Johann André

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Johann André

Johann André (born March 28, 1741 in Offenbach am Main , † June 18, 1799 ibid) was a German musician , composer and music publisher .

origin

Johann André came from a Protestant-Reformed Huguenot family who immigrated from Saint-Gilles near Nîmes to Frankfurt am Main in 1699 . Gilles Andre (1673–1748) moved his residence in 1709 from the Free Imperial City of Frankfurt to Offenbach, currently the capital of the sovereign Principality of Isenburg-Birstein. The current regent, Count Johann Philipp von Isenburg-Birstein , promoted the immigration of French Huguenots into his domain; under his protection, a French Reformed community and the Huguenot town of Neu-Isenburg were founded in 1699. Gilles André achieved prosperity as an independent silk weaver. He built a spacious house in Offenbacher Herrnstrasse 54, which he and his descendants lived in until 1784. Of the eight children of Gilles Andrés, only Marc André, born in 1705, survived his father. In January 1737 he married Marie Juliane (Julienne) Pfaltz, the daughter of a cloth manufacturer from Mannheim, in Offenbach. From this marriage all later members of the Andre family come from. As a silk manufacturer, Marc also became a wealthy man who was able to finance a large residential and school building for the French Reformed community next to the church at 25 Herrnstrasse. In 1751, just three years after his father, Marc André died at the age of only 46.

Education and activity

Marc Andrés eldest son Johann achieved lasting importance for Offenbach and the music world. When his father died, only 10 years old, he showed an extraordinary musical talent from an early age. In 1757, at the age of 16, he entered the family business to "learn the trades." The musical training was continued in parallel. But his mother soon sent him to Mannheim so that he could complete his commercial training there. Mannheim was at that time the most important music metropolis of the epoch and Europe. At the age of 20, Johann returned to Offenbach. In addition to working in the silk factory, he soon tried his hand at his own compositions, and small songs and a piano sonata were written. On the occasion of the performance of operas and attending concerts, especially in Frankfurt am Main and Mannheim, Johann had the opportunity to expand his musical knowledge. On August 17, 1774, Johann André founded one of the first independent music publishers in Germany to be independent of the book trade, with an attached sheet music printing company, and married Catharina Elisabeth Schmaltz (1739–1816), daughter of the banker Philipp Lorenz Schmaltz (1694–1770) in Mannheim . At that time he was one of the Offenbacher friends Johann Wolfgang von Goethe during his courtship with a 17-year-old banker's daughter Anna Elisabeth Schönemann ( "Lili"), which before the Offenbacher Background of the year 1775 in the 17th book of Goethe's autobiography and fiction is portrayed . She lived with her relatives, the family of the snuff manufacturer Nicolaus Bernard in the Offenbacher Herrnstrasse; Goethe stayed in the house opposite with Johann André.

In autumn 1777 Johann André followed a call from Karl Theophil Döbbelin as music director of the Döbbelin orchestra at the theater of the society of the same name on Behrenstrasse in Berlin. He developed an extensive activity as a composer of Singspiele and conducted his own and other works. Among other things, he was in lively exchange with War Councilor Friedrich Wilhelm Marpurg . He kept in touch with the “Notenfabrique” in Offenbach; he handed the silk dyeing over to his uncle. Since the Offenbacher Verlag worked at a loss during his absence and the request to move his company to Berlin was refused, he returned to Offenbach in 1784. In the same year, the company moved from Herrnstrasse 54 to Domstrasse 21, where a publishing house and printer were set up in the rear buildings. In 1797 the publisher's catalog already listed 1052 numbers, operas , concerts and symphonies , arias and songs . On the occasion of his departure from Berlin in 1784, awarded the title and rank of Kapellmeister to Margrave Friedrich Heinrich, Prince of Prussia, Margrave of Brandenburg-Schwedt , without Johann André having assumed such a position in Schwedt. After all, he dedicated his play with singing “Laura Rosetti” from 1778 to the margrave. His singspiel “ The Abduction from the Seraglio or Belmonte and Constanze” - première 1781 in Berlin - was performed in 1785 in Schwedt. His successor at the Döbbelin'schen Theater was Johann Friedrich Frischmuth (1741–1790).

