Jacques Alexandre François Allix de Vaux

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Jacques Alexandre François Allix de Vaux
Date of birth December 21, 1768
place of birth Percy
date of death January 26, 1836
Place of death Courcelles (Nièvre)
Age of death 67
origin FranceFrance France
Activities) Soldier and military commander
Branch of service artillery
Highest military rank Division general in the Kingdom of Westphalia
Awards Order of Merit of the French Legion of Honor

Jacques Alexandre François Allix de Vaux (born December 21, 1768 in Percy , a municipality in the Normandy region, † January 26, 1836 in the French municipality of Courcelles on Château de Bazarnes ) was a general during the French Revolution and Count of Freudenthal . He fought in the armies of the first French republic and the Kingdom of Westphalia and participated in the development of artillery systems throughout his military career. In addition, Allix wrote various works on artillery and a translation of Vittorio Alfieri's work De la tyrannie .

Private life

family

The father of Jacques Alexandre François Allix de Vaux was Paul Emile Allix de Vaux . He taught as a teacher at a military school and was instrumental in the early education of Jacques Alexandre François Allix de Vaux. His mother was Laure Allix de Vaux.

Allix married his wife Louise Françoise‌ Cécile Morillon de Bazarne on April 6, 1801 in the church of Saint-Phillipe du Roule in Paris. He had two children: a son, Jean-François, and a daughter, Françoise Catherine Paris.

Freudenthal

In the course of a forced sale initiated by Jérôme Bonaparte to acquire funds, Allix de Vaux bought a manor located in Freudenthal from the Syndic of the Teutonic Order , Christian Friedrich Heimbach, on April 25, 1813 . In a survey published in 1813, Freudenthal is characterized as a 'church village' and was therefore of manageable size. His appointment as Count of Freudenthal by Bonaparte followed after Kassel was later taken back . After only four months in his possession, however, he already gave the property back to a priest at a lower price for lease with the assurance of some privileges. In 1814, after the end of the Kingdom of Westphalia , the re-established Elector Wilhelm I confiscated the estate .

Following his brief possession, a lawsuit brought by Allix sparked an intense legal dispute that was not settled until 1840. During his time in exile in Hesse after his exile, Allix lodged a complaint with the Bundestag of the German Confederation on May 1, 1817, asking for his reinstatement as a Freudenthal landowner. Before the Bundestag, no settlement could be reached with the Hessian envoy, which forced Allix to take legal action.

Allix officially brought his action before the competent courts in 1821. As a result, a lawsuit was brought before the responsible Hessian judiciary, but the proceedings dragged on for several decades and could not be officially settled even before Allix's death in 1836. It was not until 1840 that his children were able to register as owners of the property in the land register, after the court recognized them as owners.

Writing activity

In addition to his role in political life as a military and short-term landowner, Jacques Alexandre Allix de Vaux was also active in literature. As early as 1814 he was the author of the six-page text Ordre et instruction pour les officiers commandant la levée en masse , in which he sought to formulate instructions for revolutionary officers during an uprising. In 1818, while in exile in Westphalia, he wrote and published the text Théorie de l'Univers , which was published in German as the New System of the World . In addition, the translation De la tyrannie of the Italian tragedy Della tirannide by the playwright and enlightener Vittorio Alfieri into his French mother tongue from 1831 stands out, which fell out of the complex of his mostly military subjects.

In addition to these works, Allix de Vaux was responsible for three other texts: In 1827 he published Système d'artillerie de campagne du lieutenant-général Allix, comparé avec les systèmes du comité d'artillerie de France, de Gribeauval, et de l'an XI , in which he tried to draw a comparison between his field battle strategy as commanding artilleryman and the Gribeauval strategy prevailing in France at the time. Battaile de Paris then dealt with the eponymous battle for Paris in the course of the July Revolution of 1830 , en juillet 1830 , even if there is no stipulation of the drafting here. He also wrote the pamphlet électoral pour la justification de Me Dupin, ou Lettre du lieut.-général Allix, à son ami Victor, maréchal-des-logis au 16e régiment de chasseurs à cheval, en garnison à Villefranche (29 June 1831) narrated, a letter of recommendation for the son of Marshal Dupin mentioned in the title.

