Gregorius Skoworoda

Gregorius Skoworoda

Gregorius Scovoroda or Skovoroda ( Latin Gregorius Sabba filius Scovoroda , altostslawisch Григорій Саввичъ Сковорода Grigory Savvič Skovoroda , Ukrainian Григорій Савич Сковорода Hryhorij Sawytsch Skovoroda , modern Russian Григорий Саввич Сковорода Grigory Skovoroda Savvič ; born November 22 ^{. Jul} / 3. December  1722 ^greg. in Tschornuchy , Kiev Governorate , Russian Empire ; † October 29 ^jul. / 9. November  1794 ^greg. in Iwanowka in Kharkov , Russian Empire ; today Skoworodyniwka , Kharkiv Oblast , Ukraine ) was a Ukrainian and Russian philosopher , poet and fabulist and singers . He was also called the "first original philosopher the soot " and "wandering philosopher" because he spent the last decades of his life as a traveling pilgrim and teacher. Skoworoda used the following pseudonyms: "Daniil Mejngardt" (ie. Daniel Meinhardt - in honor of the Protestant theologian Daniel Meinhardt. Michail Kowalenski (1745–1807) saw Daniel Meinhardt in Lausanne, after which he told Skoworoda that Meinhardt was very similar to him, which Skoworoda caused the pseudonym to choose) and "Grigorij Warßawwa" (ie Grigorij, the son of Sawwa). Skoworoda is the great-grandfather of Vladimir Sergeyevich Solovyov .

Life

Skoworoda was born in 1722 in the left bank of Hetmanat as the son of the Cossack Sawwa Skoworoda and his wife Pelageja Skoworoda (née Schengerejewa). After attending the village school, he entered the Mohyla Academy in Kiev - at that time one of the most prestigious universities in the country, which provided both spiritual and secular education. He studied at the Academy in the periods 1734 to 1741, 1744 to 1745 and 1751 to 1753. In the years 1741 to 1744 Gavrila Matvejew Skoworoda, who had a good voice, sent as a singer in the court choir at the St. Petersburg Tsar's court; he was an eyewitness to the accession ceremonies of Empress Elisabeth . Skoworoda visited his uncle Ignatij Poltawzow in Saint Petersburg and Moscow . Ignatij Poltawzow was an influential dignitary in the Russian Empire and chamberlain to Tsarina Elisabeth. It is possible that Ignatij Poltawzow accommodated Skovoroda as a singer in the court choir in Saint Petersburg.

From 1745 to 1750 Skoworoda traveled to Hungary, Austria and Slovakia as a companion in diplomatic missions and supplemented his studies in Munich and Wroclaw with the subjects of education, classical philology and philosophy. During his time as a teacher at the Perejaslav College in 1753, where he was teaching poetics , he also wrote his first work: Contemplation on Poetry and Instructions for the Art of Poetry ( Рассуждение о поэзии и руководство к искусству онойству ). In addition to more modern ideas for the interpretation of poetry, he also developed new methods for the more individual education of children, with the aim of promoting and training the natural talents of the students. His work led to the deterioration of relations with his episcopal employer and dismissal from the quorum. For the whole of 1755 Skovoroda was in Moscow and stayed in Sergiev Posad's Trinity Monastery with the resident of the monastery, Kirill Leshchevetsky. Then Skoworoda worked until 1759 as a tutor in the family of the landlord Tomara in Kowrai village near Solotonoscha . His last job was from 1759 to 1766 at the Kharkov College, where he was attacked because of his ethics courses.

During these years Skoworoda decided to live a wandering life as a pilgrim. He traveled to Moscow and on foot all over Sloboda-Ukraine . On a trip in 1764 he turned down an offer to enter the Kiev-Pechersk Lavra as a monk and stuck to his way of life as a traveling philosopher. Most of his written works were created during this period, including The Garden of Divine Songs ( Сад божественних песней ) and Entrance Door to Christian Modesty ( Начальная дверь ко християнскому довиюр ). In 1776 Skovoroda wrote his famous book Silenus Alcibiadis ( Икона Алкивиадская ) in Voronezh , which he dedicated to his friend Stepan Ivanovich Tevjaschow .

Skovoroda's philosophy was influenced by Neoplatonists , stoicism and mysticism ; he mainly dealt with biblical topics, but remained independent of individual denominations or beliefs. In addition to his literary work as a writer of philosophical works, he played several instruments and composed pieces of music. In 1781 Skovoroda visited Grigory Kovalinsky in Taganrog .

In the last year of life (1794) Skovoroda was in Oryol and Kursk . He died in Ivanovka in the Kowalewski homestead; the motto he wrote himself was: The world chased me, but could never catch me. ( Мир ловил меня, но не поймал. )

Quotes

"Dear God, hallowed be your name in the thoughts and intentions of your slave, who decided and wished to be Socrates in Russia, but the Russian land is much further than the Greek, and it will not be so easy for him that to embrace all of Russia quickly with his sermon. "

Eponyms

• In 1982 the asteroid (2431) Skovoroda was named after him.
• The National Skovoroda Pedagogical University of Kharkiv bears his name.

literature

• Nikolaus von Arsenjew: Pictures from the Russian intellectual life. I. The mystical philosophy of Skovoroda // Kyrios. Quarterly journal for the history of the Church and Spiritual History of Eastern Europe / Ed. By H. Koch. - Koenigsberg; Berlin: Ost-Europa-Verlag, 1936. - Vol. I. - Hft. 1. - pp. 3–28.
• Schultze, Bernhard: Grigorij Savvič Skovoroda // Schultze B. Russian thinkers: their position on Christ, the Church and the papacy. - Vienna: Thomas-More-Presse published by Herder Verlag, 1950. - pp. 15–27.
• Heller, Wolfgang:  Skovoroda, Grigorij Savvič. In: Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL). Volume 10, Bautz, Herzberg 1995, ISBN 3-88309-062-X , Sp. 627-630.
• Goerdt, Wilhelm: Grigorij Savvič Skovoroda // Russian Philosophy: Approaches and Perspectives. - Freiburg: Verlag Karl Alber, 1984
• Kloubert, Tetyana: Popular education on the move . Educational idea and image of man in the Ukrainian thinker Hryhorij Skovoroda (1722-1794) Jena 2008, ISBN 978-3-938203-64-4

Web links

Commons : Hryhoriy Skovoroda  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

• Literature by and about Gregorius Skoworoda in the catalog of the German National Library
• Dialogues and Poems (Ukrainian translation), in Alexander M. Kobrinsky's Library

Individual evidence

1. ^ "Senex Gregorius de Sabba Skovoroda" [1]
2. ^ "... Gregorius filius Sabbae Skoworoda" [2]
3. ↑ Сковорода Г. Сочинения. T. 1. M., 1973. С. 486.
4. ↑ Лощиц Ю. М. Сковорода. - М., 1972.
5. ↑ Стадниченко В. Сладкая ссылка с горьким привкусом // Зеркало недели. - №18 (393) 18 мая 2002г.
6. ↑ Minor Planet Circ. 7472