In 1798, Johann André fell so seriously ill that his son Johann Anton André , who also excelled as a publisher, composer and music theorist, broke off his studies in Jena and returned to Offenbach. He took over the entire publishing and printing business after his father's death in 1899. Johann Andrés grave is located in the old cemetery in Offenbach .

Grave of Johann André in the old cemetery Offenbach

.

The music store André and the music publisher Johann André with its extensive music archive are still located on Frankfurter Strasse in downtown Offenbach.

Work (selection)

Johann André created countless pieces of music, including comic operas and operettas, singing and comedies, songs, but also pieces for piano, violin and cello. He wrote libretti and lyrics as well as poetry. For his performances he arranged pieces by foreign composers and translated texts from French. In addition, he edited works by international composers, collections, textbooks for piano and guitar lessons and much more in his music printer.

  • “Der Komödienfeind”, comedy in 2 acts, Offenbach 1765
  • "Funny attempts", Hanau 1766
  • "Arist", comedy, Frankfurt am Main 1772
  • "Der Wittwer", comedy, Frankfurt am Main 1772
  • "Der Töpfer", comic opera in 1 act (Hanau, January 22, 1873; Berlin (Döbbelin), January 14, 1779)
  • "Miss Fanny Belmore" (BC d'Arien), Hamburg 1774
  • "Duke Michel or the Nightingale" (Johann Christian Krüger), comedy with song in 1 act, 1775; First performance Berlin, May 4, 1876
  • “Erwin and Elmire” (JW von Goethe), play with singing in 2 acts, world premiere in Frankfurt am Main, September 13, 1775
  • “The old Freyer”, Singspiel in 1 act, Frankfurt am Main, world premiere in Berlin (Döbbelin), October 2, 1775
  • "The Barber of Seville or The Unnecessary Caution" (Georg Wilhelm Großmann after PAC de Beaumarchais), Singspiel, world premiere in Berlin (Döbbelin), October 2, 1776
  • “The charmed or Peter and Hannchen” (J. André after Marie Justine Benoite Favard), comic opera in 1 act, world premiere in Berlin (Döbbelin), October 18, 1877
  • “The prince in the highest splendor” (Johann Friedrich Schink), prelude with singing to the birthday party of Prince Friedrich Wilhelm of Prussia, Berlin 1777
  • “Die Schadenfreude” (Christian F. Weisse), children's opera in 1 act, Berlin 1778
  • "The Alchemist or the Devil of Love" (August Gottlieb Meissner), Berlin Döbbelin), August 11, 1778
  • "The Graces" (Anna Luise Karsch), allegorical prelude, Berlin 1778
  • “Azakia” (Christoph Friedrich Schwan), Singspiel with singing in 3 acts, world premiere in Berlin (Döbbelin), November 26th, 1778
  • "Harlequin hairdresser or the magic trumpet" (Lanz), pantomime, Berlin, Monbijou 1778
  • "Laura Rosetti" (Bernhard Christian d'Arien), Singspiel, Berlin (Döbbelin), 23 May 1778
  • "Claudine von Villa Bella" (Joh. W. Von Goethe), Singspiel, Berlin 1778
  • "The Tartar Law" (Friedrich Wilhelm Gotter), Singspiel in 3 Acts, Berlin 1779
  • "Age does not protect against folly", comic opera in 1 act, Mannheim 1779
  • “The celebration of peace or the unexpected return” (Chr. F. Weisse), comedy for children in 2 acts, Berlin 1779
  • "Friedrich's most glorious victory", prelude with singing, Berlin 1779
  • “The Tartar Law” (Friedrich Wilhelm Gotter), Singspiel in 3 acts, world premiere: Berlin (Döbbelin), May 31, 1779
  • "Short folly is the best" (Ludwig Friedrich Wilhelm Meyer after Molière), Singspiel in one act, world premiere: Berlin (Döbbelin), July 8, 1780
  • “The angry army or the girl in the tower” (Chrostoph Friedrich Bretzner), Singspiel in 3 acts, world premiere: Berlin (Döbbelin), November 22, 1780
  • "Heinrich the Sublime from the tribe of the Brennen" (Carl Theophilus Doebbelin), prelude with singing, Berlin 1780
  • “Der Zauberspiegel” (Joh. André from French), opera in 1 act, world premiere: Berlin (Döbbelin), January 18, 1781 (possibly a translation by A.-E.-M. Grétry's “Le Fausse Magie”
  • "The Abduction from the Seraglio or Belmonte and Constanze" (Christoph Friedrich Bretzner), Singspiel in 3 Acts, Berlin, Doebbelin Theater, May 25, 1781 (and among others Schwedt 1785). Carl Friedrich Schneider, Leipzig 1781. dnb reprint: Hessisches Staatstheater Wiesbaden : Die Entführung aus dem Seraglio , program booklet 175, season 1995/96.
  • "More than Großmuth", play with song and dance in 1 act, Berlin (Döbbelin), January 24, 1781
  • “Friedrich's birth festival celebrated by an officer in the country” (A. Sander), family scene with singing, Berlin, January 24, 1782
  • "Elmine" (Carl Ludwig von Drais-Sauerbronn), play with singing in 3 acts, Berlin (Döbbelin), February 14, 1782
  • "One thing will help or the application out of love" (after Alain-René Lesage and Jacques-Philippe d'Orneval), Singspiel in 2 elevators, Berlin (Döbbelin), August 24, 1882
  • “The lover as an automaton or the talking machine” (after Cunnet D'Orbeil), Singspiel in 1 act, Berlin (Döbbelin), September 11, 1782, Hamburg, Stadttheater: July 12, 1884
  • “The Barber of Baghdad” (Joh. André after Charles Palissot de Montenoy), Singspiel in 3 acts, Berlin (Döbbelin), 1783
  • “The bridegroom in a tight spot” (Ludwig Friedrich Wilhelm Meyer), Singspiel in one act, Frankfurt am Main 1786

