Johannes Mulberg

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Johannes Mulberg (* around 1350 in Kleinbasel ; † December 4 or 5, 1414 in the Barefoot Monastery Überlingen in Überlingen ) was a Swiss Dominican brother and religious reformer.

Life

Johannes Mulberg was born the son of a shoe repairer. His sisters were called Katharina, Adelheid and Elß. Up to the age of 20 he practiced his father's craft as a shoemaker .

Around 1370 he entered the Dominican Order and was educated in Basel and Prague . In Prague he obtained the title of bachelor in 1381 . He played a key role in the introduction of the order reform in a number of southern German Dominican monasteries.

In 1389 he came as one of thirty brothers under the leadership of Conrad of Prussia († 1426) to the Colmar convent in order to realize the observance in the first convent of brothers ; In 1390 he was appointed cursor in Colmar's house studies and thus had a direct influence on the education of the brothers. At this point in time the order was temporarily torn into three "observances" by the great occidental schism and Raimund von Capua, as general master of the Roman- urban observance, initiated a reform movement in 1390.

At an unknown time, Johannes Mulberg became prior of the Würzburg Dominican monastery , but in 1395 he was chased out of office by the anti-reform party. He became prior in the Dominican monastery in Nuremberg . In July 1397 he handed over the office to Konrad von Prussia because he was appointed vicar of the general magisterium for the Nuremberg Convention, which was supposed to introduce the reforms.

In 1399 he appears as the successor to Johannes von Witten as prior of the Colmar Dominican monastery and in 1400 in the Dominican monastery in Basel . In Basel, together with Heinrich von Rheinfelden , he opened his campaign and an episcopal inquisition proceedings against the beguines and begarians there , whom they accused of illegally assuming the clergy as laypeople and of feeding themselves with begging instead of work. He also explicitly attacked the 3rd Rule of St. Francis. This is not an order, but only mediates a way to live repentant. His campaign spread to the neighboring dioceses of Constance , Speyer , Lausanne and Strasbourg . Despite the violent opposition of the Franciscan order , he was able to enforce the closure of the Basel Beguinage and Begarden houses in 1405. This led to the fact that the Franciscans appealed to Pope Innocent VII and this asked Johannes Mulberg to appear at the papal court in Rome in the autumn of 1405 ; he stayed there until 1411.

In 1409 he accompanied Cardinal Giovanni Dominici to the Council of Pisa , which could not settle the schism.

When he returned in 1411, he received from Pope Gregory XII. the assignment to act as a preacher for the elimination of the schism . In Basel he preached sermons against the ruling vices, which induced the council to issue strict moral codes. But he also preached against the moral weaknesses of the clergy and prophetically held out the prospect of severe penal courts. This zeal for reform probably contributed to the fact that one in Basel, where only Pope John XXIII. was recognized because of his obedience to Pope Gregory XII. tried as a heretic and schismatic and then expelled from the city.

According to his friar Johannes Nider , he was considered the most important popular preacher of his time.

Johannes Mulberg died in 1414 in the barefoot monastery in Überlingen on the way to the Council of Constance . Since the monastery was not used for the observance of Gregory XII. heard, Cardinal Dominici arranged for the body to be transferred to Maulbronn Monastery . His epitaph is preserved in the north aisle of the monastery church .

Mulberg was widely regarded as a god sent prophet .

Works

  • Tractatus contra Beginas et Beghardos .
  • Johannes Mulberg; Nicolaus, Oresmius : Joannes de Basilea de I. et II. Sententiarum anno 1401. Eiusdem responsiones ad decem quaestiones. Nicolaus Orem de communicatione idiomatum . 15th century.

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c inschriften.net the grave stone Johannes Mulbergs
  2. ^ Brigitte Degler-Spengler : The history of the Beguinage in Basel. Basler Zeitschrift für Geschichte und Altertumskunde, Volume 69, 1969., accessed on March 6, 2019 .
  3. ↑ Brigitte Degler-Spengler: The spiritual life of the Beguines and Begarden of Basel. Basler Zeitschrift für Geschichte und Altertumskunde, Volume 69, 1969, accessed on March 6, 2019 .
personal data
SURNAME Mulberg, Johannes
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Mülberg, Johann; Mulberg, Johannes; Johannes, de Basilea; Johannes, Mulberg de Basilea; Mulberg, Johann; Maulburg, Johann; Mülberg, Johannes; Maulburg, Johannes; Joannes, de Muhlberg; Mulberg, Johannes von; Maulberg, Johannes; Muellberger, Johannes
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Swiss Dominican and religious reformer
DATE OF BIRTH around 1350
PLACE OF BIRTH Kleinbasel
DATE OF DEATH December 4, 1414 or December 5, 1414
Place of death Überlingen