Hraničná (Skorošice)
| Hraničná | |||||
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| Basic data | |||||
| State : |
 Czech Republic
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| Region : | Olomoucký kraj | ||||
| District : | Jeseník | ||||
| Municipality : | Skorošice | ||||
| Geographic location : | 50 ° 19 ' N , 17 ° 1' E | ||||
| Height: | 525 m nm | ||||
| Residents : | 0 | ||||
Hraničná (German Gränzgrund , also Grenzgrund ) is an extinct village in the municipality of Skorošice in the Czech Republic . It is located six kilometers west of Žulová and belongs to the Okres Jeseník .
geography
Hraničná is located in the Reichensteiner Mountains ( Rychlebské hory ) on the right side of the Vojtovický potok ( Mühlbach ) in the narrow valley floor Ostré údolí des Studený potok. To the north rise the Suť ( Steingerütte , 717 m nm) and the Kokeš ( Hühnerkoppe , 651 m nm), in the southeast the Jezevčí vrch (755 m nm), south of the Spičák ( Spitzberg , 957 m nm), southwest of the Borůvkový vrch ( Urlichberg , 859 m nm) and the Siwa kopa ( Schimmelkoppe , 768 m npm), in the west the Hraničný vrch ( Schusterberg , 752 m nm) and the Brandkoppe (678 m nm) and to the northwest the Strážiště ( Hutberg , 812 m nm) and the Vapenný vrch ( Kalkberg , 776 m nm).
Neighboring towns are Nová Véska in the north, Vojtovice in the northeast, Dvorec ( Scholzenhof ) and Nové Chaloupky in the east, Petrovice ( Petersdorf ) in the southeast, Kamenné and Bielice in the south, Nowy Gierałtów in the southwest, Hraničky in the west and Nové Vilémovice ( Neu Wilmsdorf ) in the Northwest.
history
The settlement of Gränzgrund , located on the border with the County of Glatz , was founded around 1690 by the Friedeberg Office of the Prince-Bishop 's Johannisberg Estates . The residents were only obliged to provide hunting and rafting service to the rulers.
In 1836 the village of Gränzgrund , located in a deep valley, consisted of 19 mostly wooden houses in which 133 German-speaking people lived. The poor village consisted of one half-hunter , five gardeners and 12 cottagers ; the Mühlbach flowing past below drove a catchy mill in the Brettgrund. The main sources of income were barren agriculture, flax spinning and daily wages. The school was in Woitzdorf . The parish was Gurschdorf , but three of the houses were parish to Wildschütz . Until the middle of the 19th century, Gränzgrund remained subject to the diocese of Breslau.
After the abolition of patrimonial Gränzgrund formed a district of the community Petersdorf in the judicial district Weidenau from 1849 . In 1856, iron ore mining began above the village. From 1869 the village belonged to the Freiwaldau district. The Czech place name Hraničná was introduced at the end of the 19th century. In 1890 104 people lived in the 22 houses in Gränzgrund . With the advent of tourism at the end of the 19th century, the village at the foot of the Spitzberg received a new perspective as a summer resort. In 1900 the village had 118 inhabitants and consisted of 21 houses. Mining stopped in 1906. During the 1921 census, 112 Germans lived in the 22 houses in the village. In 1930 Gränzgrund had 90 inhabitants. After the Munich Agreement , the village was assigned to the German Reich in 1938 and belonged to the Freiwaldau district until 1945 . After the end of the Second World War, Hraničná came back to Czechoslovakia; most of the German-speaking residents were expelled in 1945/46 . The repopulation of the remote place was only possible to a limited extent. Together with Petrovice, Hraničná was incorporated into Skorošice in 1949. In 1950 only 9 people lived in the 22 houses in Hraničná. After the resumption of iron ore mining, the excavation of a new tunnel from the largely abandoned village began in 1960 . During the territorial reform of 1960 the Okres Jeseník was abolished and the place was incorporated into the Okres Šumperk . Large parts of the village were destroyed by the new ore processing. After the Hraničná iron ore mine had ceased operations in 1968, the place was abandoned. In 1976 Hraničná was abolished as a district of Skorošice.
The formerly populated valley of Studený potok is now wooded. Only a few houses on Vojtovický potok have been preserved.
Local division
The Hraničná desert belongs to the Petrovice district of the Skorošice municipality and is also part of the Petrovice u Skorošic cadastral district.
Hraničná iron ore mine
In 1856, at the upper exit of the Ostré údolí near the Prussian border in 900 m nm, the mining of iron ore began. The ores obtained were processed in the Endersdorf ironworks . The mine operator was initially the Troppau company Tlach-Keil, then the owner of the Endersdorfer Hütte Countess Rudzinská and finally the Prussian industrialist Guido Henckel von Donnersmarck , who shut down the three Gränzgrund iron shafts and flooded them in 1906. In 1953 mining operations were resumed.
In 1959, at 575 m nm in the largely deserted village of Hraničná, the excavation of the new “Marek” tunnel began to open up two magnetite and hematite deposits separated by white marble . 173 kilotons of ore were mined between 1960 and 1968, and large parts of the former village were built over with the processing plant erected in front of the tunnel. On April 1, 1968, the Hraničná iron ore mine was closed. The custody of the shafts was done from 1969 to 1972; for this purpose, the spoil heaps on the village grounds were also removed.
In the course of time, a 540 m long tunnel was driven to dissolve the water . Magnetite and accompanying marbles were mined down to a depth of 107 m . In 2014, the Rychlebská báňsko-historická, zs association took over the Hraničná iron ore mine , which was closed in 1967, from the state enterprise DIAMO in order to make it accessible to the public. The drained shaft serves as a training facility for divers of the Integrovaný záchranný systém (IZS) and the police. At the same time, the flooded mine workings were also opened for private cave diving training. On May 17, 2019, a visitor mine was opened.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Faustin Ens : The Oppaland or the Opava district, according to its historical, natural history, civic and local peculiarities. Volume 4: Description of the location of the principalities of Jägerndorf and Neisse, Austrian Antheils and the Moravian enclaves in the Troppauer district . Vienna 1837, pp. 253-254
- ↑ Chytilův místopis ČSR, 2nd updated edition, 1929 , p. 399 Hrachovice Dotlní - Hranovnica
- ↑ Důl Hraničná se otevřel veřejnostilogo