Tartar
| Structural formula | |||||||||||||||||||
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| L - (+) - potassium hydrogen tartrate | |||||||||||||||||||
| General | |||||||||||||||||||
| Surname | Tartar | ||||||||||||||||||
| other names |
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| Molecular formula | C 4 H 5 KO 6 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Brief description |
colorless crystals |
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| properties | |||||||||||||||||||
| Molar mass | 188.18 g mol −1 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Physical state |
firmly |
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| density |
1.95 g cm −3 |
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| Melting point |
> 250 ° C |
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| solubility |
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| As far as possible and customary, SI units are used. Unless otherwise noted, the data given apply to standard conditions . | |||||||||||||||||||
Weinstein (from Middle High German wīnstein ) is a common name for certain tartrates (salts of tartaric acid ). Tartar is created when wine or grape juice is stored . When it crystallizes, it is mainly deposited on the bottom of the vessel (e.g. a bottle) or on the bottle cork. It is a mixture of sparingly soluble salts of tartaric acid, essentially of potassium hydrogen tartrate (empirical formula KC 4 H 5 O 6 ) and calcium tartrate (empirical formula CaC 4 H 4 O 6 ).
properties
Tartar is sparingly soluble in water and therefore settles on the walls of wooden barrels and, depending on the type of storage, on the bottom or on the corks of wine bottles. The solubility decreases with decreasing temperature.
Weinstein has no harmful effects on humans; At first it feels like sharp-edged sand in the mouth that dissolves in the saliva when rubbed between the teeth.
Tartar and wine
Wine - especially red wine - is decanted , among other things , to separate tartar from the wine.
The presence of tartar is neither a fault of the wine nor a mandatory quality characteristic. It is only an indication that the wine was not or only insufficiently stabilized chemically (by metatartaric acid ) or physically (by cold) during vinification .
Tartar oil
The so-called tartar oil is of historical interest . This was understood to mean products that were obtained from the dry distillation of tartar
- the distillate, the so-called hot tartar oil , produced in the early modern era by "burning" or "lime" ("calcining", "glowing") the tartar,
- the residue, consisting of potassium carbonate and coal, which dissolves in the air as a result of the hygroscopicity of the potassium carbonate and was therefore called melted tartar oil .
Tartar oil was previously used in medicine to treat skin ulcers.
use
- For the production of tartaric acid .
- In connection with sodium hydrogen carbonate as a raising agent . As baking powder , 2 parts of tartar are mixed with 1 part of sodium hydrogen carbonate and 1 part of corn starch (as a separating agent ).
- Under the name Cremor Tartari as a digestive aid popular in modern times . It was made by evaporating tartar from wine barrels dissolved in water and skimming off the "cream" (hence the name), which was used to obtain tartar in a purified form.
- To stabilize egg whites , increase temperature tolerance and volume.
- To stabilize whipped cream , preserve texture and volume.
- To prevent sugar syrup from crystallizing .
- To reduce the discoloration of cooked vegetables .
- in combination with potassium chloride as a sodium- free table salt substitute .
- in pharmacy as a laxative (e.g. Cremor Tartari and the Seignette salt made from tartar ). Until the 19th century, the laxative was a common form of therapy in psychiatry.
Weinstein is listed
as a food additive in the EU under the E numbers E354 ( calcium tartrate ) and E336 ( potassium bitartrate together with potassium tartrate ). It is available in the United States and the United Kingdom under the name "cream of tartar".
An old name for tartar was tartarus .
photos
Tartar of a red wine
Tartar of a white wine
Tartar in a wooden barrel
Tartar in white wine
Tartar at the bottom of a wine glass (white wine)
See also
Individual evidence
- ↑ Entry on POTASSIUM BITARTRATE in the CosIng database of the EU Commission, accessed on February 16, 2020.
- ↑ a b c d Entry on potassium hydrogen tartrate. In: Römpp Online . Georg Thieme Verlag, accessed on May 29, 2014.
- ↑ Weinstein data sheet at Sigma-Aldrich , accessed on June 15, 2011 ( PDF ).
- ↑ a b c Claudia Synowietz (Ed.): Pocket book for chemists and physicists . founded by Jean d'Ans, Ellen Lax. 4th edition. Volume II: Organic Compounds . Springer, Berlin 1983, ISBN 3-540-12263-X .
- ↑ a b Entry on potassium hydrogen tartrate in the GESTIS substance database of the IFA , accessed on December 18, 2019(JavaScript required) .
- ↑ a b tartar oil . In: Heinrich August Pierer , Julius Löbe (Hrsg.): Universal Lexicon of the Present and the Past . 4th edition. tape 19 . Altenburg 1865, p. 56 ( zeno.org ).
- ^ Friedrich Dobler: Conrad Gessner as a pharmacist. Mathematical and scientific dissertation, Zurich 1955, pp. 16, 101 and 103 f, doi: 10.3929 / ethz-a-000120138 (PDF; 6.8 MB).
- ↑ Erika Hickel: Medicines in pharmacies and households in the 16th and 17th centuries. In: Joachim Telle (ed.): Pharmacy and the common man. Exhibition catalog of the Herzog August Library No. 36. Wolfenbüttel 1982, ISBN 978-3-88373-032-5 , pp. 21–26, here: p. 23.
- ↑ Jürgen Martin: The 'Ulmer Wundarznei'. Introduction - Text - Glossary on a monument to German specialist prose from the 15th century. Königshausen & Neumann, Würzburg 1991 (= Würzburg medical-historical research. Volume 52), ISBN 3-88479-801-4 (also medical dissertation Würzburg 1990), p. 192 and more often.
- ↑ https:// resistanceist Zweckmaessig.wordpress.com/2014/03/01/selbst-machen-statt-selbst-gekauf-backpulver/
- ↑ Brockhaus Picture Conversations Lexicon. Volume 1, Leipzig 1837, p. 485 .: Cremor tartari at Zeno.org .
- ^ Bangen, Hans: History of the drug therapy of schizophrenia. Berlin 1992, Pharmacotherapy at the beginning of modern psychiatry p. 13 ISBN 3-927408-82-4
- ↑ Olaf Rippe: On the healing power of tartar . In: Journal Naturheilpraxis . No. 06/08 . Pflaum Verlag, 2008 ( natura-naturans.de [accessed June 11, 2018]).
literature
- Hannelore Dittmar-Ilgen: Crystals in a wine glass. (Tartar in the winemaking process) . In: How the cork crumbs get to the wine glass. Physics for connoisseurs and discoverers . Hirzel, Stuttgart 2007, ISBN 978-3-7776-1440-3 , pp. 37 .
- Jörg Mildenberger: Anton Trutmann's “Pharmacopoeia”. Part 2: Dictionary. Volume 5: W - Z. (= Würzburg medical historical research. Volume 56). Königshausen & Neumann, Würzburg 1997, ISBN 3-8260-1398-0 , pp. 2300-2301.
