Sulzbrunn iodine bath

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Sulzbrunn iodine bath in the 19th century

The former iodine bath Sulzbrunn is located 20 km southeast of Kempten (Allgäu) at an altitude of 875 m in the market town of Sulzberg in the Oberallgäu district .

Mineral chloride springs containing iodine

Entry shaft of the Römerquelle in the iodine bath Sulzbrunn

Since prehistoric known time Kempten forest resources belong to the Bad Heilbrunner - mineral springs of the strongest sources of iodine in Germany. The iodide-rich mineral springs south of Sulzberg were recast in the middle of the 19th century and systematically analyzed chemically. At the beginning of the 20th century, four iodine magnesium springs and two sulphurous mineral springs discovered in 1906 were used balneologically in Sulzbrunn . The spring water has only small traces of bromine . The total mineralization of the 7.5 ° C warm Roman spring is just under 3 g / l. As early as 1858, Justus von Liebig determined the iodide content of the mineral content to be 13 mg / l. Some chemists found in the 19th century that the mineral concentration of iodide is significantly influenced by rainwater . After long periods of drought, the iodide concentration can rise to 25 mg / l. In 1858, the average daily pouring volume of the new Roman spring was given as 84 to 88  buckets .

Today it is assumed that the mineral waters rich in iodide come from the sediments of the lower sea molasses . The sediments with high organic proportions occurring here are considered a source of the corresponding mineral content. The iodine sources in Bavaria are often tied to the thrust orbits of the Alpine nappes on the foreland molasses . South of Kempten is the tectonically heavily stressed transition zone from the fold molasses to the foreland molasses, which offers opportunities for mineral water ascent due to the disruption of the rock formation.

The Römerquelle in 1923 by a 30-meter-long tunnel re-opened at the end of a spring shaft, the incidence of molasses - sandstone following three meters into the depth, and a water-bearing gap touches on. Access to the tunnel is through an entry shaft, the tunnel itself has the function of the overflow for the source shaft.

In 2014 the were in the tunnel of geologists Bavarian State Office for the Environment up to 20 cm long slimy biofilm - stalactites , called Snottites discovered. The soft, cm-thick structures are formed by bacteria that can live without light and obviously feed on methane and iodine. According to the Helmholtz Center in Munich , Sulzbrunn snottites are the world's first occurrence of large biofilms from methane-oxidizing bacteria.

Geotope

The mineral spring has been designated as a valuable geotope by the Bavarian State Office for the Environment (Geotope number: 780Q002).

History of the game and iodine bath

Archaeological finds in the springs and their surroundings initially showed that the saline spring outlets had been used since at least Roman times . During the reconstruction work in 1923, however, older, presumably prehistoric remains of vessels were found. The first written mention of the sources is said to have been made in a document from the year 1059 about the episcopal Augsburg wildbann district. The mountain slope with the springs was described as "Sulzeberch". The Sulzberg castle ruins and the Sulzberg community (Oberallgäu district) also take their name from this. In the literature it is reported that wild and grazing animals regularly came to the so-called Sulzen at the source outlets to water. Until the 19th century, the salty mineral water flowed away unused as Kempten forest water .

In 1837 the innkeeper Pankratius Kapitel from the neighboring Oberzollhaus was completely cured of a pronounced goiter after drinking the Kempten forest water for three months . The news of the healing caused a medical sensation, because goiter was particularly widespread in the Allgäu . The Kempten district doctor Dr. Karrer was then 1838 chemical analyzes make and recognized the importance of the discovery, leaving the source in the same year a new take . Karrer attributed the cure for goitre disease to iodine-containing water, which was confirmed in chemical analyzes. There was a strong demand for the water from Sulzberg. The contained spring, which combined two individual springs, was named Römerquelle in 1855 . From 1840 the iodine water was bottled and sold. It was found that the bottled mineral water rotted quite quickly in the summer months. In 1852 the first bathing establishment Wildbad Sulzbrunn was built , which two years later was expanded to become a health resort. The spa operation, which takes place from June to October, was regulated by fountain and bathing regulations. In 1857 the visitor's tax was 3½ guilders ; poor patients were treated for free. 48 kreuzers were billed for a bath and 12 kreuzers for a sit-down or dusty rain bath. Sulzbrunn has been known as the iodine bath since the beginning of the 1860s . In 1861, however, the spa only had nine spa guests.

