Jacob of Vitry

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Seal of Jacob as Bishop of Acre

Jacques de Vitry ( latin Iacobus Vitriacensis , French Jacques de Vitry , * to 1160 / 1170 in Vitry-en-Perthois , † 1. May 1240 in Rome ) was a medieval cardinal .

Life

Jakob was initially a pastor in Brabant and, as an Augustinian canon , looked after the women around Maria von Oignies . In 1213 Pope Innocent III appointed him . to the crusade preacher against the Albigensians . Because of his success, he was elected bishop of Acre in 1214 , where he did not arrive and was ordained until 1216. On the way to the Holy Land in 1216 he had the beguines recognized by the Pope. As Bishop of Acre, he took part in the Fifth Crusade with his own contingent , particularly during the siege of Damiette(1218-1220). In his letters from this period he sharply criticized his fellow Christians, who subordinated their actual mission to their own personal interests and disputes. In 1229 Jacob was appointed Cardinal Bishop of Tusculum and eleven years later elected Patriarch of Jerusalem . Pope Gregory IX did not confirm this choice, the reasons for this are unclear. Jacob von Vitry spent the rest of his life in Rome. He died as a cardinal dean on May 1, 1240.

Jacob's historical treatises are one of the essential sources for the history of the Holy Land as well as for the Fifth Crusade . His influential hagiographic report "De Vita beatae Mariae Oigniacensis" on the Beguines Maria von Oignies remained for a long time an imitation model in the female hagiography of the late Middle Ages.

Sermones vulgares by Jacob von Vitry; MS Riant 35, fol.1r, Houghton Library at Harvard University Library

Works

  • Sermones de tempore. Kreuzherrenkonvent, Düsseldorf 1486, ( digitized version )
  • Sermones de tempore. In aedibus viduae & haeredum Ioannis Steelsij, Antwerp 1575.
  • Orientalis et occidentalis Historia. Ex officina typographica Balthazaris Belleri, Douai 1597, ( digitized version ).
  • Historia Hierosolimitana. Modifications made by Jacques Bongars . In: Gesta Dei Per Francos, Sive Orientalium Expeditionum, Et Regni Francorum Hierosolimitani Historia. Volume 1. Aubri et al., Hanau 1611, ( digitized version ).
  • Vita b. Mariae Oignies. In: Acta Sanctorum . Junii. Volume 4. Petrus Jacobs, Antwerp 1707, pp. 636-666 .
  • The history of Jerusalem, AD 1180 (= Palestine Pilgrims' Text Society. Vol. 11, No. 2, ZDB -ID 2224954-0 ). Translated from the original Latin by Aubrey Stewart. Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund, London 1896.
  • Sermones vulgares. In: Analecta Novissima Spicilegii solesmensis. Disseruit Joannes Baptista Pitra . Volume 2. Typis Tusculanis, Paris 1888, (only excerpts).
  • The Exempla or Illustrative Stories from the Sermones Vulgares of Jacques de Vitry (= Publications of the Folk-Lore Society. 26, ZDB -ID 401527-7 ). Edited with introduction, analysis, and notes by Thomas Frederick Crane. Nutt, London 1890, ( digitized version ).
  • Reinhold Röhricht (Ed.): Letters. In: Journal of Church History . Vol. 14, 1894, pp. 97-118; Vol. 15, 1895, pp. 568-587; Vol. 16, 1896, pp. 72-114, (incomplete).
  • Goswin Frenken : The Exempla of Jacob von Vitry. A contribution to the history of the narrative literature of the Middle Ages (= sources and studies on the Latin philology of the Middle Ages. Vol. 5, H. 1, ZDB -ID 516355-9 ). Beck, Munich 1914.
  • Joseph Greven (Ed.): The Exempla from the Sermones feriales et communes of Jakob von Vitry (= collections of Middle Latin texts. 9, ZDB -ID 500169-9 ). Winter, Heidelberg 1914, ( digitized version ).
  • John Frederick Hinnebusch (Ed.): The Historia occidentalis of Jacques de Vitry. A Critical Edition (= Spicilegium Friburgense. Texts on the history of church life. Vol. 17, ISSN  0561-6158 ). The University Press, Friborg 1972.
  • Occidental history (Jacobus de Vitriaco: Historia Occidentalis, German). Translated by Christina Franke, with an introduction and comments by Björn Gebert, in: Mittelalter. Interdisciplinary research and reception history, from November 26, 2013, http://mittelalter.hypotheses.org/2529 [ongoing translation project, currently 17 chapters translated - as of October 12, 2018]
  • Lettres de Jacques de Vitry: (1160/1170 - 1240) Ed. critique, Brill, Leiden, 1960, editor: RBC Huygens

literature

  • Pascale Bourgain: Jakob von Vitry . In: Lexicon of the Middle Ages (LexMA). Volume 5, Artemis & Winkler, Munich / Zurich 1991, ISBN 3-7608-8905-0 , Sp. 294 f.
  • Philipp Funk : Jakob von Vitry. Life and works (= contributions to the cultural history of the Middle Ages and the Renaissance. 3, ZDB -ID 526676-2 ). Teubner, Leipzig et al. 1909, (Partly at the same time: Tübingen, University, dissertation, 1908; reprint. Gerstenberg, Hildesheim 1973, ISBN 3-8067-0103-2 ).
  • Michael Hanst:  Jakob von Vitry. In: Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL). Volume 2, Bautz, Hamm 1990, ISBN 3-88309-032-8 , Sp. 1493-1495.  ( Article / beginning of article in Internet archive )
  • Agostino Paravicini Bagliani: Cardinali di curia e "familiae" cardinalizie. Dal 1227 al 1254 (= Italia Sacra. Studi e Documenti di Storia Ecclesiastica. 18, ZDB -ID 411462-0 ). Volume 1. Editrice Antenore, Padua 1972, pp. 98-112.
  • Vera von der Osten-Sacken: Jakob von Vitrys "Vita Mariae Oigniacensis". On the origin and character of the first Beguines (= publications by the Institute for European History Mainz. Vol. 223). Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2010, ISBN 978-3-525-10102-5 (also: Göttingen, University, dissertation, 2008).
  • Ilse Schöndorfer: Orient and Occident based on the main works of Jakob von Vitry (= European university publications. Series 3: History and its auxiliary sciences. Vol. 743). Lang, Frankfurt am Main et al. 1997, ISBN 3-631-31662-3 (Also: Vienna, University, dissertation, 1997).

Web links

Commons : Jacques de Vitry  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Remarks

  1. ↑ Date of death by Paravicini Bagliani: Cardinali di curia e "familiae" cardinalizie. Volume 1. 1972, p. 108; on May 14, 1240, Pope Gregory IX. him as a bone memorie .
  2. ↑ On the date of his appointment as Cardinal Bishop, cf. Paravicini Bagliani: Cardinali di curia e "familiae" cardinalizie. Volume 1. 1972, p. 98.
predecessor Office successor
Johannes Algrinus OClun Cardinal Dean
1237-1240 		Rinaldo dei Signori di Ienne, Count of Segni
Nicola II. Cardinal Bishop of Tusculum
1229–1240 		Odo of Châteauroux
Florent Bishop of Acre
1216–1228 		Ralph
personal data
SURNAME Jacob of Vitry
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Iacobus vitriacensis; Jacques de Vitry
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Cardinal and author of a Latin hagiographic report
DATE OF BIRTH around 1165
PLACE OF BIRTH Vitry-en-Perthois
DATE OF DEATH May 1, 1240
Place of death Rome