Johanniter coming Rheinfelden

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Ritterhaus (right) and west wing of the Johanniterkommende

The Johanniterkommende Rheinfelden was a religious house of the Johanniter / Maltese in Rheinfelden in the canton of Aargau . It was founded in 1212 and dissolved in 1806. In the internal administrative order of the order, Rheinfelden was subordinate to the Grand Priory of Germany . The building complex of the former Kommende is located on Johannitergasse in the northeast corner of the old town, in the immediate vicinity of the Johanniter Chapel .

history

View from 1884, the knife tower on the far left

Knight Berchtold von Rheinfelden, a Zähringer servant , founded the Kommende in 1212. It was initially outside the city walls, west of the Upper Gate. As was customary at the time, it served as a hospital for the poor and pilgrims. Just like the Canon Monastery of St. Martin , which was founded 16 years later, the Kommende was not subject to the municipal legal system and enjoyed tax exemption. As a result, she received numerous donations from the regional nobility. The property was divided into the following areas: on the left bank of the Rhine in the entire Fricktal as far as Herznach , in the upper Ergolztal between Sissach and Zeglingen and in the Sundgau around Bartenheim , on the right bank of the Rhine in the lower Wehratal , between Tüllingen and Karsau and between Istein and Bellingen . In Warmbach , the Johanniter owned the church set . The most important property in terms of area was in Höflingen , a (meanwhile abandoned) village immediately south of Rheinfelden, where the Johanniter and the town shared lower jurisdiction .

On October 23, 1448, aristocratic warriors disguised as pilgrims (under the command of Hans von Rechberg ) took the city in a flash and plundered it. The defenseless comedian was completely destroyed. A reconstruction in the same place was unthinkable, so the then Comtur Johann Loesel , who came from the Netherlands , looked for a building site within the city walls. In 1451 he bought a property in the northeast corner of the city for 200 guilders and had a new building built there by 1455. After the Reformation was introduced in nearby Basel , the local committees were closed and the members of the order moved to Rheinfelden, which had remained Catholic. Due to the lavish lifestyle, the financial situation deteriorated noticeably in the course of the 16th and 17th centuries. The coming ones were forced to gradually sell their property. This process accelerated further due to the consequences of the Thirty Years' War . Finally, in 1806, the canton of Aargau abolished the coming.

Franz Joseph Dietschy , founder of the Salmenbräu brewery , bought the remaining property at auction in 1813 and set up a farm in the coming years. In the following years various repairs were carried out and three additional vaulted cellars were built. From 2003 to 2005 there was a complete renovation, combined with renovations inside to create additional apartments. A new, modern east wing was created to replace a previously demolished barn.

building

The upcoming one, a row of houses near the bank of the Rhine , stands on a trapezoidal plot of land. The lower, recessed west wing is attached to the knight's house in the middle. On the right is a modern new building, which replaced the previous economic wing and slightly towers above the knight's house. In the courtyard there is a limestone fountain that was erected in 1851 . The courtyard is delimited by a small wall on the south and west sides. To the west of the Kommende, separated by the narrow Rheintorgässchen, is the Johanniterkapelle . There was a bridge-like connection between the two buildings above the Rheintor, a small passage to the former ship landing stage. This connecting corridor, in which the conductors were housed, was demolished in 1820.

The floor plan of the knight's house goes back to a warehouse that was built in 1417/18 on the same site. The two-story building has a steep gable roof , which takes up almost half the height of the building and is provided with four dormer windows. The gable wall has a Renaissance aedicule with a sundial from 1567. The rectangular windows on the courtyard side are unevenly distributed. A narrow two-storey extension with a pyramid roof (built in 1546) accentuates the free-standing part of the western gable facade; Post-Gothic grooved staggered windows characterize its front. On the Rhine front, the medieval city wall has been preserved almost up to the eaves height , but has several window openings. The beamed ceiling between the first and second floors has been preserved from the former warehouse. Noteworthy rooms are in particular the Johanniterstube and the north hall. The west wing has a hipped roof and is clearly bent to the north opposite the knight's house. A centrally arranged round arched double arcade forms the main accent on the courtyard side, the central post of which is decorated with a coat of arms of a commander carved out of the bas-relief (dated 1589). The rafter roof construction from the same year has been preserved inside.

literature

Web links

Commons : Johanniterkommende Rheinfelden  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Hochreiter et al .: Inside, outside, there. P. 37.
  2. ^ Schib: History of the City of Rheinfelden. Pp. 101-102.
  3. ^ Schib: History of the City of Rheinfelden. P. 103.
  4. ^ Hochreiter et al .: Inside, outside, there. Pp. 38-39.
  5. ↑ a b Hunziker, Hoegger: The art monuments of the canton of Aargau. Volume IX. Pp. 128-129.
  6. ↑ Hunziker, Hoegger: The monuments of the Canton of Aargau. Volume IX. Pp. 129-130.
  7. ↑ Hunziker, Hoegger: The monuments of the Canton of Aargau. Volume IX. P. 131.

Coordinates: 47 ° 33 '21.8 "  N , 7 ° 47' 41.2"  E ; CH1903:  626808  /  267321