Johannes Güthling

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Johannes Güthling (born October 23, 1903 in Dobien , Wittenberg district , † April 23, 1979 in Buxtehude ) was a German SS leader , senior director of studies and reform pedagogue .

Life

Youth, studies, marriage

Johannes Güthling came from a Protestant family . His father was a pastor in the Prussian province of Saxony and taught him privately up to the 11th grade. Only Unterprima and Prima graduated Güthling at the secondary school in the Francke Foundations in Halle (Saale) .

After graduating from high school in 1922, Güthling studied mathematics and physics at the University of Halle-Wittenberg . In 1924, while still a student, Güthling completed a military exercise with the 11th (Saxon) infantry regiment of the Reichswehr , which lasted several weeks . In 1927 he received his doctorate as Dr. phil. with the topic "Comparative studies on the sense of proportion for routes and areas". In 1928 the state examination for the higher teaching post at grammar schools followed. After traineeship and pedagogical examination (1928–1930), Güthling began his first position in 1930 at what is now GutsMuths-Gymnasium in Quedlinburg . In 1931 he married Margret Schultes, whose father was a doctor and social democrat. Güthling himself joined the SPD in 1930 .

time of the nationalsocialism

After the National Socialists came to power , Güthling switched to the NSDAP in spring 1933 ( membership number 1.978.074) and joined the General SS in June (SS number 228.396). This political change brought about a falling out with his in-laws and led to his divorce from his wife Margret in 1934.

From 1934 to 1936 Güthling worked at the national political educational institute in Naumburg (Saale) , where he worked in the 2nd Hundred / Dept. 9 combined classes. He married Katharina Esau in October 1936, resigned from the Protestant Church and from then on called himself a believer in God, like many National Socialists .

In 1936 Güthling moved to the high school in Hirschberg . Here he also headed the branch of the Security Service (SD) and was promoted to SS-Untersturmführer on April 20, 1938 . The historian Hans-Jürgen Döscher emphasizes that the next promotion to SS-Hauptsturmführer on October 25, 1938 was a so-called jump promotion because it passed the rank of Obersturmführer. According to Döscher, Güthling owed this unusually quick promotion personally to the chief of the security police and SD Reinhard Heydrich . Güthling's reports from the SD branch in Hirschberg went directly to Heydrich. They were considered important because of the proximity of Hirschberg to Czechoslovakia during the Sudeten crisis in 1937 and 1938. Güthling became a full-time SS leader in the SD main office from October 1, 1938 and rose to become section leader of the SD in the Reichenberg district , which included the formerly Czech areas of Liberec and Turnov .

Due to internal quarrels with the SD upper section in Dresden, Güthling was transferred to the Wehrmacht when the German attack on Poland began on September 1, 1939. During the attack on Poland he was an officer in the 23rd motorcycle battalion, in the war against the Soviet Union from 1941 first of the 16th Panzer Division and later the 23rd Panzer Division . During the Second World War , Güthling received numerous military awards, including the German Cross in Gold . On 21 June 1943 he was awarded Heinrich Himmler the Silver Ring of Honor SS . In between, Güthling worked several times as a senior teacher at high schools. He left the German Wehrmacht with the rank of major in the reserve. As a “volunteer employee” of the SD, he was promoted to SS-Sturmbannführer in 1944 .

After 1945

Internment and denazification

After the end of the war, Güthling, who - in order not to fall into the hands of the Red Army - had surrendered to the American military, was interned for two years. During his subsequent denazification process , he was initially classified in the group of followers (category IV) by the denazification committee in Nienburg / Weser in 1949 . In the course of the proceedings, the committee believed Güthling's statements that he had only become a “speaker at the SD” “to secure his existence”. A year later, Güthling was reclassified to Category V by the Hanover Denazification Committee . He was now considered completely unencumbered and was permanently employed at the Buxtehude municipal high school as a “senior student councilor for reuse”.

Worked as a school reformer in the 1950s and 1960s

From 1954 until his retirement in 1969, Güthling was senior director of the grammar school, which was renamed Halepaghen-Schule Buxtehude in 1952 . During this time, he took significant portions of the first in the 1970s by the Standing Conference institutionalized school reform and the general expansion of education already anticipated.

In the 1950s and early 1960s, he first reformed the student co-administration (SMV) by helping the Halepaghen School to reform the SMV regulations in force at the time in the federal board of the SMV thematic class trips and rebuilt adult education with the offer of a school leaving examination for non-school students on the second educational path .

In 1966 he initiated the Buxtehude model , which he helped to design, with a resolution of the overall conference, but in accordance with the legal regulation on the responsible participation of students in the life and work of the school according to Section 22, Paragraph 3 of the School Administration Act of that time Years later it was officially recognized as a school trial by the Lower Saxony Ministry of Culture and has shaped the public perception of the Halepaghen School to the present day. On the one hand, the model encompassed education for independence and the ability to study later through the course content chosen by the students in grades 12 and 13, and on the other hand, equal participation of the students in a newly created decision-making body, the Joint Committee .

The newly designed upper school level was introduced nationwide with the agreement of the Conference of Ministers of Education on July 7, 1972.