further:

  • "The three brothers as rivals" (from the French), 1772
  • "The deceived Cadi" ("Le Cadi dupé", from French), 1772
  • "The ungrateful sons or the school of the fathers" (from the French by Alexis Piron), Offenbach a. M. 1776
  • “The Sorrows of Young Werher”, 1776
  • “Macbeth”, incidental music, 1778
  • "King Lear", incidental music, 1778
  • “Frederick's dearest victims”, ballet, 1780
  • "Lanassa", incidental music for the tragedy of Carl Maria Plümicke "Veuve de Malabar" in 5 acts: Overture, Entreakt and Choirs, 1781, première: Berlin, January 9, 1782
  • “Der Oberamtmann”, incidental music, 1781
  • "The lovable old man" (Dyk), incidental music, 1782
  • "Lenore, set to music and dedicated to his friend Mr. Peter Bernard, by Johann André", ballad for 1 violin, flute, oboe etc. (Gottfried August Bürger), Berlin 1782
  • "The pretended lord", Singspiel. First performance in 1790 in Riga

Setting of song collections and poem texts to music:

  • "Joking Songs", 1774
  • “Exquisite Joking and Tender Songs”, 1774
  • "Musical bouquet", 1776
  • "New Collection of Songs", 3 volumes, 1793
  • “O my confidante” (?), Berlin 1780
  • "Relieve my worries" (Henriette EC Von Hagen, 1773), Berlin 1780 *
  • “The lovely full cup is covered with leaves”, poem by Matthias Claudius
  • "Bergmannslied" (Johann Christian Wagner)
  • "The violet" (Johann Wolfgang von Goethe)
  • "The evening" (Friedrich von Matthisson)
  • "The spring evening" (Heinrich Christoph von Liebau)
  • "The Wanderer", "The Poor Girl" (Johann Ludwig Ambühl)
  • "In a valley, by a stream" (Johann André after Marie-Justine Favart)

also a “potato cantate”.

