Italian ox tongue

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Italian ox tongue
Anchusa azurea Habitus 12May2009 DehesaBoyaldePuertollano.jpg

Italian ox tongue ( Anchusa azurea )

Systematics
Euasterids I
Family : Boraginaceae (Boraginaceae)
Subfamily : Boraginoideae
Tribe : Boragineae
Genre : Ox tongues ( anchusa )
Type : Italian ox tongue
Scientific name
Anchusa azurea
Mill.

The Italian ox tongue ( Anchusa azurea ) is a plant from the genus of violets ( Anchusa ) within the family of Boraginaceae (Boraginaceae).

description

Habit, leaves and flowers
Inflorescence, the indument is clearly visible
Radially symmetrical, five-fold flower in detail
Klausen
illustration

Vegetative characteristics

The Italian ox tongue grows as a perennial herbaceous plant and reaches heights of 30 to 80, rarely up to 100 centimeters. The gray, stiffly upright, strongly branched and stem -round stem is hairy protruding ( trichomes ). The stem leaves are not or hardly stalked.

Generative characteristics

The flowering period extends from May to September. The stalked flowers stand together in large double coils.

The hermaphroditic flowers are radial symmetry and five-fold with a double flower envelope . The five 6 to 10 millimeters long sepals are only fused at their base and by the time of fruiting they lengthen to up to 18 millimeters. The five vivid sky-blue petals form a corolla with a diameter of 8 to, usually 10 to 15 millimeters. The throat scales are elongated and bearded hairy.

The Klaus fruit disintegrates into four 6 to 10 millimeter long partial fruits.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 32.

Occurrence

The Italian ox tongue is native to Macaronesia , northern Africa, southern, central and eastern Europe, western and central Asia , Pakistan and the Caucasus, and is a neophyte in North America and South Africa . The main distribution area of the Italian ox tongue is the Mediterranean area . In Central Europe it is occasionally grown as an ornamental plant, and it is local, but mostly not permanently, overgrown from culture. The Italian ox tongue occurs in Alsace , Ticino , Graubünden and Austria . In Germany , the Italian ox tongue occurs in Baden-Württemberg , Rhineland-Palatinate , Hesse , Central Thuringia , northwestern Saxony , Saxony-Anhalt , Lower Saxony and Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania .

The Italian ox tongue thrives best on dry, not necessarily lime-free , but nitrogen-rich , loose soils in climate-favored locations.

Taxonomy

Anchusa azurea was first published in 1768 by the English gardener Philip Miller (1691–1771) in The Gardeners Dictionary , 8th edition, Anchusa no. 9 . The specific epithet azurea refers to the blue petals. Synonyms for Anchusa azurea Mill. Are: Anchusa italica Retz. , Buglossum italicum (Retz.) Tausch , Anchusa biceps Vest , Anchusa macrocarpa Boiss. & High. , Anchusa macrophylla Lam. , Anchusa paniculata Aiton , Buglossum vulgare exchange .

Toxicity

This article or the following section is not adequately provided with supporting documents ( e.g. individual evidence ). Information without sufficient evidence could be removed soon. Please help Wikipedia by researching the information and including good evidence.

The Italian ox tongue probably contains pyrrolizidine alkaloids , which are liver toxins and are carcinogenic.

literature

  • Ruprecht Düll , Herfried Kutzelnigg : Pocket dictionary of plants in Germany and neighboring countries. The most common Central European species in portrait. 7th, corrected and enlarged edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2011, ISBN 978-3-494-01424-1 .
  • Henning Haeupler , Thomas Muer: picture atlas of the fern and flowering plants of Germany (= the fern and flowering plants of Germany. Volume 2). 2nd, corrected and enlarged edition. Published by the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2007, ISBN 978-3-8001-4990-2 .
  • Eckehart J. Jäger (ed.): Excursion flora from Germany. Vascular plants: baseline . Founded by Werner Rothmaler. 20th, revised and expanded edition. Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Heidelberg 2011, ISBN 978-3-8274-1606-3 .
  • Dietmar Aichele, Heinz-Werner Schwegler: The flowering plants of Central Europe . 2nd Edition. tape 4 : Nightshade plants to daisy plants . Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-440-08048-X .

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp.  784 .
  2. ^ Anchusa in Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved November 15, 2017.

Web links

Commons : Italian ox tongue ( Anchusa azurea )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files