The spring outlets on the slope were redesigned in 1855 by the Frankfurt engineer Ettling. In the process, three more spring pre-eruptions were discovered, of which two neighboring ones were given the name Hildegard's spring (s) . The source of the Hildegardsquellen is below the Römerquelle , in the marl slates . A third spring site, which was of less importance, was characterized by a mineral water with little iodine content but hydrogen sulfide . In 1856 the sources were analyzed by Ludwig Andreas Buchner and two years later by Justus von Liebig . In the spring house there was one with since that time Ottomans equipped Inhalationscabinet where spa guests iodine-containing source gases could inhale. A special form of therapy was Sulzbrunn the drinking treatment with iodine-containing whey , milk and with Kumiss . For this purpose, the cows and goats were given mineral water containing iodine in the drinking troughs and the milk was then used therapeutically. In addition to the bottled as mineral iodine water , the Jodmolke and Jodmilch was in Sulzbrunn since 1856 out of the water Römerquelle also Kempten virgin salt (sal jodinicum campodunense) Kempten brine (lixivium odinicum campodunense) Jodsalzseife and iodine tablets manufactured and in pharmacies of to the beginning Displaced in the 20th century.

Station iodine bath Sulzbrunn

Due to its increasing popularity, a patient house and a spa park were built in 1872. In 1898, 290 spa guests visited Sulzbrunn.

In 1895, a separate station with the name Jodbad-Sulzbrunn is opened on the then built Ausserfernbahn . In the following years, a large number of spa guests travel through this station. To meet the increasing demand for health cures , a new bathhouse was inaugurated in 1906.

In the Sulzbrunn iodine bath, patients and spa guests found healing in particular for vascular diseases , scrofula , high blood pressure , inflammation , skin , thyroid and metabolic diseases . In 1925, the iodine bath was acquired and modernized by Jodquellen AG Bad Tölz . After the Second World War , the spa business came to a standstill and was not started again in the period that followed.

Current operation

In 1960, the deaconess mother house Hensoltshöhe took over the property and expanded it into a sanatorium for addicts . The spring still pours 3000 liters a day. However, that was not enough to sell the water as mineral water. Today the mineral water seeps away unused into the nearby stream. In 2007 the Römerquelle was included as a station in the historic adventure hiking trail, the Heinrichweg.

At the end of 2008, the Jodbad Sulzbrunn station was shut down. In recent years, the former iodine bath was the only specialist clinic in Bavaria that was used for gambling addicts. The facility was closed in 2014 for reasons of profitability. Since 2015 the area has been used by the ecological multigenerational community Sulzbrunn, which is also planning to use the iodine source again.

