Isabella Karle

Isabella Karle, 2009

Isabella Karle Helen (* 2. December 1921 as Isabella Helen Lugoski in Detroit , Michigan ; † 3. October 2017 in Alexandria , Virginia ) was an American physical chemist .

Life

Jerome and Isabella Karle retired in July 2009 after working together for 127 years at the Naval Research Laboratory .

Isabella Lugoski's parents, Zygmunt and Elizabeth Lugoski, were Polish immigrants who attached great importance to a good education for their daughter. After a semester at Wayne State University in Detroit, Isabella moved to the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor , where she earned a bachelor's degree in chemistry in 1941 and graduated with a master's degree in 1942 . In the same year she married the later Nobel Prize winner in chemistry, Jerome Karle . The couple had three daughters. Jerome and Isabella Karle both received a Ph.D. from Lawrence Olin Brockway in 1944. , Isabella in physical chemistry ( The structure of biphenyl, o-terphenyl and tetraphenylene ). Then both worked briefly on the Manhattan Project at the University of Chicago . Isabella Karle became the first female faculty member at the University of Michigan before joining the Naval Research Laboratory in Washington, DC with her husband in 1946 . Isabella Karle took over in 1959 the management of the local Department of XRD (X-ray Diffraction) . The Karles stayed with the Naval Research Laboratory for over 60 years before both retired in 2009 by Secretary of State for the Navy, Ray Mabus .

Act

Isabella Karle published numerous papers on electron and X-ray diffraction as well as X-ray crystallography , with the help of which she was able to elucidate the chemical structure of numerous organic and inorganic compounds , including complex natural substances such as steroids , toxins and ion channels . In doing so , she was able to achieve significant improvements in crystallography, including the Symbolic Addition Procedure , and thus had a significant influence on the practice of organic and inorganic chemistry. Isabella Karle has published more than 350 papers in scientific journals.

Awards (selection)

• 1976 Garvan-Olin Medal of the American Chemical Society
• 1978 membership in the National Academy of Sciences
• 1984 Chemical Pioneer Award
• 1988 Gregori Aminoff Prize
• 1992 membership in the American Philosophical Society
• 1993 membership in the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
• 1993 Bower Award and Prize for Achievement in Science from the Franklin Institute
• 1995 National Medal of Science
• 1995 NAS Award in Chemical Sciences
• 1998 Ralph F. Hirschmann Award in Peptide Chemistry from the American Chemical Society
• 2009 Distinguished Civilian Service Award

Isabella Karle has received eight honorary doctorates ( University of Athens , Jagiellonian University Krakow, Harvard University , University of Pennsylvania , University of Michigan , University of Maryland , Georgetown University , Wayne State University ).

literature

• István Hargittai, Magdolna Hargittai: Isabella L. Karle. In: Candid Science VI. More Conversations with Famous Scientists. Imperial College Press, 2006, ISBN 978-1-86094-694-3 , pp. 403 ff.

Web links

Commons : Isabella Karle  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

• Isabella Helen Lugoski Karle at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln (unl.edu); Retrieved July 31, 2011
• Inventor of the Week. Isabella Karle. X-ray crystallography at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (mit.edu); Retrieved July 31, 2011

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Isabella L. Karle, chemist who helped reveal structure of molecules, dies at 95 , Washington Post , accessed October 21, 2017.
2. ↑ biographical data, publications and Academic pedigree of Isabella L. Karle at academictree.org, accessed on February 15 2018th
3. ↑ Jerome and Isabella Karle Retire from NRL Following Six Decades of Scientific Exploration. Press release of the Naval Research Laboratory (nrl.navy.mil) of July 21, 2009 ( Memento of June 9, 2011 in the Internet Archive ).
4. ^ Chemical Pioneer Award Winners at the American Institute of Chemists (theaic.org); Retrieved July 31, 2011.
5. ^ Isabella L Karle at the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences (kva.se); Retrieved July 30, 2011
6. ↑ Dr. Isabella L. Karle at the American Philosophical Society (amphilsoc.org); Retrieved August 1, 2011.
7. ↑ Book of Members 1780 – present, Chapter K. (PDF; 670 kB) In: American Academy of Arts and Sciences (amacad.org). Retrieved September 12, 2019 . 
8. ↑ Isabella L. Karle at the Franklin Institute (fi.edu); Retrieved July 31, 2011.
9. ^ Isabella L. Karle at the National Science Foundation (nsf.gov); Retrieved July 31, 2011.
10. ^ NAS Award in Chemical Sciences from the National Academy of Sciences (nasonline.org); accessed on January 14, 2016.
11. ^ Ralph F. Hirschmann Award in Peptide Chemistry. In: acs.org. Retrieved February 9, 2016 .