Jakob Haas

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Jakob Haas (born in the first half of the 13th century; attested 1235–1248) was a South Tyrolean notary active in Bolzano , who is significant for the history of the medieval notarial profession due to his preserved register of documents (imbreviatures) from 1237 and 1242 .

Live and act

Parchment sheet from the Imbreviatur by Jakob Haas from 1237

Not too much is known about the biography of Jakob Haas. His work can be documented for the first time in 1235, as shown by a notary deed of his hand and his signature that has been handed down in the Tyrolean State Archives . The latest notifications known to him come from 1245 and 1248 respectively.

In the documents, Jakob Haas describes himself as King Henry VII's notary , whereby this authorization formula does not necessarily have to be regarded as a direct appointment by the Staufer ruler, but rather has to be seen as a mere titulature . Notary Jakobs spelling name Haas is documented Latinized as Hazus in 1241 and as Hasus in 1247 . The numerous Germanisms of his texts such as Hube , Morgengabe , werchmaister (administrator) or zolnarius (customs officer) make it probable that it was a German-speaking notary.

Haas mainly worked in Bolzano and the surrounding area, so documents made out by him have been handed down in Unterinn and Stein am Ritten , in St. Pauls in Eppan and in Trento . The proximity to the Trento bishop's court and its cultural influence were decisive for his work, as for other Bolzano notaries of his time.

Its most important products are the three surviving notary registers from 1237 (Codex B: June – December) and 1242 (Codex C: January – April; Codex D: June – December), all of which are now kept at the Trento State Archives, while other imbreviatures are only from his hand are attested by mention (1238, 1241 and 1245). Each written on parchment , they contain hundreds of legal acts from Bolzano, which document the economic, social and legal conditions of their time in great detail and mainly concern property leases and sales as well as debts. Historians Hans von Voltelini in 1899 and Franz Huter in 1951 made them accessible in monumental research editions . The peculiarity of these protocols is that the contents of the documents were only entered in abbreviated form, whereas only the copies in the form of documents - which have hardly survived - offer the full wording. If full copies have been made from the brief entries of the imbreviatures, the notary has indicated this by means of diagonal strikethroughs (so-called chancelling) in the record. However, the form used by Haas can also be clearly recognized in the abbreviated form and, according to research, is influenced by both the older Lombard Charter and the Lex Baiuvariorum or German law . In more recent research, Jakob Haas, on the other hand, is considered to be important evidence of the intermediate position of the South Tyrolean region in the secular process of the high and late medieval cultural transfer from northern Italy to southern Germany, which can be observed in addition to the notary's office, for example, in the early credit system as well as in architectural and art history.

The wisdom of the Bolzano Eisack Bridge from 1239 was also written and made out by Jakob Haas.

See also

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b c d e Hans von Voltelini : The South Tyrolean notarial imbreviatures of the 13th century. Part 1 (Acta Tirolensia 2). Innsbruck: Wagner 1899, reprint Aalen: Scientia 1973, p. XXXVff.
  2. ^ Richard Heuberger : Das Deutschtiroler Notariat. Outline and meaning of its medieval development. In: Publications of the Ferdinandeum 6 (1927), pp. 27–122, reference p. 77 with note 5.
  3. ↑ Cf. in general Reinhard Härtel : Notarial and church documents in the early and high Middle Ages. Vienna-Munich: Böhlau-Oldenbourg 2001. ISBN 978-3-205-78578-1 , pp. 65-67.
  4. ^ Franz Huter : Tyrolean document book . I. Dept., Volume 3: 1230-1253. Innsbruck: Wagner 1957, p. 250, no.1204.
  5. ^ A b Hannes Obermair : Il notariato nello sviluppo della città e del suburbio di Bolzano nei secoli XII – XVI. In: Il notariato nell'arco alpino. Produzione e conservazione delle carte notarili tra medioevo e età moderna (Studi storici sul notariato italiano, vol. XVI). Milano: Giuffrè 2014. ISBN 978-88-14203794 . Pp. 293-322, reference pp. 306-307.
  6. ↑ Hans von Voltelini, Franz Huter: Die Südtiroler Notariats-Imbreviaturen of the 13th century. Part 2 (Acta Tirolensia 4). Innsbruck: Wagner 1951.
  7. ^ Franz Huter: The document system of German South Tyrol before the year 1200. In: Tiroler Heimat 7/8 (1934/35), pp. 183-213, reference pp. 211f.
  8. ^ Franz Huter: Tyrolean document book. I. Dept., Volume 3: 1230-1253. Innsbruck: Wagner 1957, pp. 141ff., No. 1100.
personal data
SURNAME Jakob Haas
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Jacobus Hasus
BRIEF DESCRIPTION South Tyrolean notary of King Heinrich (VII.)
DATE OF BIRTH before 1235
DATE OF DEATH after 1248
Place of death Bolzano