  • registration

  • Roman house

  • House Lug in's Land

  • House next door

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Baths Almanch . In: Notices of the baths, climatic health resorts and sanatoriums in Germany, Austria, Switzerland and the neighboring areas . 10th edition. Rudolf Mosse, Berlin 1907, p. 183 f .
  2. ↑ a b c d e f Gustav Abele: The healing and mineral springs of southern Bavaria . In: Bavarian Geological State Office (Hrsg.): Geolocia Bavarica . tape 2 . Munich 1950, p. 53-55 .
  3. ^ Max Feldbausch: On the knowledge of the iodine sources in Sulzbrunn near Kempten . In: AC Schott (ed.): Wildbad Sulzbrunn near Kempten in Bavaria - along with the latest from Baron Dr. von Liebig carried out an authentic analysis of his iodine sources, as well as the iodine milk and iodine whey produced in an organic way . First yearbook. A. Vömel, Frankfurt am Main 1858, p. 169 .
  4. ↑ Werner Käß, Hanna Käß: German bath book . Ed .: Association for swimming pool and climate science eV 2nd edition. E. Schweitzerbart'sche Verlagbuchhandlung (Nägele and Obermiller), Stuttgart 2008, ISBN 978-3-510-65241-9 , p. 1015 ff .
  5. ^ Ulrich Lagally, Stefan Glaser, Elisabeth Jobe, Georg Loth, Andreas Murr, Hubert Schmid, Wolfgang Schmid, Klaus Schwerd, Stephan Sieblitz, Ulrich Teipel: Geotope in Schwaben . In: Bavarian State Office for the Environment (Ed.): Earth science contributions to nature conservation . tape 7 . Augsburg 2009, ISBN 978-3-936385-34-2 , pp. 40 ff .
  6. ↑ Birgit Ellinger: Living "alien slime" delights cave explorers . In: Welt Online . November 7, 2014.
  7. ↑ Bavarian State Office for the Environment, Geotope Jodquelle Sulzbrunn ENE von Sulzberg (accessed on October 8, 2017).
  8. ^ A b c d e A. C. Schott: Wildbad Sulzbrunn near Kempten in Bavaria - along with the latest from Baron Dr. von Liebig carried out an authentic analysis of his iodine sources, as well as the iodine milk and iodine whey produced in an organic way. First yearbook. A. Vömel, Frankfurt am Main 1858, p. 234 .
  9. ^ Iodine source Sulzbrunn. Allgäuer Seenland, accessed on February 13, 2016 .
  10. ↑ a b O. Sendtner: Notes on the iodine source Sulzbrunn near Sulzberg near Kempten in Bavaria, excellent in geognostic and botanical terms . In: AC Schott (ed.): Wildbad Sulzbrunn near Kempten in Bavaria - along with the latest from Baron Dr. von Liebig carried out an authentic analysis of his iodine sources, as well as the iodine milk and iodine whey produced in an organic way. First yearbook. A. Vömel, Frankfurt am Main 1858, p. 25-29 .
  11. ↑ Well and bathing regulations for the use of iodine springs in the Sulzbrunn wild bath near Kempten, in the Kingdom of Bavaria . In: AC Schott (ed.): Wildbad Sulzbrunn near Kempten in Bavaria - along with the latest from Baron Dr. von Liebig carried out an authentic analysis of his iodine sources, as well as the iodine milk and iodine whey produced in an organic way . First yearbook. A. Vömel, Frankfurt am Main 1858, p. 190-195 .
  12. ^ Carl Friedrich Majer: General report for the medical administration in the Kingdom of Bavaria . Ed .: Ministry of the Interior. tape 2 . Cotta'sche Buchhandlung, Munich 1868, p. 134 .
  13. ↑ Josef Seegen: Handbook of general and special healing sources . 2nd Edition. Wilhelm Braumüller, Vienna 1862, p. 497 ff .
  14. ^ AC Schott: Reflections and facts which led to the improved and more appropriate method for the production of iodine milk in Germany. In: AC Schott (ed.): Wildbad Sulzbrunn near Kempten in Bavaria - along with the latest from Baron Dr. von Liebig carried out an authentic analysis of his iodine sources, as well as the iodine milk and iodine whey produced in an organic way . First yearbook. A. Vömel, Frankfurt am Main 1858, p. 114-122 .