Güthling's reform pedagogical views have been the subject of controversial reports in national media on several occasions. Last but not least, his view, expressed in a public lecture, that anyone who does not cheat in school is not fit to live, caused a stir nationwide.

At the same time, the contribution represented a criticism of the grading of the Abitur as a "selective event" that was customary at the time. The assessments of the performance certificates provided in grades 12 and 13 were included in the final grade from 1972 to provide the grade average that is decisive for the further advancement of the Abitur graduates objectify.

Publications

  • One will not mature to freedom unless one is set free beforehand. In: Halepagenschule Buxtehude. Messages from school and school association. December 1966, pp. 9-14.
  • The Buxtehude model in the daily press. In: We do with , vol. 16, issue 3, p. 3 f.
  • Buxtehude model: teachers and students have a say. In: We participate , vol. 17, issue 1, p. 6 f.
  • The Nenndorfer recommendations and their realizations so far. In: Record of the teacher training course 20/69 "Contemporary design of the upper level" from February 17-22, 1969 in the teacher training center in Braunlage. Pp. 5-11.
  • Trial in Buxtehude. In: Die Deutsche Schule , vol. 61, issue 1, pp. 53–56.

literature

  • Hans-Jürgen Döscher : Johannes Güthling (1903–1979). Pastor's son, “God-believing” National Socialist, reform pedagogue. Osnabrück 2013.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Uwe Wolfradt, Elfriede Billmann-Mahecha, Armin Stock (eds.): German-speaking psychologists 1933–1945 . Springer, 2015, ISBN 978-3-658-01480-3 , pp. 153 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
  2. ^ Hans-Jürgen Döscher: Johannes Güthling (1903–1979). Pastor's son, “God-believing” National Socialist, reform pedagogue . Osnabrück 2013, pp. 3–5.
  3. ^ Hans-Jürgen Döscher: Johannes Güthling (1903–1979). Pastor's son, “God-believing” National Socialist, reform pedagogue . Osnabrück 2013, p. 4f.
  4. ^ Adolf Schieffer: The NPEA in Naumburg and in Schulpforta. Stronghold of the German spirit.
  5. ^ Hans-Jürgen Döscher: Johannes Güthling (1903–1979). Pastor's son, “God-believing” National Socialist, reform pedagogue . Osnabrück 2013, p. 5f.
  6. ^ Hans-Jürgen Döscher: Johannes Güthling (1903–1979). Pastor's son, “God-believing” National Socialist, reform pedagogue . Osnabrück 2013, pp. 7–9.
  7. ^ Hans-Jürgen Döscher: Johannes Güthling (1903–1979). Pastor's son, “God-believing” National Socialist, reform pedagogue . Osnabrück 2013, p. 9.
  8. ↑ ww2awards.com .
  9. ^ Hans-Jürgen Döscher: Johannes Güthling (1903–1979). Pastor's son, “God-believing” National Socialist, reform pedagogue . Osnabrück 2013, p. 10.
  10. ^ Hans-Jürgen Döscher: Johannes Güthling (1903–1979). Pastor's son, “God-believing” National Socialist, reform pedagogue . Osnabrück 2013, p. 14ff., Quotation p. 16
  11. ^ Hans-Jürgen Döscher: Johannes Güthling (1903–1979). Pastor's son, “God-believing” National Socialist, reform pedagogue . Osnabrück 2013, p. 19.
  12. ↑ Ernst-August Spengler: Reconstruction and Consolidation. The Halepaghen School from 1945 to 1965 , in: Halepaghen School (Hrsg.): Halepaghen School 600 years. Commemorative publication for the 600th anniversary. Buxtehude 1991.
  13. ↑ Joachim Detjen : The "Buxtehuder Model" (1966) , in: Halepaghen School (ed.): Halepaghen School 600 Years. Commemorative publication for the 600th anniversary. Buxtehude 1991, pp. 53-76.
  14. ^ Franz-Josef Hutsch: It all started with the 'Buxtehude model' . Hamburger Abendblatt, August 9, 2002. Access for a fee.
  15. ↑ Tom Kreib: The Buxtehude model attracted him: Hans-Jürgen von Maercker disembark . District newspaper, July 25, 2014.
  16. ↑ Agreement on the design of the upper secondary level in upper secondary level (resolution of the Conference of Ministers of Education and Cultural Affairs of July 7, 1972 as amended on June 2, 2006)
  17. ↑ Cheating must be , Main-Post dated July 2, 1969.
  18. ↑ A senior director of studies from Buxtehude takes cheating students under protection, Stern 23/1969.
  19. ↑ The Director and Cheating, Stern 26/1969.
  20. ↑ Halepaghen School: It began at the Halepaghen School in 1966 with the Buxtehude model pdf. Retrieved November 29, 2014.
personal data
SURNAME Güthling, Johannes
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German senior director of studies and reform pedagogue
DATE OF BIRTH October 23, 1903
PLACE OF BIRTH Dobien , Wittenberg district
DATE OF DEATH April 23, 1979
Place of death Buxtehude