Ikarios (father of Penelope)

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Ikarios ( Greek  Ἰκάριος ) is the father of Penelope in Greek mythology . While in Homer it hardly has any shape, it is developed into an independent figure in the further mythological interpretation, whereby it is located in Sparta with changing genealogies .

myth

Ikarios is in the library of Apollodorus a grandson of Kynortas , a son of Perieres and the Gorgophone and brother of Tyndareus , Aphareus and Leucippus . In other places he is not referred to as the grandson of Kynortas, but as that of Aiolos . In another version, also known as Pausanias , he is the grandson of Perieres. Here he is a son of Oibalus and the naiad Bateia and brother of Tyndareus, Arene and Hippocoon . In another genealogy, only attested by Pausanias, he is finally the son of Oibalos and the Gorgophone. She had been married to Perieres before Oibalos, which shows that attempts were made to reconcile the various information.

Ikarios and Tyndareos are driven out of Lakedaimon by their brother Hippokoon because of disputes over domination and flee to Thestios in Pleuron , where they support him in his struggles against his neighbors. When Hippocoon is killed by Heracles , Tyndareus returns to Sparta and takes control there. Ikarios accompanies him in the library , but in most of the other traditions he stays in Akarnania and marries Polycaste there , the daughter of Lygaios . In a less familiar version, Ikarios is an ally of the eldest brother Hippokoon and drives Tyndareos to Pellene together with him .

In Akarnania he becomes the father of Penelope and various other children. He appears in the Alkmaionis as the husband of the polycaste and as the father of the two sons Alyzeus and Leukadios , with whose help he attained rule over Akarnania. Generally, however, he is considered to be the husband of the naiad Periboia , with whom he has the sons Thoas , Damasippos , Imeusimos , Aletes and Perilaos in the library in addition to Penelope . Instead of the sons, the daughter Iphthime is named in Homer's Odyssey . In a Scholion about the Odyssey , Dorodoche , the daughter of Orsilochus and Asterodeia , the daughter of Eurypylos , are named as women .

When Penelope was to be married, Ikarios organized a competition for his daughter's suitors, in which Odysseus after Pausanias took part and emerged victorious. In the library , however, it is reported that Tyndareos fears a rebellion of the numerous inferior suitors of Helena if he has chosen one of them to be Helena's husband, whereupon, on Odysseus' advice, he makes all suitors swear to accept his decision and the future bridegroom To assist in the event of an injustice caused by this marriage. As a thank you for this advice, Tyndareos makes himself strong to Ikarios for Odysseus' advertisement for Penelope.

After Penelope has become the wife of Odysseus, Ikarios tries to keep both of them in Lacedaemon; Odysseus, however, makes his way back to Ithaca with Penelope . Ikarios follows them with his car and tells his daughter to stay. Odysseus asks Penelope to decide whether to follow him voluntarily or to return to her father. Penelope silently covers her face with a veil and gives Ikarios to understand so shyly that she would rather stay with Odysseus. Ikarios then abandons his plan and erects a statue for the goddess of shame Aidos on the site of the meeting .

Representations

The bowl of Hieron shows the judgment of Paris. On page B (below) Icarios is shown

A depiction of Icarius can be found on an Attic red-figure bowl by the potter Hieron , which dates from 490–480 BC. Is dated. The painting of the bowl is attributed to Makron . The illustration shows the judgment of Paris , at the edge of the action are Tyndareos and Ikarios. Ikarios is shown as a bearded old man, he carries a stick and is dressed in a chiton and a cloak.

literature

Remarks

  1. ↑ Stesichoros in the library of Apollodor 3, 10, 3.
  2. ↑ Libraries of Apollodorus 1, 9, 5; 3, 10, 4.
  3. ^ Tzetzes Ad Lycophronem 511.
  4. ↑ Libraries of Apollodorus 3, 10, 5.
  5. ^ Pausanias 4, 2, 4.
  6. ^ Pausanias 3: 1, 4.
  7. ↑ Libraries of Apollodorus 3, 10, 5.
  8. ↑ Pausanias 3: 1, 4; also in Eustathios of Thessalonike 1417, 24: Scholion zu Euripides Orestes 457.
  9. ↑ Alkmaionis near Strabo 452.
  10. ↑ Libraries of Apollodorus 3, 10, 6.
  11. ↑ Homer Odyssey 4, 797.
  12. ↑ Scholion on Homer's Odyssey 15:16 .
  13. ↑ Pausanias 3:12 , 2.
  14. ↑ Libraries of Apollodorus 3, 10, 9.
  15. ↑ Pausanias 3, 20, 10f.
  16. ^ Bowl of Hieron (Berlin F 2291) in the Perseus Project (English)