Chamber music (selection):

  • “Sonata for violin, violoncello and harpsichord”, op. 1, 1776
  • “The women of Weinsberg”, for piano. Offenbach a. Main 1802
  • “Leonore” (Burger), for piano

Editions:

  • “Comedy plays and operettas based on French models”, 3 parts, 1772
  • "Epigrammatic flower picking" (poems), 3 collections, Offenbach 1775 to 1778

Translation:

  • "The Colony", opera in 2 acts, translated from French. Frankfurt am Main 1776.
  • “The silk shoes or the pretty shoemaker”, opera in 2 acts, from the French by Mr. Badigaud Baron von Serrières. Frankfurt am Main 1776.
  • "Richard the Lionheart", opera in 3 acts from the French ("Richard Coeur de Lion") by Michel Jean Sedaine, music by André-Ernest-Modeste Grétry. Langen, Cologne 1789.
  • "Félix ou L'enfant trouvé" (Felix or The Findling), music by Pierre-Alexandre Monsigny (1729–1817), translated from the French by Michel-Jean Sedaine (1719–1797) by Johann André; printed by Julius Conrad Daniel Müller, Riga 1790.
  • “The beautiful Arsène”, Singspiel in 4 acts from the French by Charles Simon Favart; Music: Pierre Alexandre Monsigny, Hamburg, Stadttheater, July 16, 1884.

Portrait

  • Georg Oswald May (1738–1816): Oil painting, around 1810: KAJ André collection.
  • Daniel Berger (1744–1825): Etching after Johann Christoph Frisch (1738–1815) (head in profile to the left in the round medallion frame).
  • Gustav Georg Ender (1754–1824): silhouette, profile to the right; Copper engraving, Heinrich August Ottokar Reichard (ed.): Theater calendar, to the year 1778, Carl Wilhelm Ettinger, Gotha 1778, Fig. VI.

literature

  • Paperback for actors and drama lovers. To the Most Serene Prince and Lord, Mr. Wolfgang Ernst, Prince of Ysenburg, Count of Büdingen, the royal. Polish White Eagle Order Knight. Ulrich Weiß, Offenbach am Mayn 1779, Now-Living Dramatic Writers, p. 233.
  • JC Giesecke (ed.): Handbook for poets and literators. T. 1, Magdeburg 1793, p. 35 f.
  • Erduin Julius Koch: Compendium of German literature history from the oldest times up to the year 1781. Volume 1, Berlin 1779, p. 305.
  • Ernst Ludwig Gerber (ed.): Historical-biographical lexicon of the Tonkünstler, which contains news of the life and works of musical writers, important composers, singers, masters of instruments, amateurs, organ and instrument makers. 1st part: A – M. Johann Gottlieb Immanuel Breitkopf, Leipzig 1790, Sp. 38–42 (here also JA André).
  • Renatus Gotthelf Löbel, Christian Wilhelm Franke (Hrsg.): Conversationslexicon with excellent consideration of the present times. Women's room lexicon to facilitate conversation and reading. T. 1, Leipzig 1796, p. 55.
  • Johann Georg Meusel: Lexicon of the German writers who died from 1750 to 1800. Volume 1, Fleischer, Leipzig 1802, pp. 92-93.
  • Johann Christian Friedrich Haug, Friedrich Christ. Weisser (Ed.): Epigrammatic Anthology. Fourth part, Orell, Füßli & Co., Zurich 1807. (79) Johann André (poems), pp. 264–268.
  • Karl Heinrich Jördens: Lexicon of German poets and prose writers. Volume 5: T-Z. Additions and corrections. Weidmann, Leipzig 1810, pp. 715-717.
  • Ernst Ludwig Gerber among other things: New historical-biographical lexicon of the Tonkünstler which gives news of the life and works of musical writers, famous composers, singers, masters of instruments, artistic amateurs, music publishers, also organ and instrument makers, old and new, from all Nations contains. First part: AD. A. Kühnel, Leipzig 1812, Col. 98-99.
  • Samuel Baur (Ed.): New historical-biographical-literary concise dictionary from the creation of the world to the end of the 18th century (...). Volume 1, Stettin, Ulm 1816, p. 117.
  • Friedrich Raßmann (Ed.): Deutscher Dichternekrolog, or condensed overview of the deceased German poets, novelists, storytellers and translators, together with precise details of their writings. GW Happach, Nordhausen 1818, pp. 6-7.
  • Johann Georg Meusel: The learned Teutschland or Lexicon of the now living German writers. Verlag der Meyerschen Buchhandlung, Lemgo 1822, p. 14.
  • History and memory calendar. A useful diary for all classes, but especially for friends of religion and history. Second year. JP Sollinger, Vienna 1826.
  • Heinrich Eduard Scriba: in: Biographical-literary lexicon of the writers of the Grand Duchy of Hesse in the first quarter of the 19th century. 1st Abth. Leske, Darmstadt 1831, p. 6 (see André, Johann Anton).
  • Gustav Schilling (arrangement): Encyclopedia of the Entire Musical Sciences or Universal Lexicon of Tonkunst (...). First volume. A. - Bq. Franz Heinrich Köhler, Stuttgart 1835, pp. 196-198.
  • Johann Samuelersch (Hrsg.): Handbook of German literature. Volume 2: from the middle of the 18th century to the most recent times. FA Brockhaus, Leipzig 1840.
  • Musical conversation lexicon. Encyclopedia of the entire music science for artists, friends of the arts and the educated (...). edited by A (August) Gathy. 2nd edition., W. Niemeyer, Hamburg 1840, p. 14.
  • Musical history and remembrance calendar for the Austrian imperial state for the common year 1842. First year, Vienna 1842, p. 19.
  • Carl Freiherr von Ledebur (Hrsg.): Tonkünstler-Lexikon Berlin's from the oldest times to the present. Ludwig Rauh, Berlin 1861, pp. 10-11.
  • Gottfried Brun (Hrsg.): Handbook of German literature. Joseph Stahel, Vienna 1888, p. 82.
  • Wolfgang Matthäus: Johann André music publisher in Offenbach am Main. Publishing history and bibliography. Tutzing 1973.
  • Britta Constapel: The music publisher Johann André in Offenbach am Main. Study of the publishing activities of Johann Anton André and a list of music from 1800 to 1840. Dissertation. Würzburg 1998. Würzburg music history contributions. Tutzing 1998, ISBN 3-7952-0941-2 . Review: Fritz Kaiser, in: Bibliotheksservice-Zentrum (BSZ) Baden-Württemberg // Southwest German Library Association (bsz-bw.de)
  • Anika Grodon: Margravial Kapellmeister and Schwedt court composer Johann André (1741–1799) and Johann Abraham Peter Schulz. In: Uckermärkischer Geschichtsverein zu Prenzlau. 2001, pp. 24-25.
  • Helmut Scheunchen : Lexicon of German Baltic Music. Harro von Hirschheydt publishing house, Wedemark-Elze 2002, ISBN 3-7777-0730-9 , p. 27 (for the premiere of his musical play "Der Verstellte Lord" in 1790 in Riga).
  • Arrey von Dommer :  André, Johann . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 1, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1875, p. 434 f.
  • Helmut Wirth:  André, Johann. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 1, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1953, ISBN 3-428-00182-6 , p. 276 ( digitized version ).

