Josefsplatz (Vienna)
| Josefsplatz | |
|---|---|
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 Josefsplatz in the direction of the National Library |
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| Basic data | |
| place | Vienna |
| District | Inner city |
| Created | 18th century |
| Confluent streets | Dorotheergasse , Bräunerstraße , Reitschulgasse |
| Buildings | Hofburg , Austrian National Library , monument to Joseph II , Redoutensäle , Palais Pálffy on Josefsplatz , Palais Pallavicini |
| use | |
| User groups |
Foot traffic Public transport U-Bahn U1 Stephansplatz (Vienna) 6 min walk U3 Herrengasse (Vienna) 5 min walk Car traffic restricted |
| Space design | Equestrian statue of Joseph II. |
The Josefsplatz located on the 1st Viennese district, the Inner City , and is part of the grounds of the Imperial Palace . The square named after Emperor Joseph II is enclosed on three sides by the Redoutensaal wing , the court library and the Augustinian wing. The north-eastern boundary is the Palais Pallavicini .
history
Josefsplatz has an eventful history. The area has been used in different ways over the centuries, although it originally served as a cemetery for the Augustinian monks . In addition, the place was also used for dance festivals and for the riding horses of the court, from which the former name "Tummelplatz" is derived.
The area did not originally belong to the Vienna Hofburg. Friedrich III. put after he had acquired two houses and a large part of the cemetery area in 1459-1460, a garden; In 1517, after the purchase of another house, also a Rosstummelplatz. In 1550–1553 the grounds facing the street were completed by the (older) Augustinergang. The first riding school building was built around 1575. 1681–1683 Leopold I had a building for the library and a covered imperial riding school built on the site of today's central building of the Austrian National Library (in 1710, Josefsplatz was therefore called the "Imperial Riding School"). Under Maria Theresa the Josefsplatz was called Library Square .
In 1767 the Augustinergang was removed. On this occasion, the opening to the city resulted in a three-sided courtyard of honor from an irregular basic shape, which extended outwards towards the city, today's Josefsplatz. In 1769, Nikolaus Pacassi extended the facade of the court library in a U-shape in front of the redoutes halls on the right and in front of the Augustinian Church on the left, creating a worthy space for the later imperial monument to Emperor Joseph II. The fourth side of this square was completed in 1783–1784 the classicist Palais Fries-Pallavicini and Palais Pálffy are closed.
In 1783, Emperor Joseph II made the former riding and playground accessible to the public by tearing down the wall that stretched from the Augustinian church to the Schwibbogen of the stable castle. This gave the square its current name in 1786.
Space design
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In the middle of the square is an equestrian statue of Emperor Joseph II; The client was Emperor Franz II, later I. It is based on the statue of Marc Aurel on the Capitol in Rome and was made by Franz Anton Zauner from 1795 to 1807 in the Academy of Fine Arts. The model itself was completed in 1797 and was first exhibited in Laxenburg until it was erected in Schönbrunn Palace Park in 1808 .
Joseph II, like Marc Aurel, is shown sitting on a horse, his right hand raised in greeting. The bronze casting was cast in the Gusshaus auf der Wieden , then a suburb of Vienna, and was at that time the largest casting outside of France. The statue, which was unveiled on November 3, 1807, in the presence of Franz I, the honoree's nephew, stands on a base made of polished Mauthausen granite , which is adorned with reliefs and medallions . It depicts scenes of trade and agriculture. Around the monument, a bronze chain delimits the entire statue.
The place in the film and on a coin
The place in the film
Josefsplatz was used as a backdrop for the film The Third Man during filming in autumn 1948 . The Third Man Museum offers a guided tour through Vienna with the most important backdrops of the film scenes, including Josefsplatz.
The place on a coin
On the occasion of Austria's second EU presidency in 2006, the Austrian Mint minted a silver 5 euro coin. The back shows the Hofburg seen from Josefsplatz. In the center of the coin is the Kaiser-Joseph-Monument. On the obverse, among other things, the face value and the nine coats of arms of the Austrian federal states are depicted, which give the coin its distinctive nine-sided shape.
literature
- Gustav Gugitz : Bibliography on the history and urban history of Vienna . In: Association for regional studies of Lower Austria and Vienna (ed.): General and special topography of Vienna . tape 3 . Jugend & Volk, Vienna 1956, p. 462 .
- Wilhelm Kisch : The old streets and squares of Vienna and their historically interesting houses . M. Gottlieb's publishing house, Vienna 1883, p. 261 ff . ( Digitized at the Vienna Library in the City Hall ).
- Karl Lind: Contributions to the topography of the Josefsplatz in Vienna . In: Reports and communications from the Altertums-Verein zu Wien . tape 30 , 1894, pp. 130-132 .
- Richard Perger: streets, towers and bastions. The road network of the Vienna City in its development and its name . In: Research and contributions to the history of the city of Vienna . tape 22 . Deuticke, Vienna 1991.
- Johann Pezzl : Description of Vienna . Ed .: Franz Tschischka . Mayer, Vienna 1820, p. 18-20 .
- Eduard F. Sekler : The Josefsplatz in Vienna - an urban morphological study . In: The structure. Technical publication from the Vienna City Planning Department, 16 . Compress / Jugend & Volk, Vienna 1961, p. 353-356 .
Web links
- Josefsplatz in the Vienna History Wiki of the City of Vienna
- Kaiser-Joseph-Monument (1) in the Vienna History Wiki of the City of Vienna
Individual evidence
- ^ Elisabeth Werner: The equestrian statue of Joseph II on Josefsplatz in Vienna . Master thesis, University of Vienna, 2013, p. 68 ( online ).
- ↑ a b Josefsplatz in the Vienna History Wiki of the City of Vienna
- ^ Elisabeth Werner: The equestrian statue of Joseph II on Josefsplatz in Vienna . Master thesis, University of Vienna, 2013, p. 73-74 ( online ).
- ↑ Hedwig Abraham: Monuments of the Vienna Ring Roads. Art and Culture in Vienna, 2015, accessed on October 29, 2016 .
- ^ The Third Man in Vienna. In: Vienna. Vienna Tourism Association, September 27, 2016, accessed on October 29, 2016 .
- ↑ Heidemarie Neuherz: 5 euro coins extremely popular - but little known. In: pressetext.com. pressetext Nachrichtenagentur GmbH, January 17, 2006, accessed on October 29, 2016 .
Coordinates: 48 ° 12 '23.4 " N , 16 ° 22' 1.9" E