Jacob de Graeff
Jacob de Graeff , heer van Purmerland en Ilpendam (born June 28, 1642 in Amsterdam ; † April 21, 1690 ibid) was a Dutch aristocrat of the Dutch Golden Age , descending from the De Graeff family.
His political attitude was characteristic of his family: on the one hand libertine and state-minded, on the other hand, if only to a limited extent, loyal to the Orange people . De Graeff had intimate contact with statesmen Johan de Witt and Wilhelm III. von Orange and the writer Joost van den Vondel confessed.
Life
Young years
Jacob came from the family branch of the city lords of Amsterdam . His parents were the statesman and Amsterdam regent Cornelis de Graeff and Catharina Hooft ; Pieter de Graeff was his older brother. The family was related to an important patrician family in Holland, so Jacob was also the cousin of Johan de Witt via his mother. It is not clear whether Jacob enjoyed his upbringing from Johann Amos Comenius like his brother Pieter .
In 1648 Jacob's father Cornelis acted as the initiator for the construction of the new town house Op de Dam . After the peace treaty in Münster , the city of Amsterdam - as the center of Holland - wanted to underpin its new power with a representative seat of government. Here Jacob appeared as one of the four laying the foundation stone, his shovel decorated with his coat of arms is now in the collections of the Amsterdam Rijksmuseum . The history and the year of this first stone laying was recorded by Cornelis de Graeff on a black marble slab in one of the courtrooms in Latin script:
On October 29, 1648, the year in which the war ended, which the united Low German peoples and the three powerful Philipps, the kings of Spain, waged on land and sea in almost all parts of the world for more than 80 years after the patriotic freedom and freedom of belief had been secured, the excellent mayor Gerb. Pancras, Jac. de Graef, Sib. Valchenier Pet. Schaep, sons and blood relatives of the mayor laid the foundation for this town hall by laying the foundation stone.
Holland's well-known poet Joost van den Vondel wrote his poem Bouwzang for the occasion .
Steps into politics
In 1660 Jacob's father and Johan de Witt chaired a commission of the Dutch States General , through which Cornelis de Graeff, De Witt and Gillis Valckenier became the guardians of Prince Wilhelm III. ordered by Orange-Nassau , the child of the state . The young prince spent the summers at the Graeffschen estate in Soestdijk , together with the brothers Jacob and Pieter, with whom he played at the ponds in the park. When Maria Henrietta Stuart and Wilhelm III. in Amsterdam in 1660 De Graeff was canceled as the Prince's personal escort during their stay. In 1661 Van den Vondel dedicated his Adonias to the young Jacob . Jacob received his doctorate in law from the University of Harderwijk in 1662 .
Since his mother was against marrying a member of the regent family of the Pauw , she even enlisted the help of her nephew Johan de Witt to get her son Jacob married to Anna Christina Pauw van Bennebroek, the only daughter of the President of the Hofes van Holland , Adriaen Pauw , to prevent. As a result, Jacob married Maria van der Does in 1666 , who died three months after their wedding. There were no children from this marriage. In 1667 Jacob was appointed commissioner for maritime affairs (navy and trade) in Amsterdam and military commander (the civil guard ) of Amsterdam. In 1671 Jacob became regent of the civic orphanage and captain of the Amsterdam civic guard. In 1672 he entered the Amsterdam city government as a Schepen (lay judge) . In Rampjaar 1672 a part of the republican-minded faction of the De Graeff , including Jacob, his brother Pieter, their uncle Andries de Graeff and their cousin Mayor Lambert Reynst , was excluded from the government. This resolution of the Vroedschap was one of the prerequisites for the reinstatement of a governor in Holland.
