Jean de Baudricourt

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Jean de Baudricourt (* around 1435 - † May 11, 1499 in Blois ) was Marshal of France . He is the son of Robert de Baudricourt and Arléarde de Chambley, a sister of Marguerite de Chambley, the first wife of Louis de Beauvau .

Career start

He began his career as Captain of Foug in the service of John II of Anjou , Duke of Lorraine , Duke of Bar , Duke of Anjou .

At the side of the Duke he joined the rebellion of the Ligue du Bien public , which was under the leadership of the son of the Duke of Burgundy, the Count of Charolais . After the battle of Montlhéry (July 16, 1465) and the Treaty of Conflans (October 5, 1465), he and the Duke of Lorraine took the side of the king. He was now captain in the royal army, then Bailli de Chaumont-en-Bassigny , like his father and brother-in-law Geoffroy, Seigneur de Saint-Belin, before him. He kept the office until his death.

Captain in the service of the King of France

In the war between René II of Lorraine and Charles the Bold , he supported the Duke of Lorraine and served as an intermediary between René and the king, in particular through a loan to René over 4000 Écu . After the invasion of the Duchy of Burgundy , he became Bailli of Chalon-sur-Saône (1477–1481). In 1477 King Ludwig XI. three times as ambassador to the Swiss cantons : the troops he raised enabled him to maintain royal control over Burgundy.

In 1478 he was on the Flemish theater of war. With Philippe de Crèvecœur he commanded the troops in the Schlachte near Guinegate in August 1479, in which Maximilian of Austria won the day. From 1479 to 1480 he was captain general of 4000 francs-archers in the Capitainerie du Nord-Est.

The king appointed him governor of Burgundy (1481-1499), captain of Besançon and governor of Champagne (March 1482 to November 1483). From 1482 he was captain of a royal orderly company of 100 lances (i.e. 100 riders and 200 archers). Louis XI. then sent him to the Dutch front to fight Maximilian of Austria. As captain of Arras (1479–1482) he negotiated the peace of Arras of 1482 . Towards the end of the reign of Louis XI. he was one of his closest advisers, in 1483 also governor of Provence - it was also he whom the king sent to Italy to ask Franz von Paola for a miracle in his favor.

One of the most powerful officials in the royal court

During the minority of Charles VIII , d. H. During the reign of Anne de Beaujeus , he belonged to the 15-member Conseil étroit , which made the decisions in royal politics. During this time he was also one of the most important French generals in France. In 1485 he defeated the imperial troops in the Free County of Burgundy with an army of 8,000 to 10,000 men and played a decisive role in the victory over the Bretons in the Battle of Saint-Aubin du Cormier on July 28, 1488; when the free county was occupied by imperial troops in 1491, he saved the situation, according to a letter from the king.

He had now reached the peak of his career: he was appointed Chevalier in the Ordre de Saint-Michel and on January 21, 1486, Marshal of France .

In January 1493 he was defeated by imperial troops in the Free County at the Battle of Dournon . Charles VIII renounced the Free County of Burgundy a few months later in the Treaty of Senlis . Baudricourt encouraged Charles VIII in 1494 in his plans to conquer the Kingdom of Naples , but the council and the other governors urged him to remain in France. While the king was in Italy, he met Maximilian's troops again; in a letter he congratulated Maximilian on his military leadership. Jean de Baudricourt was now about 60 years old, the campaign of 1495 seems to have been the last of his career. The remaining years of his life he served the king as an organizer (e.g. catering for the army) and envoy in Lorraine and Savoy .

Possessions, property and structures

Originally a noble from Lorraine, he owned property in the border region of Lorraine, the Duchy of Bar and Champagne. He inherited Baudricourt and de Blaise . Towards the end of his life he used his fortune to buy lands on the border of the Bailliage Chaumont: the Barony of Lafauche (1473), the Barony of Choiseul (1486), the Reign of Vignory (1491) and the Reign of Colombey-les-Deux- Églises (around 1492).

