Jeremias Homberger

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Jeremias Homberger (* 1529 in Fritzlar ; † October 5, 1595 in Znaim ) was a German Lutheran theologian .

Life

Jeremias Homberger, born in Fritzlar in 1529, attended the University of Marburg to study theology. Then he was a brief teacher in the Palatinate, went to Frankfurt am Main and was the rector of the city's Latin School from 1563 to 1568. There he also published a book on original sin as a follower of Matthias Flacius .

After sectarian disputes with the Reformed , he left Frankfurt. He came to Vienna as a teacher in Lauingen . There he received a call from the Protestant estates in Styria to work as the main pastor or theology teacher at the collegiate church / school in Graz , which opened in 1574 . Because the Lutheran estates in Styria were very strict, he feared the reaction of the estates and declared in a letter on October 4, 1574 that he would no longer share Flacius' opinion.

In Graz, Homberger was appointed superintendent and acted as head of the church ministry ; he also became a school inspector . Franz Ilwof judged that Homberger was honorable, loyal and zealous, but also violent and irascible, which involved him in problems. He was particularly hostile to some of the representatives of the estates because he refused to carry out orders from secular rulers concerning the church. Nonetheless, he made a name for himself and ensured that his voice soon became the most important theological in the country. He regulated laws and regulations of the church ministry and tried to uphold the equality of religion in the states of Styria, Carinthia and Carniola .

Influenced by the Pope, the Austrian Archduke Charles II took action against Protestantism, but Homberger was a prominent defender of his denomination. So he campaigned against the Archduke. In addition, the stalls decided in 1578 to set up a printing house in Graz, whereby the chief pastor had to approve every printing. In 1579 the Jesuits wanted to print a catalog of the subjects they taught, for which the printer had asked Homberger beforehand, but Homberger forbade printing. The Jesuits had the printer locked up in prison by the government, but the estates managed to get his release, and the printer had to be closed again. Homberger got into another conflict with the government when he read sermons on June 3rd, 5th and 7th, 1580 , which were directed against the feast of Corpus Christi . As a result, the Archduke requested an interrogation, which was followed by a violent exchange of letters between the government and the estates. Ultimately, the government gained the upper hand and forbade Homberger to preach.

In 1581 Jurij Dalmatin had translated the Bible into the Slovenian language and needed an expert to check the result. Homberger was chosen for this. The ordinaries of the estates allowed Homberger a trip to Ljubljana , until October 1581 he checked the translation, linguistic and content. His conclusion was a positive one.

In 1577 the formula of the Agreement was created; it should avoid ecclesiastical and dogmatic issues in the evangelical church. It was up to Homberger to persuade the estates and preachers of Styria, Carinthia and Carniola to accept the formula. This caused difficulties especially in Carinthia, but in the end he was successful. He also belonged to an embassy that was supposed to hand over the signatures of the formula and a report by Homberger to the Archduke in order to demonstrate the poor conditions of the Evangelicals in Inner Austria. In the unprinted Oratio , he speaks of the fact that the Protestants from Austria are loyal supporters of the Confessio Augustana and described their situation.

The Archduke Charles II also ordered the introduction of the Gregorian calendar on September 25, 1583 , but resistance arose as this was interpreted as a religious matter. Homberger in particular was opposed to this, but the calendar was finally introduced: first in Krain and Carinthia, then in Styria.

On August 4, 1585, Homberger held a sermon, despite the Archduke's prohibition, which, as the Archduke was informed, contained the message to oppose the government on religious matters. The archduke reacted by ordering the estates to expel Homberger from the country; He must leave Graz within three days and inner Austria after two weeks. Although the estates took action against it, after a violent correspondence, Homberger left Graz and Styria on November 11, 1585. He went to Regensburg , where he lived for a year on the pension of 200 guilders that the Styrian estates had given him. But he did not break off the correspondence to Graz. After the Archduke died in 1590, Homberger hoped to be accepted again in Graz, but was not yet allowed to return.

He spent the last years of his life in Znojmo, where he died on October 5, 1595.

Works

  • Vehiculum sacrum peregrinationis (Heidelberg 1582)
  • Germina grani sinapi nuper sati (Frankfurt am Main 1591)
  • A beautiful song of the poor man's justification for God (Grätz without a year)
  • Christian agenda to baptize in the simplest possible way and to do other church things, as may be needed by those who come to the place, since the church previously had no agendas, as Jeremias Homberger sometimes had to do (without a year, without a place; a pressure comes from Graz 1582)
  • Examen theologicum (Heidelberg 1583; second edition Graz 1589)
  • Oratio (unprinted)
  • Viola Martis
  • Violbüchlein (probably before 1587 Graz; second edition Regensburg 1587)
  • Consolation book (Homberger sent the manuscript to the Styrian estates, but they did not dare to print it because of the zeal it contained , so the explanation)
  • Wolgemuth or spiritual contemplation of the twofold image of Christ (Frankfurt am Main 1588)
  • Mustard seed of our Lord Jesus Christ, that is Kurtzer's teaching of all the main pieces of Christian teaching (Frankfurt am Main 1588)
  • Proverbs Salomonis (Graz 1590)
  • Germina grani sinapis nuper sati (Frankfurt am Main 1591)
  • Mucro stimuli Christi. A detailed explanation and diligent consideration of the most important article of our Christian faith of the justification and justification of the poor sinner for God (Jena 1592)

literature

Remarks

  1. ↑ In the first ADB article by an unknown author, 1593 is given as the year of death in Regensburg .
  2. ↑ Cf. Franz Martin Mayer: Jeremias Homberger . In: Archive for Austrian History 74 (1889), pp. 203–260, esp. P. 208 Note 3. His son Ionas Homberger Bipontinus (* around 1555/56; † 1587), enrolled in Marburg in 1576, 1586 Reichskammergericht- Lawyer, who died as in-house counsel for the city of Oppenheim , was born in Zweibrücken and accepted into the state school for Pfalz-Zweibrücken in Hornbach on a scholarship in 1571 .
personal data
SURNAME Homberger, Jeremias
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German Lutheran theologian
DATE OF BIRTH 1529
PLACE OF BIRTH Fritzlar
DATE OF DEATH October 5, 1595
Place of death Znojmo