleswig-Holstein. In: Geschiebekunde aktuell. Special issue 7, Hamburg / Greifswald 2009. ISSN 0178-1731 , pp. 3–12.
- Werner Schulz: Geological guide for the north German bed load collector. - 507 p., Numerous Fig., Cw Verlagsgruppe Schwerin 2003. ISBN 3933781310 .
- Heinz Tobien (Ed.): Northwest Germany in the Tertiary. From the series Contributions to the regional division of the earth . Berlin / Stuttgart 1986.