Inousses (Messenia)
| Inousses | ||
|---|---|---|
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| Waters | Ionian sea | |
| archipelago | Ionian islands | |
| Geographical location | 36 ° 45 ′ N , 21 ° 44 ′ E | |
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| Number of islands | 6th | |
| Main island | Sapientza | |
| Total land area | 29.6 km² | |
| Residents | uninhabited | |
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The Messenian Inousses ( Greek Μεσσηνιακές Οινούσσες ( f. Pl. ), Also Inouses Οινούσες, German earlier also Önusen or Önussä , locally also Sapientzes Σαπιέντζες) are a small group of islands south of the Messenian peninsula in the Peloponnese .
The actual Inousses are a few kilometers south of the port of Methoni in the municipality of Pylos-Nestoras , to whose territory they also belong. The group consists of six islands and some rocks jutting out of the sea. Although the 2001 Greek census counted seven inhabitants on Sapientza and two on Schiza, they are now considered uninhabited. The island of Venetiko , located further east, is also counted among the Inousses in some descriptions. It is located south of Cape Akritas and belongs to the municipality of Koroni .
history
Already Pausanias mentions the islands under the name Oinoussai ( ancient Greek Οἰνοῦσσαι ). Etymologically, the name is derived from the ancient Greek word for "wine" - oinos ( οἶνος ). As the father of the Greek heroine Methone , whose name corresponds to the ancient Greek of today's Methoni, the " winemaker " Oineus from Aetolia was named, the mythical first Greek winemaker who is said to have received the vine from Dionysus and, according to Ernst Curtius, the islands are named after Benedikt Niese describes the islands as a Periöken state when Messenia belonged to Sparta . Very few traces on the two larger islands indicate settlement in Roman times.
After the conquest of the Peloponnese by the Franks, the islands came under the Treaty of Sapientza in 1209 to the Republic of Venice , along with Methoni and Koroni, whose historical fate they shared from then on. Sapientza has always been an important anchorage for ships heading for Methoni, as evidenced by numerous shipwrecks in the area around the island. Genoese ships used the islands of Sapientza, Elafonisos (Italian Cervi ) and Venetiko as a stopover on their trade route from Genoa to the Aegean and the eastern Mediterranean. After 1261, the importance of the intermediate stations increased due to the extension of the trade routes via Pera near Constantinople into the Black Sea. The towns of Methoni and Koroni changed hands several times, in 1354 the Genoese fleet defeated the Venetian at the Battle of Sapientza. During the Venetian rule over the Peloponnese between 1687 and 1714, the Inousses were subordinated to the administration of the also Venetian Ionian Islands: Elafonissos (Cervi) was subordinate to the administration of the (also Venetian) island of Kythira (Cerigo). After the reconquest of the Peloponnese by the Ottoman Empire in 1714 and the Peace of Passarowitz in 1717, this administrative structure led to the islands off the Peloponnese being regarded as part of the Ionian Islands, which remained unchanged under Venetian suzerainty.
During the Greek War of Independence , the islands were the base for the fleet of the Greek insurgents. After Greece gained independence in 1832, Sapientza and the other Inousses Islands were considered part of its territory by the Kingdom of Greece. Great Britain, on the other hand, saw the Inousses as part of the Ionian Islands, control of which it had taken in 1815. From 1839, Great Britain forced its claim to the Inousses Islands, especially from Sapientza and Elafonisos as part of Zakynthos for the Republic of the Ionian Islands , which led to diplomatic conflicts between Great Britain and Greece. In February 1849, prisoners from the Ionian Islands fled to Greece via Elafonisos. At the end of August 1849, the British Foreign Secretary Lord Palmerston and the British governor of the Ionian Islands, Earl Gray, agreed that the British Navy should recapture the island of Elafonisos. In addition to other factors such as the Don Pacifico affair, the Greek-British conflict culminated in a sea blockade of the Greek ports by the British navy in 1850. After Greece paid reparations for British losses during the War of Independence, this claim for territory was dropped. Greece had to pay more than 180,000 drachmas in compensation. The Greek economy, especially trade, had suffered badly from the sea blockade. All of the Ionian Islands finally came to Greece in 1864.
The individual islands
Sapientza is rich in flora and fauna, including populations of the Cretan wild goat and mouflon that were released on the island in the 1980s. The northern part is largely forested, in addition to olive trees ( Olea europaea sylvestris ), kermes and holm oaks , the only European forest of strawberry trees can be found here. Otherwise, bushes such as the mastic and the hairy thorny gorse dominate the rocky hills. In the north, the Ammos sandy beach is popularwith tourists for swimming, the tip of the southern part of the island is crowned by a lighthouse from 1892, which was automated in 1989, which made it unnecessary for people to stay on the island.
The small island of Bomba is located in front of a bay on the east coast of Sapientza called Porto Longo (Πόρτο Λόγγο), which has long been a natural anchorage for ships. The bay is known from a legend from the life of Saint Paul , according to which he was stranded here in a storm on his way to Rome.
