Johanniterhaus Küsnacht
The Johanniterhaus Küsnacht was the seat of a commander of the Johanniter in Küsnacht near Zurich.
founding
The Johanniter in Küsnacht had first contacts as early as 1276. At that time, the order bought two Jucharten Rebland from the wife of Zurich Mayor Johannes Bilgeri in Küsnacht and until 1305 they had the Niedere Mühle near Küsnachter Horn as a fief. In 1321 they owned vineyards in Heslibach and Goldbach .
The ecclesiastical possession regulatory administrative law, the church set , was of the first half until the 13th to mid-14th century with the barons of Tengen from the Hegau , which included in Küsnacht also farms and estates. On March 6, 1358, the brothers Konrad III, provost of the collegiate monastery in Embrach , and his brother Johannes von Tengen, in agreement with their brothers Rudolf and Friedrich, sold the Hof ze Küssnach, so the kilch and the kilche rate belong to 1093 silver marks Count Hugo II of Werdenberg , the commander of the Johanniterkommende of Wädenswil and Bubikon . The price corresponded to around 357 kilograms of silver and was paid in three installments guts silbersin schaffhuser gewicht , for which a receipt was issued in Schaffhausen .
In 1373 Pope Gregory XI transferred in Avignon the parish church at Küsnacht to the order at its request. The commander became independent, until now she was subordinate to the Commandery of the Wädenswiler Johanniter. Its members are mentioned for the first time in 1381.
buildings
In 1373, Count Hugo had a priest's house with an attached hospital built in the western vestibule of the Reformed Church on his own account. It stood with the gable facing the brook on the site of today's chanting hall wing of the Küsnacht canton school and was intended to accommodate six priests and six servants (members of the order of non-noble / knightly descent). The house was part of a closed church district with a church, vestibule and ossuary. The previous building was converted into an economic building.
In 1411, Commander Johannes Staler had the first house extended with a large main building; today's main building of the canton school stood parallel to the stream. During the renovations for the teachers' seminar in 1911, a stone tablet was discovered on the ground floor with the inscription:
- anno domini 1358 empta est ecclesia a fratre hugone comes de Werdenberg magister alimanie ordinis sancti johannis baptiste.
- anno domini 1411 constructa est hec domus cum muro completa a fratre ...
In addition to rooms for the commander, clergy and employees, the new building also housed a refectory , a library, an archive and a kitchen. A Krüterkemmerli , a small pharmacy, is also occupied. Individual rooms were decorated with wall paintings. In 1930 a mural was uncovered in the former refectory with a representation of "Invidia", the envy, which was probably part of a representation of the seven main sins.
At the same time as the new building, a 6.3 meter high wall was erected that interrupted the previous church path. The citizens of Küsnacht complained to the Zurich Council. He said the wall could be left, but a gate had to be broken into it.
Commander
The Küsnachter Komture originally came from noble families. Later they belonged to the clergy and finally they were members of respected middle-class families. In the case of noble committees, four generations had to be of noble origin, clergymen had to prove that they were born in marriage.
Burkhard Bilgeri
Burkhard Bilgeri , a member of a respected and wealthy Zurich city family, became the first commander of the new comrade. He worked from 1383 to 1392. Under Hugo II von Werdenberg-Sargans he was a member of the Wädenswil convent.
Rudolf von Landenberg-Werdegg
After 1393 Rudolf II von Landenberg- Werdegg was in charge of the commander. It is named after Werdegg Castle near Hittnau . He died before February 1400 and was buried in the church. The grave slab discovered in 1886 came to the State Museum. Rudolf von Landenberg left behind considerable debts, which the German Grand Prior Hesso Schlegelholz had to settle with the relatives of the deceased.
Johannes Schultheiss from Gebwiler
Commander Johannes Schultheiss came from Alsace. In 1396 he concluded perpetual castle rights with the city of Zurich, which had acquired the Vogtei Küsnacht in 1384. The commander and the brothers became citizens of the city and had to undertake to help the city at all times.
Johannes Staler
After apparently not exactly good experiences with the last two Komturen, the house came under external administration until 1407 Komtur Johannes Staler von Waldshut took over the management. The Coming Küsnacht flourished under him.
In 1411 he built the large main building and in 1415 he had a chapel built in the Küsnacht cemetery. On March 14, 1409, Staler bought the large tithe trot from Abbot Heinrich Pfau von Kappel for 200 pounds on the shores of Lake Zurich and had it adorned with a frescoed band on the west side. Staler was in charge of the commander until 1416. He died before November 28, 1423.
The Küsnachter Jahrzeitbuch writes about Staler that he did dissem huss vil gutz. Erbuwen das nüw hus an dem allten and a capell uff dem killchhoff. Ouch the trotting by the lake to cash from an apt to Cappell.