After this letter, Jacques Alexandre Allix de Vaux cannot be assigned any further works.

The military career

Beginning of the military career

Jacques Alexandre François Allix de Vaux was a trained blacksmith and began his military career in the royal French artillery department in 1784 as Élève . From 1792 he fought in the first wars of the French Revolution in the revolutionary Northern Army and stood out at the siege of Luxembourg (1794–1795). Also in 1795 he was promoted to Sous-lieutenant and a year later to Colonel .

In 1799 he became regimental commander in the French army and distinguished himself the following year in the course of the attack on Verona and in the battle for Marengo . His potentially subsequent military rise was delayed by Napoleon's coup in the coup d'état of 18th Brumaire VIII , so in 1804 he was forced to resign and resign from the French army.

The military career in the Kingdom of Westphalia

On July 26, 1808 Allix entered the military service in the army of the Kingdom of Westphalia as General Director of the Artillery and Genius Corps. In early October he rose to the rank of brigadier general of the Kingdom of Westphalia and four years later, on April 15, 1812, Allix became major general. On March 20, 1812 he was appointed commander of the Artillery and Genius Corps in the 8th Army Corps of Napoleon's Grande Armée for the Russian campaign, shortly afterwards promoted to Général de division . In October of the same year he was awarded the Order of Merit of the French Legion of Honor .

Service in the French army and exile

From February 26, 1814 Jacques Alexandre Allix de Vaux entered the military as Général de division. He fought during the rule of the Hundred Days of France in Champagne and commanded the troops of the 1st Division in the 1st Corps of the Armée du Nord in the 1815 campaign , but did not take part in these battles himself. Contrary to popular belief, Allix was not a participant in the Battle of Waterloo . His place as commander of the 1st Infantry Division under Jean-Baptiste Drouet d'Erlon was taken there by Joachim-Jérôme Quiot du Passage , but Allix himself was tasked with the defense of Saint Denis after the battle .

After the fall of Napoleon Bonaparte, Allix was on July 24, 1815 by order of the new King Louis XVIII. arrested and banished from France along with 56 other people by royal decree on December 23, 1815. Towards the end of 1818 he was allowed to return to France from his exile in Westphalia. On January 1, 1819, he was added to the list of retired generals. Allix wrote various writings before his final discharge from service in 1831. Jacques Alexandre Francois Allix de Vaux died on April 29, 1836 in Courcelles (Nièvre).

Allix and the defense of Kassel

The Russian campaign in 1812 - the prehistory

Allix was by his appointment as commander of the artillery and genius corps of particular importance for the 8th Army Corps during the Russian campaign. After a heavy defeat in the course of the persecution of the Russian general Pyotr Ivanovich Bagration by Jérôme Bonaparte, the troops were in a battered condition when it came to the battle of Borodino on September 7, 1812 . There General Allix received great recognition from the French and Westphalian sides for his services as commander of the Westphalian troops, but was injured during the battle. This was followed by the heavy withdrawal of the Napoleonic side from Russia, in which Allix was forced to leave many of the artillery pieces under his control near Smolensk on Mount Valutina-Gora because of the weather. Due to the great losses during the campaign, he was one of the few to return to Kassel.

The defense and reoccupation of Kassel

In 1813 Allix was entrusted with the defense of the capital Kassel and also took on the role of governor of the royal artillery and genius school in Kassel. Although he had it printed in the Moniteur Westphalien on September 29, the day after their publication , that the Russian reconnaissance troops had been emphatically repulsed, the success was short-lived. The defense of the city failed due to the severely decimated troops and materials from the Russian campaign and at the beginning of October, after negotiations with the Russian commander Czernicheff in the Oberneustadt town hall, the surrender was signed by both sides in front of the Cologne Gate. As a result, the rest of the Kassel military disintegrated and deserted.

