Ion Inculeț

Ion Inculeț

Ion Constantin Inculeț ( Russian Iwan Konstantinowitsch Inkulez ) (* April 5, ^July 17  / April 17, 1884 ^greg. In Răzeni ; † November 18, 1940 in Bucharest ) was a scientist and politician of Romanian origin who was politically committed to his homeland, Bessarabia began.

Origin and life

Ion Inculeț comes from a Moldovan farming family in the village of Răzeni in Lăpușna district, which is now in the Ialoveni district . The father was Constantin Gheorghe (Russian Gheorghevici) Inculeț, the mother Mariei Nicolae (Russian Nicolaevna) Inculeț, geb. Ionaș, from the village of Căinari in what was then Tighina County , now in the Căușeni district. A few years after his birth, the family moved to Căinari, where his mother was born. In 1919 he married Ruxanda Cantacuzino, daughter of a wealthy landowner. The couple had two children, Ion and Georgel. Ion Inculeț's brother, George Inculeț, lived as a blacksmith in the village of Căinari. Ion Inculeț 's grandson, Pavel, was a Romanian administrator and married a Bessarabian German teacher. The family moved to Germany with the other Bessarabian Germans in 1940. Ion Inculeț died of heart disease in Bucharest in 1940 at the age of 56 and was buried in the Cernica Monastery in Ilfov County . During the Soviet invasion of Romania in 1944, his grave was desecrated. The cause was the anti-Romanian mood of the Soviets because of the Romanian participation in the Russian campaign . Today a street in the center of Chișinău is named after him. His wife Roxana Cantacuzino died on May 21, 1942 at the age of 50 in Bucharest. She was initially buried at his side in Cernica. In the 1940s both received a family grave in the 1942 to 1947 church in Bârnova not far from Iași , which their sons Ion and Georgel had built.

Scientific way

Ion Inculeț was self-taught from a young age . In 1899 he finished school. He first began studying at the theological seminary in Kishinev , which he finished in 1905 with the best grade. After that he enrolled as a student at the Estonian University of Tartu . From 1906 to 1911 he studied physics and mathematics at the Faculty of Science in Saint Petersburg and graduated with a diploma. In 1914 he held a position as a physicist at the Russian Weather Observatory. At the same time he was teaching mathematics at a business school. At the St. Petersburg University he held lectures on astronomy and mathematics as a private lecturer . From 1912 to 1917 he wrote a number of scientific treatises on the subjects of radioactivity , X-rays , Doppler effect , ionization of the atmosphere.

Political way

Russian revolution

As early as 1906 and 1907 Ion Inculeț took part in the Russian Revolution in Saint Petersburg , the revolutionary unrest in Tsarist Russia that lasted from 1905 to 1907. In the process he met Lenin , Trotsky and Kerensky . He later became attracted to the socialist ideas of the Russian February revolution of 1917 . Ion Inculeț was elected to the Petrograd Workers, Peasants and Soldiers Council. In August 1917 he went back to Kishinev. He wanted to play an active role in the beginning revolutionary events in his Bessarabian homeland.

Independence and union of Bessarabia

Declaration of affiliation between Bessarabia and Romania , signed by Ion Inculeț as president of Sfatul Țării in 1918

Ion Inculeț campaigned for the independence of Bessarabia early on. In 1906/07 he wrote articles under the pseudonym Ion Gandu for the newspaper Basarabia , the first Romanian- language newspaper in Bessarabia. Even later, in 1917, he sympathized with students in Saint Petersburg who made Bessarabian demands for autonomy. In 1917 he returned to Bessarabia and was elected President of the Sfatul Țării ( German: Landesrat ). That was a national plenary assembly of Bessarabia formed on November 2, 1917 in Kishinev , which was to determine the further fate of the former Russian governorate after the tsarist house was overthrown in the February 1917 revolution.

In December 1917, Ion Incule wurde, in his capacity as President of Sfatul Țării, became President of the Moldovan Democratic Republic , which had split off from the Russian Empire as an autonomous part. In January 1918 it was renamed the Moldovan Democratic Republic for a short time until the annexation to Romania was proclaimed in March 1918. When the Bessarabian-Romanian unification took place in November 1918, the National Council dissolved.

Romanian career

He then continued his political career in Romania. On October 10, 1918, he was elected a member of the Romanian Academy of Sciences. In the same year he became a member of the Romanian parliament and later also a senator. In 1923 he joined the “National Liberal Party” and was soon one of its most important representatives. The Romanian government appointed him to its cabinet as early as 1918, where he held several ministerial offices until 1940. He was Minister of State , Minister of Health and Social Affairs and Minister of the Interior . During the crisis in the summer of 1940 in Romania, he was reappointed as Minister of State. On June 28, the Soviet Union occupied Bessarabia and parts of Bukovina as a result of the Hitler-Stalin Pact .

Publications (selection)

• Spațiul și timpul în noua lumină științifică , Bucharest 1920, rum. Language, (space and time in the new light of science)
• Ma première rencontre avec Saint Aulaire , 1930, French Language, (My first encounter with Saint Aulaire)
• URSS , Bucharest 1932

literature

• Axel Hindemith: A Bessarabian German with prominent relatives, Waldemar Inkuletz from Emmental . In: Yearbook of Germans from Bessarabia , Heimatkalender 2008, Hannover 2008, ISBN 978-3-935027-07-6 , pp.? - ?.

Web links

• Entry in Enciclopedia României (Romanian)
• Biography on istoria.md (Romanian)
• Biography , Information and Documentation Center of the City of Chișinău (Romanian)
• Short biography (Romanian, French)
• Photo on the website of his place of birth (Romanian)
• Barnova burial site (Romanian)