Iodine chloride

Structural formula
General
Surname	Iodine chloride
other names	Iodine monochloride Chloriodine
Molecular formula	ICl
Brief description	red-brown oil or ruby-red needle-shaped crystals
External identifiers / databases
CAS number 7790-99-0 EC number 232-236-7 ECHA InfoCard 100.029.306 PubChem 24640 ChemSpider 23042 Wikidata Q414607
properties
Molar mass	162.36 g mol −1
Physical state	fixed (α-shape) liquid (β-form)
density	3.1 g cm −3
Melting point	13.8 ° C (β-form) 27.38 ° C (α-form)
boiling point	94.4 ° C (decomposition)
solubility	Decomposes in water
safety instructions
GHS labeling of hazardous substances danger H and P phrases H: 314-335 P: 280-301 + 330 + 331-305 + 351 + 338-308 + 310
Thermodynamic properties
ΔH f 0	−23.8 kJ / mol
As far as possible and customary, SI units are used. Unless otherwise noted, the data given apply to standard conditions .

Iodine chloride (also iodine monochloride ) is an interhalogen compound , which consists of the elements iodine and chlorine . It was discovered in 1814 by Humphry Davy and also independently by Gay-Lussac .

Extraction and presentation

Iodine chloride can be made from the elements or by boiling iodine in aqua regia .

${\displaystyle \mathrm {I_{2}+Cl_{2}\longrightarrow 2\ ICl} }$

properties

Iodine chloride decomposes in water to form hydrogen chloride , iodic acid and iodine. The solid α-form has a pungent smell and is not very hygroscopic , it forms ruby-red needles. The metastable β-form is in the form of brown-red, rhombic panels.

use

Iodine chloride can be used for iodination . The iodine value can also be determined with an acetic acid iodine chloride solution ( Wijs method).

safety instructions

Iodine chloride is generally corrosive ; the vapors / aerosols cause coughing, dyspnoea and irritation of the mucous membranes. The lowest known lethal dose is 50 mg / kg body weight orally in rats, or 500 mg / kg when absorbed through the skin .

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b c d} Entry on iodine chlorides. In: Römpp Online . Georg Thieme Verlag, accessed on June 4, 2015.
2. ↑ ^{a b c} Entry on iodine chloride in the GESTIS substance database of the IFA , accessed on January 17, 2020(JavaScript required) .
3. ^ ^{A b c d e f} A. F. Holleman , E. Wiberg , N. Wiberg : Textbook of Inorganic Chemistry . 101st edition. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 1995, ISBN 3-11-012641-9 , p. 465.
4. ^ VH Wallingford and Paul A. Krueger: 5-Iodoanthranilic Acid In: Organic Syntheses . 19, 1939, p. 52, doi : 10.15227 / orgsyn.019.0052 ; Coll. Vol. 2, 1943, p. 349 ( PDF ).
5. ↑ Data sheet iodine chloride (PDF) from Merck , accessed on January 19, 2011.