  15. ↑ AC Schott: About the transition of iodine by means of the digestive and assimilation process in the milk of some mammals from the Doctors Labourdette and Dumesnil to Quatre-Marés in France . In: AC Schott (ed.): Wildbad Sulzbrunn near Kempten in Bavaria - along with the latest from Baron Dr. von Liebig carried out an authentic analysis of his iodine sources, as well as the iodine milk and iodine whey produced in an organic way . First yearbook. A. Vömel, Frankfurt am Main. 1858, p. 107-113 .
  16. ↑ C. Kaiser: New Repertory for Pharmacy . Ed .: A. Buchner. tape 9 . Munich 1860, p. 260 .
  17. ↑ Dr. Mair: Report of the practitioner and spa doctor Dr. Mair in Sulzberg About the spa town of Sulzbrunn near Kempten . In: AC Schott (ed.): Wildbad Sulzbrunn near Kempten in Bavaria - along with the latest from Baron Dr. von Liebig carried out an authentic analysis of his iodine sources, as well as the iodine milk and iodine whey produced in an organic way . First yearbook. A. Vömel, Frankfurt am Main 1858, p. 72-101 .
  18. ↑ AC Schott: About the two organic iodine compounds, iodine milk and iodine whey, their production and therapeutic significance . In: AC Schott (ed.): Wildbad Sulzbrunn near Kempten in Bavaria - along with the latest from Baron Dr. von Liebig carried out an authentic analysis of his iodine sources, as well as the iodine milk and iodine whey produced in an organic way . First yearbook. A. Vömel, Frankfurt am Main 1858, p. 123-145 .
  19. ^ Max Feldbausch: On the knowledge of the iodine sources in Sulzbrunn near Kempten . In: AC Schott (ed.): Wildbad Sulzbrunn near Kempten in Bavaria - along with the latest from Baron Dr. von Liebig carried out an authentic analysis of his iodine sources, as well as the iodine milk and iodine whey produced in an organic way . First yearbook. A. Vömel, Frankfurt am Main 1858, p. 168-176 .
  20. ↑ Bernhard Maximilian Lersch: Introduction to the healing source theory - A manual for chemists and doctors . tape 2nd , 2nd part. Ferdinand Enke, Erlangen 1860, p. 1338 .
  21. ↑ Julius Glax: Textbook of Balneotherapy - Special Balneotherapy . In: Doctor's Library. A collection of medical textbooks for students and practitioners . tape 2 . Ferdinand Enke, Stuttgart 1900, p. 536 .
  22. ↑ Baths Almanac . In: Notices from the baths, climatic health resorts and sanatoriums . 15th edition. Rudolf Mosse, Berlin 1930, p. 286 f .
  23. ↑ Silvia Reich-Recla: Spring water put an end to goiter. In: all-in.de. Retrieved February 14, 2016 .
  24. ↑ Silvia Reich-Recla: No more stopping in Jodbad-Sulzbrunn. In: all-in.de. Retrieved February 14, 2016 .
  25. ↑ Dietrich Mittler Sulzberg: Roman house in the Allgäu: Bavaria's largest addiction clinic is threatened . In: sueddeutsche.de . ISSN  0174-4917 .
  26. ↑ Sabine Stodal: Iodine source , community and "Snottites" . In: Kreisbote Kempten . Kempten February 10, 2016, p. 2 .

literature

  • AC Schott: Wildbad Sulzbrunn near Kempten in Bavaria - along with the latest from Baron Dr. von Liebig carried out an authentic analysis of his iodine sources, as well as the iodine milk and iodine whey produced in an organic way . First yearbook, A. Vömel, Frankfurt am Main 1858.
  • Ludwig Ditterich: Sulzbrunn in the Kemptener Waldgebirge: his Muriatic iodine sources [et] c., Iodine milk, iodine whey, iodine cum and herbal juices. EH Gummi, Munich 1863.
  • Max Feldbausch: About the iodine sources in Sulzbrunn near Kempten. In: AC Schott (ed.): Wildbad Sulzbrunn near Kempten in Bavaria - along with the latest from Baron Dr. von Liebig carried out an authentic analysis of his iodine sources, as well as the iodine milk and iodine whey produced in an organic way . First yearbook, A. Vömel, Frankfurt am Main 1858, pp. 168–176.

Web links

Commons : Jodbad Sulzbrunn  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Coordinates: 47 ° 40 ′ 14.5 ″  N , 10 ° 23 ′ 6.3 ″  E