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ one daughter, Elisabeth Antoinette André (1745–1815), married the painter Georg Oswald May in 1837 , who a. a. provided a portrait of Johann André
  2. ↑ offenbach.de
  3. ↑ Musical almanac for Germany for the year 1782, Schwickert, Leipzig 1782, p. 22: Orchestra of the Döbbelinische Actor Society in Berlin. Music director, Mr. Andre. Concert master, Mr. Friedr. Ludw. Benda. (...)
  4. ^ Gustav Schilling (arrangement): Encyclopädie, p. 195.
  5. ↑ Johann André. Retrieved August 21, 2019 .
  6. ^ Joseph Kürschner: Frischmuth, Johann Christian. In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie. 8, 1878, pp. 104-105. (deutsche-biographie.de)
  7. ^ Arnold Weber (Hrsg.): Literature and theater newspaper of the first year, third part. Berlin 1778, review p. 599.
  8. ↑ whose libretto Mozart plagiarized in Die Entführung aus dem Serail
  9. ↑ all to: operone.de ; partially supplemented
  10. ↑ s. Scheunchen: Lexicon of Baltic German Music, p. 27.
  11. ^ Peter Motzfeld (arr.): The portrait collection of the Herzog August Library Wolfenbüttel. Biographical and bibliographical descriptions with artist register. Volume I: A-Bra. KG Saur, Munich 1996, p. 46, inv.no. 360
personal data
SURNAME André, Johann
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German musician, composer and music publisher
DATE OF BIRTH March 28, 1741
PLACE OF BIRTH Offenbach am Main
DATE OF DEATH June 18, 1799
Place of death Offenbach am Main