Southeast of Dyo Adelfia mentioned ( "two sisters") small rocky islands off the southern coast Sapientzas is the deepest part of the Mediterranean Sea, known as the Calypso Deep , which takes its Greek name ( Frear ton Inousson Φρέαρ των Οινουσσών) contributes to the island group and the Greek Nestor -Institute is visited for research purposes.
On the relatively flat island of Agia Marina , next to the foundations of houses from the Venetian period, there is a little church of the holy Marina of Bithynia . The island is visited by pilgrims on the feast day of the saint, July 17th.
The rocky, inaccessible and rather sparsely overgrown rock island Schiza is a military training area for the Greek armed forces . Otherwise it is dominated by herds of goats.
Overview
Map with all coordinates: OSM | WikiMap
| Surname | Greek name | aging. Names | Area km² |
highest elev. | location |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sapientza | η Σαπιέντζα | Alt GR. Oinousa ( Οἰνοῦσα ) Italian Sapienza local Sakiotsa (Σακιότσα) |
9.018 | Foveri (219 m) | 36 ° 45 ′ 50 ″ N , 21 ° 42 ′ 6 ″ E |
| Bomba | η Μπόμπα | 0.05 | 36 ° 45 ′ 28 " N , 21 ° 42 ′ 30" E | ||
| Dyo Adelfia | τα Δύω Αδέλφια | 0.05 |
36 ° 44 ′ 7 " N , 21 ° 41 ′ 42" E 36 ° 44 ′ 11 " N , 21 ° 42 ′ 5" E |
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| Agia Marina | η Αγία Μαρίνα |
Agia Mariani (Αγιά Μαριανή) Italian Santa Marina |
0.5 | 36 ° 45 ′ 14 " N , 21 ° 44 ′ 28" E | |
| Schiza | η Σχίζα |
Karvera (Καρβέρα) Italian Cabrera (Καμπρέρα) |
12.13 | Vigla (202 m) | 36 ° 43 ′ 51 ″ N , 21 ° 46 ′ 1 ″ E |
| Venetiko | το Βενέτικο | Alt GR. Thēganoussa ( Θηγανοῦσσα ) | 1.013 | 36 ° 41 ′ 55 " N , 21 ° 53 ′ 14" E |
Web links
- Portrait of the islands on the pages of the municipality of Methoni (Greek / English)
- Etymology and history ( Memento from July 4, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Finikundas and the Inousses (Greek)
Individual evidence
- ↑ pause. 4 XXXVI 12
- ^ William Smith, Mahmoud Saba: Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography. London 1857, p. 350.
- ↑ Ernst Curtius: The Ionians before the Ionian migration. Berlin 1855, p. 25 f.
- ↑ Alexis Catsambis: Chapter II: A Brief History of Underwater Archeology in Greece In: Alexis Castambis: The Pursuit of Underwater Archeology in Greece: Past, Present and Future. BA dissertation. University of Birmingham, Institute for Archeology and Antiquity, 2003.
- ↑ a b Anna Avramea : Land and Sea Communications, Fourth-Fifteenth Centuries. In: Angeliki E. Laiou (Ed.): The Economic History of Byzantium: From the Seventh through the Fifteenth Century. Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collections, Washington DC 2002, pp. 57–90, p. 87. online ( Memento of March 4, 2008 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ a b c d e David Hannell: Lord Palmerston and the 'Don Pacifico Affair' of 1850: The Ionian Connection. In: European History Quarterly. Volume 19, 1989, pp. 495-507, p. 496. doi: 10.1177 / 026569148901900403
- ^ Jon V. Kofas: International and domestic politics in Greece during the Crimean War. University Presses of California, Columbia and Princeton, Boulder 1980, ISBN 0-914710-54-0 , p. 27.
- ↑ David Hannell: Lord Palmerston and the 'Don Pacifico Affair' of 1850: The Ionian Connection. In: European History Quarterly. Volume 19, 1989, pp. 495-507, p. 497. doi: 10.1177 / 026569148901900403
- ↑ David Hannell: Lord Palmerston and the 'Don Pacifico Affair' of 1850: The Ionian Connection. In: European History Quarterly. Volume 19, 1989, pp. 495-507, p. 498. doi: 10.1177 / 026569148901900403
- ^ A b Jon V. Kofas: International and domestic politics in Greece during the Crimean War. University Presses of California, Columbia and Princeton, Boulder 1980, ISBN 0-914710-54-0 , p. 35.
- ^ Pierer's Universal Lexicon. 4th edition. Altenburg 1857-1865, p. 615 f.
- ^ Nautical chart ( memento of February 2, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) on the presence of the Nestor Institute
- ↑ The data follow information on GTP
- ↑ Albert Forbiger: Handbook of ancient geography. Leipzig 1848, p. 1016.
- ^ A b c Charles Arnold (ed.): The islands of the Mediterranean . A unique and complete overview. 2nd Edition. marebuchverlag, Hamburg 2008, ISBN 3-86648-096-2 , p. 337 .