Johann Heinrich Jacob Müller

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Johann Heinrich Jacob Müller, lithograph by Rudolf Hoffmann , 1856

Johann Heinrich Jacob Müller (born April 30, 1809 in Kassel , † October 3, 1875 in Freiburg im Breisgau ) was a German mathematician and physicist.

Life

His parents were the painter and engraver Franz Hubert Müller (1784–1835) and Anna Maria Gertrud Koerber. His brothers were Andreas (1811–1890), Constantin (1815–49) and Carl (1818–93). He spent his youth in Frankfurt / Main and Darmstadt, where his father was appointed gallery inspector by Grand Duke Ludwig I in 1817 and director of the GemKarl Müller (painter) äldegalerie in 1823.

In 1829 he began his studies of mathematics and physics in Bonn with Julius Plücker and from 1832 in Giessen with Justus von Liebig , where in the following year he explained the isochromatic curves, which show single-axis crystals cut parallel to the axis in homogeneous polarized light, to Dr. . phil. PhD . During his studies in 1832 he became a member of the old Gießen fraternity Germania .

In 1834 he became a teacher at the Darmstadt high school and in 1837 at the Realschule in Gießen.

His work Introduction to Physics from 1842/43 goes back to Claude Servais Mathias Pouillet's Elements de physique expérimentale et de météorologe from 1827.

In 1844 he was appointed as the successor to Gustav Friedrich Wucherer (1780–1843) at the University of Freiburg to hold the chair for physics and technology, with the appointment of full professor. Soon after, he also became dean.

He researched optics, galvanism and magnetism as well as light and heat radiation; from 1846 he also examined Fraunhofer lines , where he gained new knowledge about ultraviolet rays and later also about the thermal effects of the solar spectrum. In 1856 he demonstrated ultraviolet rays by photography. He experimentally determined the laws of galvanic glowing of wires, which were also re- examined by Johann Karl Friedrich Zöllner in 1861 and became particularly important after the introduction of the electric incandescent lamp. In 1858 he took up Rumford's (1753–1814) differential thermometer again. The "Muller Stripes" go back to him. These are observed in the spectroscopic examinations of polychromatic light that penetrates an optically anisotropic crystal plate located between crossed polarizations.

Emil Berliner was enthusiastic about his book Synopsis of Physics and Meteorology from 1854 .

Publications

  • Outline of physics and meteorology . Vieweg, Braunschweig 1846
  • Letters to a German princess on various subjects in physics and philosophy. Edited anew from French. In three parts. 1848; (Revised the 234 letters from Leonhard Euler to Friederike Charlotte von Brandenburg-Schwedt from 1760–62) ( limited preview in the Google book search)
  • Report on the latest advances in physics. 1849
  • Textbook of Physics and Meteorology: Partly based on Pouillet's ... 1868 ( limited preview in Google book search)
  • Textbook of cosmic physics. 1856
  • Principles of physics and meteorology. Hippolyte Baillière, London 1847
  • The beginnings of the geometric disciplines for grammar schools, secondary schools and industrial schools. 1860
  • Outline of physics and meteorology. 1866
  • Basic features of crystallography. 1868
  • The medical physics. 1866; with Adolf Fick
  • The temperature of the earth. In: Harry Blake Hodges: A Course in Scientific German. ( limited preview in Google Book search)

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Düsseldorf city archive: Andreas Johannes Jacobus Heinrich Müller, correspondence 1856–1877
  2. ^ Paul Wentzcke : Fraternity lists. Second volume: Hans Schneider and Georg Lehnert: Gießen - The Gießener Burschenschaft 1814 to 1936. Görlitz 1942, F. Germania. No. 466.
  3. ^ Moritz Cantor:  Wucherer, Gustav Friedrich . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 44, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1898, pp. 261-263.
  4. ^ University of Freiburg: Inventory B 38 Philosophical Faculty 1460–1935 ( Memento from June 11, 2007 in the Internet Archive )
  5. ^ Robert Knott:  Zöllner, Johann Karl Friedrich . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 45, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1900, pp. 426-428.
  6. ↑ Ludwig Darmstaedter: Handbook on the History of Natural Sciences and Technology 1866 (PDF; 2.2 MB)
  7. ↑ freunde-alter-wetterinstrument.de: Thermometry History ( Memento from December 26, 2010 in the Internet Archive )
  8. ↑ Kleber, Bautsch, Bohm, Klimm: Introduction to Crystallography, Oldenbourg-Verlag 2010, p. 316 ( ISBN 978-3-486-59075-3 )

Web links

Wikisource: Johann Heinrich Jacob Müller  - Sources and full texts
personal data
SURNAME Müller, Johann Heinrich Jacob
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German mathematician and physicist
DATE OF BIRTH April 30, 1809
PLACE OF BIRTH kassel
DATE OF DEATH October 3, 1875
Place of death Freiburg in Breisgau