While the latter was withdrawing from Kassel via Dörnberg, one of the rebels against French rule, Alexander Dotting, shot Allix. After the failed assassination attempt, Allix arrived in Marburg on October 2, 1813 , where he was commissioned by Jérôme Bonaparte to reoccupy Kassel. He was also appointed lieutenant de roi , a royal lieutenant and governor, which earned him extensive powers that he used during the reoccupation. With 400 to 500 riders, he set out for Kassel on October 5, 1813 and reached the city two days later. With the departure of the Russian General Czernicheff , the city could be reoccupied without great difficulty. On the following day (October 8, 1813) Allix published a falsified report in the Moniteur Westphalien, which was supposed to crush the existing hope of liberation, and was active with an infantry corps of 2,000 men within Kassel. There was a general fear of Allix de Vaux 'and Napoleon's revenge after the withdrawal of the Russian troops, a citizen of the city described Allix as “[...] a violent man who was only too concerned about the Residents have to complain about and will certainly make an example. "

On October 11th and 12th, 1813, there were several arrests of mostly former Hessian state officials, who were punished severely. Also on October 12, Allix published articles from the military penal code to threaten impending sentences. Two days later Allix issued a threatening decree against villages not to hand over deserters and traitors; however, only a few of the surrounding villages actually turned over people. On October 16, Jérôme Bonaparte returned to Kassel and confessed to the harsh punishments imposed by Allix, and on October 18, all the decrees of the royal lieutenant Allix were confirmed by the king. As a reward for the reoccupation of the capital Kassel, Allix was appointed Count von Freudenthal, and the king also gave him a pension of 6000 francs.

After the defeat of the French in the Battle of Nations near Leipzig , the king planned to withdraw from Kassel on October 25th, and on October 24th, 1813, there was a dispute between Allix and the king about positions of power. It was reported that Allix had insulted the king, who then dismissed him and withdrew the title and the donation of 6000 francs.

Web links

Works

  • Ordre et instruction pour les officiers commandant la levée en masse. Auxerre 1814. 7 pages.
  • New system of the universe. Frankfurt a. M. 1817. 270 pages.
  • Théorie de l'Univers. Paris 1818.
  • Système d'artillerie de campagne du lieutenant-général Allix, comparé avec les systèmes du comité d'artillerie de France, de Gribeauval, et de l'an XI. Anselin et Pochard, Paris 1827.
  • De la tyranny. A. Leclaire, Paris 1830 (translation by Vittorio Alfieri : Della tirannide).
  • Battaile en Paris, en Juliet 1830. 1830. 40 pages.
  • Pamphlet électoral pour la justification de Me Dupin, ou Lettre du lieut.-général Allix, à son ami Victor, maréchal-des-logis au 16e régiment de chasseurs à cheval, en garnison à Villefranche (29 June 1831). 1831. 25 pages.

literature

  • Jacques-Olivier Boudon: Histoire du Consulat et de l'Empire (1799-1815) . Perrin, Paris 2003.
  • Fritz Lünsmann: The Army of the Kingdom of Westphalia 1807-1813 . C. Leddihn Verlag, Berlin 1935.
  • Arthur Kleinschmidt: History of the Kingdom of Westphalia . Gotha 1893.
  • Paul Lindsay Dawson: Napoleon's artillery: System AnXI 1803-1827 . 1st edition. Lulu.com, 2011, ISBN 978-1-4467-0611-4 , pp. 1-27 .

