Hutungsberg
| Hutungsberg | ||
|---|---|---|
| height | 474 m above sea level NN | |
| location |
Free State of Saxony , Germany Czech Republic |
|
| Mountains | Eastern Upper Lusatia | |
| Coordinates | 50 ° 58 '11 " N , 14 ° 36' 2" E | |
|
||
| rock | basalt | |
The Hutungsberg , ( 474 m ) is a knoll on the Neugersdorf loess ridge in Eastern Upper Lusatia . It is located in the Neugersdorf district of the city of Ebersbach-Neugersdorf .
location
The Hutungsberg is located in the southern urban area of Neugersdorf. Its broad ridge extends from the German-Czech border in the west over approx. 800 m along the road "Hutung" to the east. To the north is the Butterberg (Vyhlídka, 453 m ) in Bohemia . The Beerberg ( 427 m ) and the Hetzwalder Berg ( 441 m ) rise to the northeast, and the Wacheberg ( 452 m ) to the southeast . To the west, the goat back joins in Bohemia.
The northern slope of the mountain is fully developed with the villages of Philippsdorf (Filipov) and Neugersdorf. The Hutungsberg is surrounded in the northeast by Hetzwalde , in the east by Oberleutersdorf , in the southeast by Neuwalde and Neuleutersdorf , in the southwest by Rumburg (Rumburk), in the west by Aloisburg (Aloisov) and Butterberg (Vyhlídka) and in the northwest by Johannesthal (Jánské Údolí) and Altgeorgswalde (Jiříkov).
The Hutungsberg is part of the North Sea-Baltic Sea watershed , which stretches to the northeast over the Beerberg to the Lerchenberg and to the west between Rumburg and Georgswalde over the goat back. The Spree ( Spreedorfer Spreeborn and Neugersdorfer Spreequelle) and its tributary Schnauder (Šnaudry) arise at the northern foot of the mountain , on the western slope the Ritterbach (Jiříkovský potok) also flows into the Spree . To the east of the Hutungsberg lies the source of the Leutersdorfer water and to the southwest that of the Leitengraben ; Both streams, as well as the Kaltbach , which rises on the southern slope, and the Wiesenbach (Moje), which swells on the southwest slope, belong to the catchment area of the Mandau .
description
The mountain ridge, over whose west side the border with the Czech Republic runs, is completely populated from the north to the summit area. The Hutungsberg summit extends over the area between Seifhennersdorfer Strasse, Hutung, Dürerstrasse, Liechtensteiner Strasse, Bergstrasse and Hans-Sachs-Strasse in Neugersdorf. From the west side of the summit, on which the Bismarck Tower stands, there is a broad view over the Bohemian Netherlands . The Neugersdorfer water tower stands on the eastern side of the summit. To the north of the summit is the Jacobimarkt fairground . The Neugersdorfer Stadtwald extends over the southern slope with the Höllengrund.
geology
The hood of the Hutungsberg is part of the Neugersdorf-Leutersdorfer basalt ceiling. In the western part it is twelve meters thick, in the horizontal part it is made of basalt tuff. In the basalt quarry on the border south of the Bismarck Tower, which is now backfilled, the direct superimposition of the volcanic rocks from two successive eruptions, which differed only in their column formation, was visible.
The up to 50 m thick quartzite dike stretches across the southern and western slopes , stretching from Schluckenau to the White Stone near Spitzkunnersdorf . In the vicinity of the Waldschlößchen there are remains of former quarries on both sides of the border on the corridor.
history
During the high Middle Ages colonization in the east, the forest hoof village Gersdorf ( Gherardesdorpp ) was founded in the small cross valley at the northern foot of the mountain . After Gersdorf was destroyed by the Hussites in 1429, the Hufen of the desert village reforested - the Gersdorfer Forest was created. In 1588 the Gersdorfer Wald was divided along the Quertal, with the southern part on the Hutungsberghang coming to the Rumburg rulership . The northern and eastern parts of the forest were acquired by the Zittau council in 1597 .
