Joseph Samuel Bloch

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Joseph Samuel Bloch

Joseph Samuel Bloch (born November 20, 1850 in Dukla , Galicia , Austrian Empire ; died October 1, 1923 in Vienna ) was an Austrian rabbi and member of the Reichsrat .

Life

Bloch, the son of a baker, attended the yeshiva as a teenager , trained as a rabbi and made up for high school education privately in Magdeburg and Liegnitz . After studying in Munich and Zurich , he became a doctor of philosophy there and then lived as a rabbi in Rendsburg ( Holstein ), Kobylin ( province of Posen ), Brüx ( Bohemia ) and finally in the Viennese workers' community of Floridsdorf .

From 1883 to 1895 he was a member of the Austrian House of Representatives as an envoy for the Galician districts of Buczacz -Kolomea-Sniatyn and as a member of the Polish Club.

He was an advocate for every Jewish matter and defended the Jews in the Reichsrat and in the press. The action brought against him by the advocate of Tiszaeszlár's ritual murder legend , August Rohling, attracted particular attention , for which Bloch's immunity had to be lifted by parliament on February 12, 1884. The anti-Semitic MP Georg Ritter von Schönerer took the opportunity to spread the blood accusation in parliament. Bloch took the allegations of the anti-Semites seriously and tried to counter them in the system and then to reduce them to absurdity. In the process he was able to convict Rohling of ignorance of Hebrew, whereupon the process burst because of alleged defamation.

Grave of Joseph Samuel Bloch in the Vienna Central Cemetery

When in 1893 the convert Paulus Meyer, paid by Pastor Joseph Deckert , claimed in the May 11th issue of the magazine Vaterland that a group of Russian rabbis in Lentschna had committed a ritual murder in his presence , Bloch initiated the prosecution on behalf of the children of these rabbis von Deckert, Meyer and the editor of this journal. On September 15, the trial was exposed and the three defendants were sentenced to prison terms.

Bloch was a co-founder of the Austrian-Israelite Union . He was the founder and for decades the editor and editor of the “Oesterreichische Wochenschrift”, which first turned against Jewish German nationalism, but then also against the policies of Theodor Herzl . He showed commitment during the First World War and also afterwards with the help for East Jewish refugees in Vienna .

He was a supporter of national Judaism and Jewish colonization in Palestine , but also an opponent of political Zionism . He later became a supporter of the Austrian idea.

Joseph Samuel Bloch found his final resting place in the new Jewish section of the Vienna Central Cemetery (Gate 4, Group 5, Row 4, No. 9).

Fonts (selection)

Joseph-Samuel-Bloch-Park in Floridsdorf
  • On Agadic Hermeneutics (1873)
  • Origin and creation of the book of Kohelet (1872)
  • Studies on the history and collection of Old Testament literature (1876)
  • The Jews in Spain (1876)
  • Against the Anti-Semites (1882)
  • Prof. Rohling and the Vienna Rabbinate (1882)
  • The National Controversy and the Jews in Austria (1886)
  • Enlightenment documents (1884, 1885, 1900)
  • The Jewish Question in Romania (1902)
  • Israel and the Peoples (1922)
  • Memories from my life :
    • Volume 1: Memories from my life. Löwit, Vienna 1922.
    • Volume 2: Jury trial against Pastor Dr. Joseph Deckert and Paulus Meyer. Löwit, Vienna 1922.
    • Volume 3: From the handwritten estate of the author. Published by his brother Morris Bloch, Appel, Vienna 1933.

Honors

literature

  • Erich Angermann :  Bloch, Joseph Samuel. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 2, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1955, ISBN 3-428-00183-4 , p. 306 f. ( Digitized version ).
  • Werner J. Cahnman: Adolf Fischhof and his Jewish Followers . Leo Baeck Institute Yearbook, London 1959, 4 (1), pp. 111-140.
  • Johannes Reiss (ed.): From the seven communities. A reader about Jews in Burgenland. Austrian Jewish Museum, Eisenstadt 1997, ISBN 3-900907-05-6 .
  • Ian Reifowitz: Imagining An Austrian Nation: Joseph Samuel Bloch and the Search for a Multiethnic Austrian Identity, 1846-1919. East European Monographs, distributed by Columbia University Press, 2003, ISBN 0-88033-529-7 .
  • Tim Buchen: "Hercules in the anti-Semitic Augean stable": Joseph Samuel Bloch and Galicia in the reaction to anti-Semitism in the Habsburg Monarchy. In: Ulrich Wyrwa (Ed.): Objection and Defense: The reaction of European Jewry to the emergence of anti-Semitism (1879–1914). Yearbook on the history and effects of the Holocaust 2010, Fritz Bauer Institute , Campus-Verlag, Frankfurt New York 2010, ISBN 978-3-593-39278-3 , pp. 193-214; limited preview in Google Book search
  • Bloch, Joseph Samuel. In: Lexicon of German-Jewish Authors . Volume 3: Birk – Braun. Edited by the Bibliographia Judaica archive. Saur, Munich 1995, ISBN 3-598-22683-7 , pp. 157-168.

Web links

Commons : Joseph Samuel Bloch  - Collection of Pictures, Videos and Audio Files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ JUDAICA Dr. Joseph Samuel Bloch - brief biography
  2. ↑ JE
  3. ↑ Christian-Jewish cooperation ( memento of the original of July 21, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Gerhard Jordan: Rabbi Joseph Samuel Bloch and Floridsdorf Joseph-Samuel-Bloch-Park 2002 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.christenundjuden.org
  4. ^ Austrian Jewish Museum Bloch studied in Eisenstadt
personal data
SURNAME Bloch, Joseph Samuel
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Austrian politician
DATE OF BIRTH November 20, 1850
PLACE OF BIRTH Dukla (Poland)
DATE OF DEATH October 1, 1923
Place of death Vienna