Loborgrad concentration camp

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The concentration camp Loborgrad ( Serbo-Croatian Koncentracioni Logor Loborgrad / Концентрациони логор Лоборград), also KZ Lobor degree or concentration camp Lobor , was one of the fascist Ustasha founded and the Nazi use season of the German team run concentration camp for women and children in the field of Independent State Croatia (NDH). It was operated between September 1941 and October 1942 and the prisoners were mainly Serbian and Jewish women (including pregnant women) and their children and infants.

The concentration camp was located in Loborgrad Castle ( Lobor municipality ) north of the Croatian capital Zagreb .

history

The leadership in the camp founded by the Ustaša was taken over by Yugoslav Germans (in National Socialist parlance, ethnic Germans ) as members of the National Socialist squadron of the German team . The concentration camp commandant was Karl Heger , his brother Willibald Heger's deputy . The first transport with 1,370 mostly Jewish women and children from the Kruščica concentration camp reached Loborgrad in September 1941, according to other sources on October 5 and 6, 1941. Concentration camp commandant Karl Heger reported to the superior authorities several times about problems with nutrition, hygiene and Overcrowding in the warehouse. After the outbreak of diseases, lice infestation and diarrhea among the camp inmates, Heger asked that Serbs, children and people over 55 years of age be moved to other camps. According to witness statements, Karl Heger is said to have killed a child who had bumped into him with a rifle butt . There were also reports of the rape of a 16-year-old from Vienna . The female prisoners are also said to have been forced to have sexual intercourse .

In autumn 1941, the Ustaše authorities allowed the Zagreb Jewish community to send food, clothing and other useful items to the camp. Visits by Jewish doctors were also approved. On December 8, 1941, the Sarajevo Jewish community wrote to the municipal authorities of Osijek and Zagreb offering financial help to support the 6,700 prisoners from Loborgrad, Đakovo and Jasenovac. The total cost of the warehouse was put at 2,820,000 kuna per month. By letter dated December 18, 1941, the Ustaše authorities allowed the Jewish community of Zagreb to collect money, food and clothing for the Jewish and Serbian prisoners.

The camp did not have enough space, so in November 1941 another women's camp was built not far from Lobor, the so-called Gornja Rijeka concentration camp . There deported the Ustasha all Serb women and their children as well as elderly Jewish women. In December 1941 there were about 1,700 women in the camp. Some of the prisoners were deported to the Jasenovac concentration camp , others were rescued, but many died of infectious diseases such as typhoid . In May 1942 Serb women were deported to Germany for forced labor , and in August 1942 other women were deported to Auschwitz . A small group of Croatian women were sent to the Stara Gradiška concentration camp . At the beginning of October 1942, all but two women were deported to the Jasenovac concentration camp. At the end of October 1942 the concentration camp was completely dissolved. Today nothing reminds us that there was once a women's and children's camp in the castle. Also on the website of the Loborgrad Castle (today a state psychiatric institution , the Loborgrad Psychiatric Institution ) there is hardly any reference to the concentration camp and the crimes committed there. It is not mentioned on the Lobor Municipality website.

Trivia

The Loborgrad concentration camp was the trigger for Aktion Diana Budisavljević , a private relief operation that was launched by the Austrian humanist Diana Budisavljević when she heard about the bad conditions in the concentration camp in October 1941 and finally decided to do something about it, even though she and their family, being Serbs by birth, were endangered by the Ustašas. The relief operation should take care of the supply of relief goods as well as the release and accommodation of freed children and women. In the months that followed, women and children were released from the Loborgrad concentration camp and initially placed in the institution for the deaf and dumb in Zagreb until it was possible to organize their return trip to their hometowns. Over time, thousands of Serbian, Jewish and Roma children were rescued from the death camps of the Ustaša regime, including from the Stara Gradiška , Mlaka , Jablanac and Jasenovac camps, the largest of all concentration camps in Southeastern Europe .

  • Acknowledgment of receipt for two packages

  • Loborgrad 1 1.jpg

Web links

literature

  • Carl Bethke: The women and children concentration camp Loborgrad in Croatia (1941-1942) . In: Yearbooks for the History and Culture of Southeast Europe . 2008, vol. 9, pp. 127-140 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e Wolfgang Benz and Barbara Distel - The Place of Terror - History of the National Socialist Concentration Camps - Women's and Children's Camps - Loborgrad - Volume 9 , p. 319, Verlag CH Beck - Funded by the Federal Cultural Foundation , Munich 2009, ISBN 978-3-406-57238-8 .
  2. ↑ Carl Bethke : (Not) a common language? - Aspects of the history of German-Jewish relationships in Slavonia, 1900-1945 - Volksdeutsche as security guards in the concentration camp: The women and children concentration camp Loborgrad in Croatia (1941-1942) , p. 307, Lit Verlag , 2013, ISBN 978-3-643-11754- 0 .
  3. ↑ Fred Grubel - write that on a board that stays with you: Jewish life in the 20th century , p. 168, Böhlau Verlag , 1998, ISBN 3-205-98871-X .
  4. ^ A b Carl Bethke: (Not) a common language? : Aspects of German-Jewish Relationship History in Slavonia, 1900–1945 . Lit Verlag , 2013, ISBN 978-3-643-11754-0 , Volksdeutsche as guards in the concentration camp: The women and children concentration camp Loborgrad in Croatia (1941-1942), p. 309 .
  5. ↑ a b c d e f g h i Wolfgang Benz , Barbara Distel : The Place of Terror: History of the National Socialist Concentration Camps . Women's and children's camps - Loborgrad. tape 9 . Verlag CH Beck , Munich 2009, ISBN 978-3-406-57238-8 , p. 320 .
  6. ↑ Bethke (2013), p. 308.
  7. ↑ Loborgrad Castle website: Doma za psihički bolesne odrasle osobe Lobor-grad (accessed October 29, 2013, Croatian)
  8. ↑ Website of the municipality of Lobor: Općina Lobor (accessed October 29, 2013, Croatian)

Coordinates: 46 ° 7 '15.6 "  N , 16 ° 4' 2.7"  E