He spent 80,000 livres tournois on the restoration of Blaise Castle, where he resided with his wife. Impressed by his meeting with Franz de Paola, he founded one of the first Paulan convents in France in Bracquencourt near Blaise : the donation took place on October 16, 1496 in Chaumont. However, he ordered the most remarkable work in Lafauche, which was expanded into a model fortress with 18 towers adapted for artillery and a chapel with six chaplains.

He was married to Anne de Beaujeu (not identical to the regent of the same name), but had no children from her. His nephews and sons of his sisters inherited his property and succeeded him in the royal offices; among them was especially his niece Catherine de Saint-Belin († 1501), daughter of Marguerite de Baudricourt and Geoffroy de Saint-Belin, married to Jean IV. de Chaumont d'Amboise . He died on May 11, 1499 in Blois and was buried in the Paulan Church in Plessis-lez-Tours .

literature

  • Christian Corvisier, La fortification des châteaux de Lafauche et de Vignory à la fin du XVe siècleː l'oeuvre du maréchal Jean de Baudricourt , in: Patrick Demouy, Se défendre en Champagne-Ardenne , ed. by Dominique Guéniot, Langres, 2012
  • Mikhaël Harsgor, Recherches sur le personnel du Conseil du Roi sous Charles VIII et Louis XII , Paris-Lille, 1980, Volume 2, pp. 1044-1063
  • Hélène Olland, La Baronnie de Choiseul à la fin du Moyen Age (1485-1525) , 1980, pp. 32-50
  • Georges Poull, Robert de Baudricourt, chevalier, capitaine de Vaucouleurs et bailli de Chaumont, sa famille et sa descendance , in: Cahiers d'histoire, de biographie et de généalogie , Volume 2, Rupt-sur-Moselle, 1966, p. 11 -39.
  • Léonard Dauphant, Le Royaume des Quatre Rivières, L'espace politique français (1380–1515) , Seyssel, Champ Vallon, 2012, pp. 353–356.

Remarks

  1. ↑ Gabriel Bianciotto, Jean de Baudricourt , in: Le Roman de Troyle , Volume 1, pp. 225-226, end note 138, Publications de l'université de Rouen No. 75, 1994
  2. ^ Henri Lepage, Commentaires sur la Chronique de Lorraine, au sujet de la guerre entre René II et Charles-le-Téméraire , in: Mémoires de la Société d'Archéologie Lorraine , 2nd series, No. 1, 1859, p. 351 , Number 1
  3. ↑ Édouard Rott, Histoire de la représentation diplomatique de la France auprès des cantons suisses, de leurs alliés et de leurs confédérés , Paris-Bern, 1900, volume 1, p. 32
  4. ↑ Poull, p. 32
  5. ^ Philippe Contamine , Guerre, Etat et Société en France , Annex III, No. 1, p. 595
  6. ↑ Gustave Dupont-Ferrier, Gallia Regia , Volume 1, p. 419
  7. ↑ Olland, p. 50
  8. ↑ Olland, p. 524
  9. ^ Noël Valois, Le Conseil du roi et le Grand Conseil pendant la première année du règne de Charles VIII , in: Bibliothèque de l'École des Chartes , 1882, p. 600
  10. ↑ Dom Urbain Plancher, Histoire générale et particulière de Bourgogne , Volume 4, p. 524
  11. ^ Charles VIII, Lettres , Volume III, p. 420
  12. ↑ Louis de la Roque, Catalog historique des généraux français ... , Paris, 1896–1902, p. 43, followed by Ph. Contamine in Guerre, Etat et Société , p. 416, No. 88; According to Mikhaël Harsgor ( Recherches sur le personnel du Conseil du Roi sous Charles VIII et Louis XII , Paris-Lille, 1980, Volume III, p. 1789.) he did not become marshal until 1788. In the first case he succeeded André de Lohéac , in the second he owed the appointment of his decisive achievements in the battle of Saint-Aubin-du-Cormier
  13. ^ Charles VIII, Lettres , Volume 4, p. 142
  14. ↑ Map: Dauphant, Map No. 43
  15. ↑ Olland, p. 54
  16. ↑ Poull, p. 34
personal data
SURNAME Baudricourt, Jean de
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Marshal of France, Governor of Burgundy
DATE OF BIRTH around 1435
DATE OF DEATH May 11, 1499
Place of death Blois