Giovanni Dominici

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Fra Angelico : Giovanni Dominici , portrait medallion from the crucifixion of Christ with saints , Florence 1441

Giovanni Dominici or Johannes Dominici OP , family name Banchini , (* around 1356 in Florence , † June 10, 1419 in Buda ) was an Italian Dominican , theologian , religious reformer, Archbishop of Dubrovnik and cardinal and is a blessed of the Catholic Church .

Life

Giovanni Dominici came from a merchant family; his mother was a Venetian. In 1372 he entered the Dominican monastery of Santa Maria Novella in Florence, in 1375 he made his profession . According to legend, the intercession of St. Catherine of Siena healed from a language disorder . After his philosophical and theological studies he was ordained a priest in 1380 , became a subprior in 1381 and prior of the Florentine convent in 1387 .

In 1388 Dominici went to the religious college of San Zanipolo in Venice as an academic teacher . He was now one of the most important supporters of the order master Raimund von Capua , who was elected in 1380, in the reform of the Dominican order and, against strong opposition, promoted the plan to restore the original discipline ( observance ). In 1391 he became Raimund's deputy as master of the order and visitor to the Dominican observance monasteries. In 1395 the Venetian Benedictine convent Corpus Christi went under Dominici's leadership to the Dominican observance. In 1399, however, he was expelled by the magistrate of the Republic of Venice for organizing a public procession of the I Bianchi penitential movement against an express prohibition .

Dominici returned to Santa Maria Novella in Florence, where he continued to work as a teacher and for religious reform. In 1406 he founded the Dominican observant monastery in Fiesole , which Fra Angelico joined a decade and a half later . In the same year the Signoria of Florence sent him to the conclave in Rome , where he used his influence for the election of the aged Gregory XII. asserted. It was the time of the Western schism , and all the cardinals had sworn before the conclave that if they were elected, they would resign from the papal office if it were necessary to overcome the split.

In the year after the election, Gregory XII appointed Dominici as archbishop of Ragusa / Dubrovnik, in 1408 as cardinal priest with the titular church of San Sisto and in 1410 as diocesan administrator of Tropea . In 1414 he finally traveled to the Council of Constance on behalf of Gregory and negotiated the conditions for Gregory's resignation in favor of a new Pope recognized by all. His personal authority and diplomatic skills made a decisive contribution to overcoming the schism.

In Constance in 1415 Dominici witnessed the execution of the Bohemian " heretic " Jan Hus at the stake. The new Pope Martin V , elected in 1417, made Dominici his agent for the return of the Hussites to the Catholic Church. For this purpose he traveled to Bohemia in 1418, but there quickly recognized the hopelessness of attempts at conversion and recommended King Sigismund to take military action against the rebels. He died in Buda during this trip in June 1419. At the request of Sigismund, Martin V called in 1420 with the bull Omnium plasmatoris Domini for a crusade against the Hussites; The Hussite Wars , which lasted almost 20 years, followed .

Literary work

According to contemporary witnesses, Giovanni Dominici was a deeply moving preacher . The sermons, which have been preserved in Latin transcripts and summarized in thematic treatises, reveal little of this. Some of the essays in the vernacular are more lively ; they also deal with social and political issues and reveal a republican ideal of the state with a simultaneous rejection of the emerging professional politicians.

Dominici's most important work is the large-scale Latin treatise Lucula noctis , in which, referring to Coluccio Salutati , he argues against the ideals and educational content of Renaissance humanism .

Adoration

Dominici was buried in Buda in the Pauline Church. His grave was soon regarded as a place of healing miracles. When the church was destroyed during the Ottoman conquest of the city in 1541, the relics were lost, but the worship in the Dominican Order did not cease. Pope Gregory XVI gave her the ecclesiastical license in 1832.

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ The time of his resignation from the Archbishopric of Ragus and his successor there are uncertain ( [1] ).
  2. ↑ Santini, Enc. It.
  3. ↑ Debby, Political Views
predecessor Office successor
Niccolò Sacchi Archbishop of Dubrovnik
1408–1409 		Antonio da Rieti
personal data
SURNAME Dominici, Giovanni
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Dominici, Johannes; Banchini, Giovanni
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Italian Dominican and Cardinal, Blessed
DATE OF BIRTH around 1356
PLACE OF BIRTH Florence
DATE OF DEATH June 10, 1419
Place of death Buda