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Paul Lindsay Dawson: Napoleon's artillery: System AnXI 1803-1827 . 1st edition. Lulu.com, 2011, ISBN 978-1-4467-0611-4 , pp. 21 .
  2. ^ A b The Artillery of the Kingdom of Westphalia 1807-1813 Article for the conference proceedings of the workshop "Armies of the Rhine Confederation - Kingdom of Westphalia" in Kassel on April 19, 2008 by Martin Klöffler. Retrieved July 2, 2016.
  3. ↑ Jacques Alexandre François Allix de Vaux: Système d'artillerie de campagne du lieutenant-général Allix, comparé avec les systèmes du comité d'artillerie de France de Gribeauval, et de l'an XI . Anselin et Pochard, 1827.
  4. ^ De la tyrannie, Vittorio Alfieri, traduction de Jacques-Alexandre-François Allix, A. Leclaire, Paris 1831.
  5. ↑ Information on the Allix - De Cambourg family group. Retrieved July 2, 2016.
  6. ^ Georg Hassel: Statistical Repertory on the Kingdom of Westphalia . Braunschweig, S. 34 .
  7. ↑ Hessisches Staatsarchiv Marburg, inventory 266 Kassel, No. 820
  8. ^ A b Reclamation of Lieutenant General Allix against His Royal Highness the Elector of Hesse, because of dismissal from the possession of the Freudenthal estate . In: Subsequent acts of the German federal negotiations as an appendix to the minutes of the Federal Assembly. tape 3 , no. 2 . Frankfurt am Main 1818, p. 137 - 145 ( google.de ).
  9. ↑ Hessisches Staatsarchiv Marburg, inventory 266 Kassel, No. 820
  10. ↑ George Six: Dictionnaire biographique des généraux et amiraux français de la Révolution et de l'Empire (1792-1814) . George Saffroy, Paris 1934, pp. 10-11.
  11. ^ A b Paul Lindsay Dawson: Napoleon's artillery: System AnXI 1803-1827 . 1st edition. Lulu.com, 2011, ISBN 978-1-4467-0611-4 , pp. 12 .
  12. ↑ LH / 24/34, base Léonore - site of the French Ministry of Culture and Communication. Retrieved July 4, 2016.
  13. ↑ Christopher Summerville: Who was who at Waterloo: A Biography of the Battle . Routledge, New York 2013, p. 9. ( limited preview in Google Book search)
  14. ^ Arthur Kleinschmidt: History of the Kingdom of Westphalia . Gotha 1893, p. 526-258 .
  15. ^ Arthur Kleinschmidt: History of the Kingdom of Westphalia . Gotha 1893, p. 622-636 .
  16. ^ Arthur Kleinschmidt: VI. From the last days of the Kingdom of Westphalia . In: Association for Hessian History and Regional Studies (Hrsg.): Journal of the Association for Hessian History and Regional Studies . No. 16 (1891) . Commissionsverlag A. Freyschmidt, Kassel 1891, p. 254 .
  17. ^ Arthur Kleinschmidt: IV. About the last days of the Kingdom of Westphalia . In: Association for Hessian History and Regional Studies (Hrsg.): Journal of the Association for Hessian History and Regional Studies . tape 16 (1891) . Commissionsverlag A. Freyschmidt, Kassel 1891, p. 256 .
  18. ↑ Geschichts- und Heimatverein Habichtswald eV (Ed.): From brown coal mining in Habichtswald to Spain - Wilhelm Philipp Daniel Schulz (1805-1877) . 1st edition. epubli GmbH, 2012, ISBN 978-3-8442-1867-1 , p. 28 .
  19. ^ A b Arthur Kleinschmidt: VI. From the last days of the Kingdom of Westphalia . In: Association for Hessian History and Regional Studies (Hrsg.): Journal of the Association for Hessian History and Regional Studies . tape 16 (1891) . Commissionsverlag A. Freyschmidt, Kassel 1891, p. 268 .
  20. ^ Arthur Kleinschmidt: IV. About the last days of the Kingdom of Westphalia . In: Association for Hessian History and Regional Studies (Hrsg.): Journal of the Association for Hessian History and Regional Studies . tape 16 (1891) . Commissionsverlag A. Freyschmidt, Kassel 1891, p. 269 f .
  21. ^ Arthur Kleinschmidt: History of the Kingdom of Westphalia . Friedrich Andreas Berthes, Gotha 1893, p. 638.
  22. ↑ a b "Le moniteur Westphalien No. 276". Imprimerie Royale, Kassel 1813. pp. 1-2. (State newspaper in the Kingdom of Westphalia from 1807–1813, No. 276 appeared on October 13, 1813)
  23. ^ Arthur Kleinschmidt: IV. From the last days of the Kingdom of Westphalia . In: Association for Hessian History and Regional Studies (Hrsg.): Journal of the Association for Hessian History and Regional Studies . tape 16 (1891) . Commissionsverlag A. Freyschmidt, Kassel 1891, p. 272 .
  24. ^ Arthur Kleinschmidt: History of the Kingdom of Westphalia . Friedrich Andreas Berthes, Gotha 1893, pp. 643–644.
personal data
SURNAME Allix de Vaux, Jacques Alexandre François
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Allix de Vaux, Jacques Alexandre
BRIEF DESCRIPTION French general and count
DATE OF BIRTH December 21, 1768
PLACE OF BIRTH Percy
DATE OF DEATH January 26, 1836
Place of death Courcelles