After the transfer of Upper Lusatia to the Electorate of Saxony and the re-Catholicization of Bohemia, the owner of the Rumburg rulership, Franz Eusebius von Pötting, had the Neu-Gersdorf row of houses built on his property on the Upper Lusatian side of the Hutungsberg in 1657 near Büttnerborn . The settlers were Protestants who had been expelled from Bohemia, and von Pötting was able to keep them as subjects. The settlement of Neu-Gersdorf took place parallel to the Bohemian border on the Hutungsberghang, on the ridge von Pötting assigned the settlers a Hutung. In 1662 another exile settlement was built east of Neu-Gersdorf in the Zittau area, called Alt-Gersdorf .
Both villages, whose inhabitants were mainly weavers, grew rapidly until the end of the 18th century. At that time, both Neu-Gersdorf (today's August-Bebel-Straße) and Alt-Gersdorf (today's Karl-Liebknecht-Straße) already reached up to the Hutungsberg summit. A windmill was operated on the upper Hutberglehne to the west of Alt-Gersdorf . Neu-Gersdorf suffered from a lack of water right from the start, so the trickle flowing down the Hutungsberg was dammed in the village in a cascade of four to five small ponds. Between 1828 and 1829 the new Chaussee from Rumburg to Löbau , branching off the old Georgswalder Straße from Aloisburg , crossed the border north of the Hutungsberg summit and crossed both Neu-Gersdorf and Alt-Gersdorf . In addition to the customs office at the border crossing, several taverns were soon built on the Bohemian side, the small settlement was named Butterberghäuser after the Bohemian foothills . The windmill that stood in today's Kurzen Strasse was demolished in 1835. In 1848 the Neugersdorfer brewery was established on the Hutungsberg summit. In the course of the 19th century, the development between Neu-Gersdorf and Alt-Gersdorf increased , and houses were also built along the Chaussee.
In 1866 a colored weaving mill was built on the hilltop; To supply the dye works with process water, a pumping station was built in 1887 at the southern foot of the mountain on the Kaltbach . In the first half of the 20th century, the Chaussee developed into the main street of the villages Altgersdorf and Neugersdorf, which have now merged into a municipality of Neugersdorf. Both the corridors on the northern slope between the two former villages and the summit of the mountain were built on. After plans to build a lookout tower on the Hutungsberg summit existed from 1879, these were implemented in 1903 with the construction of the Bismarck tower . Between 1926 and 1928 the town of Neugersdorf received a municipal water supply; From the waterworks on the Kaltbach, the tap water was pumped to the water tower built in 1927 on the Hutungsberg, from where it was given to consumers. After the Neugersdorfer brewery was shut down, its buildings were used for other purposes, most recently from 1978 as an apprentice dormitory of VEB Lautex Neugersdorf.
During the GDR era, the border crossing on Hutungsberg was the only transit crossing into Czechoslovakia in Eastern Saxony that was approved for trucks. The main road was given a hard shoulder for the backlog of trucks at the border, which mostly ran through the entire city. The increase in truck traffic after the fall of the Berlin Wall resulted in constant traffic jams at the border crossing through the urban area of Neugersdorf. In the 1990s, the Neugersdorf bypass ( state road 148n) was created, which bypasses Neugersdorf to the east from the Oberland and crosses the Czech border on the southern slope of Hutungsberg. Since then, the former Chaussee on the northern hillside has only had the character of a cross-border local road. In 2006 and 2007, a park with a viewpoint was created opposite the Bismarck Tower on the terrace of the Hutungsberg summit. The ice cellar of the former brewery is located under the park.
Surname
The name of the mountain is derived from the Hutungswald that used to exist on its summit .
literature
- The south-eastern Upper Lusatia with Zittau and the Zittau Mountains (= values of the German homeland . Volume 16). 27f. Edition. Akademie Verlag, Berlin 1971.