Johann I (Lorraine)
Johann I (* 1346 ; † September 23, 1390 in Paris ) was Duke of Lorraine from 1346 to 1390. He was the son of Duke Rudolf and Marie de Châtillon.
biography
He became Duke of Lorraine when his father died in the Battle of Crécy six months after his birth . Until 1353 he was under the reign of his mother Marie de Châtillon and Count Eberhard II of Württemberg . In December of the same year he swore the feudal oath to Emperor Charles IV , for which he was appointed lieutenant general of the empire in the Moselle region , i.e. deputy to the emperor on the Moselle. 1356 and again in 1365 took John I on the side of the Teutonic Order at its crusade against the Lithuanians in part.
On the other hand, he fought on the French side in the Battle of Maupertuis on September 19, 1356 , supported the Dauphin Karl in the Paris uprising, took part in his coronation in Reims on May 19, 1364 , and on the side of his uncle Karl von Blois in Breton War of Succession , which ended with the Battle of Auray on September 29, 1364, the death of Charles and the capture of Johann and Bertrand du Guesclin . In the following years he helped Charles V and later Charles VI. during the reconquest of the territories lost by the Treaty of Brétigny (1360).
The end of his rule, however, was marked by a distancing from the French court, on the one hand because he had to fight the Grandes Compagnies , who lived in his duchy, on the other hand, because the royal officials tried to reduce relations between the Lorraine nobility and theirs Duke to regulate and thereby consolidate their influence in Lorraine. As a result of his distancing, John I Philip the Bold , Duke of Burgundy, came closer . He died on September 23, 1390 in Paris, where he was to defend himself before the Parliament , after he had been accused of abuse of power by the residents of Neufchâteau .
progeny
Johann I married Sophie von Württemberg, (* 1343, † 1369), the daughter of his former guardian Eberhard II , on December 16, 1361 in Stuttgart ; her children were:
- Charles II , Duke of Lorraine, † 1431; ∞ Margarete von der Pfalz , † 1434, daughter of King Ruprecht ( Wittelsbacher )
- Friedrich , X 1415, Count of Vaudémont, ∞ Marguerite de Joinville , Countess of Vaudémont, daughter of Henri, Sire de Joinville
- Isabelle, † after 1423; ∞ Enguerrand VII. De Coucy , Earl of Bedford , Count of Soissons , † 1397 ( House of Gent )
literature
- Henry Bogdan: La Lorraine des ducs. Sept siècles d'histoire. Perrin, Paris 2005, ISBN 2-262-02113-9 .
- Walter Mohr: Johann I. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 10, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1974, ISBN 3-428-00191-5 , p. 494 ( digitized version ).
- Detlev Schwennicke : European family tables . New series Volume 1, 2: Přemyslids, Ascanians, Dukes of Lorraine, the houses of Hesse, Württemberg and Zähringen. Klostermann, Frankfurt am Main 1999, ISBN 3-465-03020-6 , plate 205.
See also
Web links
| predecessor | Office | successor |
|---|---|---|
| Rudolf |
Duke of Lorraine 1346-1390 |
Charles II |
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Johann I. |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Jean I. |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Duke of Upper Lorraine |
| DATE OF BIRTH | 1346 |
| DATE OF DEATH | September 23, 1390 |
| Place of death | Paris |