Jakob Kiel
Jakob Kiel from Zurich is attested as commander from 1421 to 1438, and presumably he was in office until 1449. In 1421 he appointed a priest who read mass three times a week in Erlenbach . In 1436 the commander refused to share in the cost of a belfry at the church; one action was dismissed by the Zurich council. Nevertheless, a bell cage was built in 1436 and the first bell was raised. Jakob Kiel is mentioned for the last time on December 1, 1438.
Heinrich Staler
In 1449 Heinrich Staler was ordained as Komtur von Küsnacht for life. Through numerous purchases, he expanded the possessions of the commander and had buildings renovated. In 1454 he acquired vines next to the Küsnachter religious house; in the same year he donated the Johanniterhaus in Bern. Heinrich Staler died on April 30, 1459.
Rudolf Keller
Heinrich Staler's successor was Rudolf Keller from Zurich in 1459. He had entered Küsnacht as a Johanniterbruder in 1430 and was also active in Wädenswil and Bubikon. Komtur Keller was in office until 1471.
Werner Marti
Werner Marti joined the Order of St. John in 1457 and has been recorded as a commander from 1475 to 1496. A late Gothic polygonal choir was added to the Küsnacht church under his direction . He gave the order to decorate the choir with paintings and donated the oak choir stalls on which his coat of arms is attached; a branch of a vine with a grape. The pictures were uncovered in 1923. Werner Marti acquired forest and vines for the coming and paid off hundred-year debts that came from the time of Commander Rudolf von Landenberg-Werdegg. In the Waldmannshandel of 1489, the Lake Zurich farmers appointed him their spokesman for the Zurich Council.
In December 1496 Marti resigned for health reasons, after which he worked for two years as a pastor in Seengen , where he died on May 13, 1498.
Andres Gubelmann
Gubelmann was appointed Komtur von Küsnacht on December 12, 1496 by Grand Prior Rudolf von Werdenberg. In 1498 he donated a coat of arms to the church in Bubikon from the workshop of Lukas Zeiner from Zurich. Gubelmann is shown as a kneeling priest. Gubelmann died in his office as Commander on February 2, 1519.
Konrad Schmid
The last commander in Küsnacht was Konrad Schmid from Küsnacht . Schmid was born in 1476 or early 1477 as a child of a Küsnacht peasant family and was an inmate of the Küsnacht Johanniterhaus himself at a young age. At the age of almost forty he was still studying theology at the University of Basel, where he took exams in 1515/16. In 1520 he became head of the Commandery in Küsnacht. In 1525 he carried out the Reformation in Küsnacht ; the murals were whitewashed, the liturgical implements were sold, and the mass was replaced by the Lord's Supper. In 1528 Schmid presided over the Faith Disputation in Bern; in the same year he donated the baptismal font with his family coat of arms that is still preserved today.
Schmid fell on October 11, 1531 at the side of his friend Zwingli in the battle of Kappel ; CF Meyer's poem «The Commander's Black Horse» recalls this.
Commander Konrad Schmid
Memorial plaque for the last Komtur Konrad Schmid
Coat of arms of Komtur Schmid am Taufstein from 1528
After the Reformation
After the Reformation , the property of the Johanniter Commandery became the property of the City of Zurich, but was largely used for the new parish of Küsnacht. The legal successor to the Commandery was the Amt Küsnacht in 1532, headed by the bailiff . He took up residence in one of the old convent buildings, which is why we still speak of the office building next to the church today. The building served as the seat of the Zurich officials until 1792, when the offices were repealed by law of March 29, 1833.
Johanniterhaus and church around 1650, view from the south
Amtshaus 1742, engraving by David Herrliberger
1778, from the north
Teachers seminar
The building was heavily rebuilt in 1832 for its new purpose as a school building. In 1988 it was restored and the entire building technology was renewed. In the main wing of today's Küsnacht Cantonal School there are now classrooms for the lower grammar school, specialist rooms for music and IT, the teachers 'room with teachers' workrooms and the school administration offices. The rooms for chemistry, physics and instrumental lessons are located in the side wing above the singing hall.
In April 2018, seven graves from the 9th to 11th centuries were found during renovation work under the singing hall. The site is documented by means of an emergency excavation by the canton archeology. The skeletons are to be transferred to the Anthropological Institute at the University of Zurich.
literature
- Christian Schmid: The Küsnacht Seminar, its history 1832 to 1982 , Küsnacht Seminar, 1982
- Küsnachter annual books 1972, 1981 and 2009 with contributions by Armin Eckinger, Alfred Egli and Peter Ziegler
- Küsnacht am Zürichsee, Swiss Art Guide, Bern 1997
See also
Individual evidence
- ↑ Medieval burial ground discovered under the Küsnacht Cantonal School In: NZZ from April 25, 2018
Coordinates: 47 ° 19 ′ 1 " N , 8 ° 34 ′ 59" E ; CH1903: 686524 / 241305
Basel | Biberstein | Biel | Bubikon | Contone | La Chaux | Compesières | Freiburg | Hohenrain | Klingnau | Leuggern | Küsnacht | Münchenbuchsee | Reiden | Rheinfelden | Salgesch | Thunstetten | Tobel | Waedenswil