After the rampjaar
After the events of the Rampjaar, Jacob sought the favor of the new governor Wilhelm III. of Orange-Nassau and Amsterdam's new powerful regent, Gillis Valckenier . Together with his nephew Gerard Reynst , Jacob moved into the battles of Reibach near Bonn as Rittmeister on the side of the Dutch troops in 1673/74 . He told his brother Pieter about the various incidents of the fighting. In 1885 these were published in Nijhoff's Bijdragen . However, he and his brother Pieter were never again favored by the governor. But neither could Wilhelm III. in the attempt to occupy the once again headstrong Amsterdam city government with his confidants rely on Jacob's help.
In 1674 Jacob sold the Soestdijk country house to Willem III. The Orange governor-king had his hunting lodge built there by Maurit's post . In the same year Jacob appeared as the owner of a fortune of 260,000 guilders ; thus he was one of the richest people of the Dutch Golden Age . In 1678 he inherited the free (or high) rule of Purmerland and Ilpendam through his aunt Maria Overlander van Purmerland .
Jacob died in 1690. He was buried in the family vault in the Oude Kerk .
painting
There are individual portraits of Jacob, created by Gerard ter Borch and Karel Dujardin . Furthermore, he was represented in 1652 together with his parents and his brother by Jan Victors as patriarch Isaak and Rebekka and his children Esau and Jacob . Another depiction by Jacob van Ruisdael and Thomas de Keyser shows him driving up with his parents and other family members in front of the De Graeffschen Landhaus Soestdijk.
Web links
- Portrait of Jakob de Graeffs, Rijksmuseum Amsterdam
- Detailed sketch of the silver shovel laying the foundation stone of the Amsterdam City House, Rijksmuseum Amsterdam
- De Graeff's silver shovel at the laying of the foundation stone of the Amsterdam Palais Op de Dam (nl)
- Biography of Jakob de Graeff in the DBNL (nl)
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c Jacob de Graeff in Heren van Holland
- ↑ Pieter C. Vies: Andries de Graeff (1611-1678) 't Gezagh is heerelyk: but vol get. P. 29/30 ( Memento of the original from March 1, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 2.7 MB)
- ↑ Google book search: Johann Jakob Redinger: 1619-1688, pages 329/330
- ^ Dedalo Carasso, Heroes van het vaderland in the DBNL
- ↑ The shovel of the first stone laying for the construction of the Amsterdam town house, Rijksmuseum Amsterdam ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ 1648: War and Peace in Europe - The Amsterdam City Hall
- ↑ Joost van den Vondels (1587–1679) poem Bouwzang ( Memento from October 17, 2013 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Jacob de Graeff's mother, Catharina Hooft in Vrouwen van Soestdijk ( Memento of the original from July 24, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Acquisitions, 1953-62, p. 73 (National Gallery Great Britain)
- ↑ Joost van den Vondels Adonias
- ↑ a b c d e f biography Jacob de Graeff - Nieuw Nederlandsch biografisch woordenboek. Deel 2
- ↑ Google Book Search: Dispereert niet: twintig eeuwen historie van de Nederlanden, Volume 2
- ↑ http://www.biografischportaal.nl, Jacob de Graeff
- ↑ Rijksbureau voor Kunsthistorische Documentatie ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Pieter C. Vies: Andries de Graeff (1611–1678) 't Gezagh is heerelyk: but vol get. Page 13 ( Memento of the original from March 1, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 2.7 MB)
- ↑ Zandvliet, Kees (2006) De 250 rijksten van de Gouden Eeuw: capital, power, familie en levensstijl
- ^ Description of his grave in the Graves on the Internet project
| predecessor | Office | successor |
|---|---|---|
| Maria Overlander ( widow of Frans Banning Cocq ) |
Lord of Purmerland and Ilpendam 1678–1690 |
Catharina Hooft (1690/91) and Pieter de Graeff |
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Graeff, Jacob de |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Lord of Ilpendam and Purmerland, Lord of the Castle of Ilpenstein |
| DATE OF BIRTH | June 28, 1642 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Amsterdam |
| DATE OF DEATH | April 21, 1690 |
| Place of death | Amsterdam |