Ivo Puhonny
Ivo Puhonny (born July 19, 1876 in Baden-Baden , † February 6, 1940 in Stuttgart ) was a German graphic artist and puppeteer . His father was the renowned landscape painter Victor Puhonny . Ivo Puhonny made a name for himself primarily through his advertising and commercial graphics and through his founding of the Baden-Baden artist-puppet theater in 1911.
life and work
Graphics and painting
Puhonny studied from 1896 to 1899 at the Academy of Fine Arts with Robert Poetzelberger and traveled to Paris at the age of 24 to consolidate and deepen his graphic talents. Travel to East Asia with knowledge of Japanese art and culture influenced him into old age. The model of the advertising and poster painter Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec justified his desire to devote himself to advertising and commercial graphics.
In 1902 he began working as a freelance commercial artist in his parents' house in Baden-Baden. Soon he designed the field of publication for local hotels and companies, from letterheads to newspaper advertisements to advertising posters.
Orders from tourism institutions followed. Puhonny's reputation as an artist grew rapidly. After he took part in competitions, large national companies such as Sunlicht , Meßmer-Tee , the Sektkellerei Kupferberg or the North German Lloyd Bremen were soon among his clients. In addition to advertisements, he designed sheets of pictures for Palmin that were sold in large numbers.
His most important client was the A. Batschari cigarette factory . It helped him to get a regular income until about 1930. His responsibilities included designing new brands of cigarettes for the company - all the way through developing the entire advertising strategy - including packaging materials and the appearance of stalls.
Ivo Puhonny has designed illustrations for numerous books (see list below). In addition, numerous ex libris were created in small editions as lithographs and - more rarely - visiting cards as etchings . There was a clear influence of Art Nouveau . One of his particularly large-scale works as a painter was the interior design of the rooms in the Baden-Baden Hotel Stephanie .
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In 1914 the city of Baden-Baden commissioned him to design ten advertising stamps for war welfare . His pen drawings of peace symbols for this are kept in simple, memorable imagery.
In the twenties - in times of great inflation - Ivor Pudhonny was commissioned to create a draft for emergency money for the Baden region.
His commercial estate is in the Museum of Art and Industry in Hamburg . There are 600 different sheets of paper - drawings, lithographs and proofs. They give an insight into the diverse activities of a graphic designer in the first third of the 20th century.
Puppet show
Like many artists of his time, Puhonny was a friend of puppet and marionette play, but with Puhonny this friendship went beyond passive admiration. In 1911 he founded his Baden-Baden artist puppet theater based on the model of the Munich Marionette Theater of Josef Leonhard Schmid (Munich's famous "Papa Schmid") . Puhonny himself designed and carved the figures, his wife Linda created the costumes, and both were responsible for the set design. Some of his pieces - such as his version of Faust - appeared in print and were acted out by other puppeteers. In winter, Puhonny left his stationary theater and successfully went on guest tours with challenging performances.
Larger parts of his puppetry legacy are now in the puppet theater collection of the Munich City Archives.
Private life
Since 1905 Puhonny was married to his childhood sweetheart Linda, with whom he had two daughters, Eva and Doris. Doris - later married to the illustrator Friedrich Böer - also worked as an artist herself. His circle of friends included the artists and writers Else Lasker-Schüler , Otto Flake , Klabund , Emil Orlik , Renée Sintenis , Carl Sternheim and Emil Rudolf Weiß . The Puhonny family lived in modest circumstances. Puhonny was traumatized by various experiences and impressions during the First World War and was prone to severe depression at times. Nevertheless, after the war he turned back to humorous puppet play and also accompanied the Baden-Baden Carnival artistically.
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The emergence of National Socialism deeply irritated Puhonny. Jewish friends left the country or killed themselves, which added to Puhonny's depressive tendencies. His foreign-sounding name and the socially critical tenor of many of his graphic works meant that Puhonny's art was increasingly sidelined. "Prohibited or officially degenerate " artists reviled he did not belong.
Puhonny died on February 6, 1940 after a stroke in a sanatorium in Stuttgart-Möhringen, suffering from health problems for a long time.
literature
- Yearbook of the Museum of Art and Crafts Hamburg Volume 9/10. Production: Offizin Paul Hartung, Hamburg 1993. ISBN 3-923859-19-8 , p. 395ff.
Book publications (selection)
- Neundörfer, Ludwig: Heidelberg as it was and as it is , Essen 1936. Cover and text illustrations by Puhonny
- Holle, Luise: Türk & Pabst's recipes for fine and traditional cuisine , Frankfurt / Main, no year (around 1925). Cover illustration by Puhonny
- Otto Flake : Christa (children's novel), Berlin 1931. Title vignette by Puhonny
See also
Web links
- “Ivo Puhonny” site of the city of Baden-Baden
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Puhonny, Ivo |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | German graphic artist and puppeteer |
| DATE OF BIRTH | July 19, 1876 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Baden-Baden |
| DATE OF DEATH | February 6, 1940 |
| Place of death | Stuttgart |