Hairy St. John's wort

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Hairy St. John's wort
Hairy St. John's Wort (Hypericum hirsutum)

Hairy St. John's Wort ( Hypericum hirsutum )

Systematics
Rosids
Eurosiden I
Order : Malpighiales (Malpighiales)
Family : St. John's wort family (Hypericaceae)
Genre : St. John's herbs ( Hypericum )
Type : Hairy St. John's wort
Scientific name
Hypericum hirsutum
L.

The hairy St. John's wort ( Hypericum hirsutum ), also called rough-haired hard hay , is a type of plant from the St. John's wort family (Hypericaceae).

In contrast to other St. John's wort species, the round stem of this species is hairy and the leaves have no black points on the edge.

description

The hairy St. John's wort is a perennial herbaceous plant that reaches heights of 30 to 100 cm and has an upright, densely haired, round stem . It overwinters covered by leaves or earth, which is why it is called a hemicryptophyte .

The oval foliage leaves sit opposite on the stem and encircle it somewhat at the base, or have petioles up to 1.5 mm long. The approximately 5 cm long leaves are hairy on both sides and spotted translucent black.

The paniculate inflorescence consists of sessile partial inflorescences that sprout from the upper leaf axils. The hermaphrodite, radially symmetrical flowers are five-fold. The five short fused sepals are 3 to 4 mm long, lanceolate and pointed and have clearly stalked black glands on the edge. The five yellow petals are 8 to 10 mm long. Of the 24 to 30 (numerous) stamens , the longest is 7 to 10 mm long, which is 0.7 to 0.8 times as long as the petals. The carpels are a top permanent ovary grown. The flowering period is from June to August.

The egg-shaped or oblong-egg-shaped to conical capsule fruit is 4 to 7 mm long and 3 to 5 mm wide. They reach about one and a half to double the length of the sepals. The brown seeds are about 1 mm in size.

  • blossom

  • Inflorescence (details)

  • Stems and leaves

Other properties

This species occurs in smaller to larger groups and is fertilized by self or insect pollination . This species spreads with the help of the wind. When you rub the flowers between your fingers, a red dye appears.

The dried flowers of the hairy St. John's wort contain up to 1.7% of the red dye hypericin . In non-pigmented (white) grazing animals (horses, sheep, goats, etc.), hypericin uptake leads to symptoms of haemolysis after exposure to the sun .

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 18.

Hairy St. John's Wort ( Hypericum hirsutum )

Distribution and location requirements

This species is distributed throughout Europe outside the Mediterranean region and in western Asia at low and medium altitudes. Outside Europe, finds are documented in Xinjiang , Kazakhstan , Kyrgyzstan , Russia (European part, Siberia on the Angara and in the Sajan Mountains ) and in Algeria .
The hairy St. John's wort is found mainly on nutrient-rich limestone soils in herbaceous and perennial weed fields , as well as in tall herbaceous fields and bushes in the mountains and deciduous and fir forests of medium altitude. It thrives particularly well in Atropion societies. In the Allgäu Alps in Vorarlberg on the southeastern hand of the Bärenkopf , it rises to an altitude of 1500 meters. According to the ecological indicator values ​​according to Ellenberg , the species is specified as a penumbra plant in moderately warm to warm locations in a moderate maritime climate. The species prefers evenly medium moist (not wet) soils that are never very acidic, but very rich in nitrogen.

Sources and further information

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Oskar Sebald : Guide through nature. Wild plants of Central Europe. ADAC Verlag, Munich 1989, ISBN 3-87003-352-5 , p. 67.
  2. ↑ Flora of China: Description , accessed January 11, 2008
  3. ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp.  663 .
  4. ↑ Erhard Dörr, Wolfgang Lippert : Flora of the Allgäu and its surroundings. Volume 2, IHW, Eching 2004, ISBN 3-930167-61-1 , p. 221.

Web links

Commons : Hairy St. John's Wort ( Hypericum hirsutum )  - album with pictures, videos and audio files