Crottendorf lime works

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Former Crottendorf lime kiln
Former lime and marble quarry in Crottendorf
Structure of the Crottendorfer marble

The lime works Crottendorf was a lime - mine south of the Saxon community Crottendorf in Erzgebirge .

history

Under Elector August I (1553–1586), the Ore Mountains were looking for economically usable rocks. In the course of this search, Kalckbergk , located south of the village, was discovered, which contains a deposit of white marble . The first documentary mention of the deposit took place in 1559 when the Upper Forest part of the Hartenstein rule was sold to the Elector. The scheduled dismantling in the opencast mine did not start until 1587, after the electoral architect and sculptor Giovanni Maria Nosseni became aware of the camp. The marble extracted was mainly used for the production of building blocks and works of art. Marble burned in lime kilns was also used as a binding agent in the construction industry. Artists also made jewelry from Crottendorfer marble. In the collection of the Green Vault there is a marble box which the goldsmith Paul Ingermann set in gilded silver around 1723 .

In 1754 marble quarrying became state property. It retained its importance well into the 19th century, as evidenced by a visit to the quarry in 1829 by Prince Friedrich August II and the chief miner Sigismund August Wolfgang von Herder . At that time about 20 stone crushers were employed in the quarry, the distribution of the marble was carried out through sales warehouses located in the larger cities of Saxony.

In the work Geographisches Statistisches-Topographisches Lexikon von Obersachsen and the Ober- and Nieder-Lausiz 1803 the following statements can be found:

“The local marble quarries are particularly famous. The marble does not match the Bärenloher in whites, but surpasses it in hardness. The white marble is from the local quarry, which was used to decorate the interior of the Catholic court church in Dresden, for the statue of the elector, and for Gellert's monument in the Wendler garden in Leipzig; and before that 6000 quintals were sent to Amsterdam for the decorations of the town hall there. Only a few years ago, several large blocks were conveyed to the famous monument to Queen Mathilde of Denmark, who died in a cell. Joseph Maria Nosseni found the local marble quarries between 1588 and 1593, just as David Hirschfelder began to seek out the marble, alabaster, gypsum and lime quarries for Elector August in 1575. The white marble seam stripes for 6 hours high up from Wiesenthal via Krottendorf down to Grünhain , where it is found finest on the Fürstenberge . "

In 1818 August Schumann mentions lime mining in the State, Post and Newspaper Lexicon of Saxony concerning a. a .:

“The fractures are mostly 40 feet deep, sometimes even deeper. The marble is obtained at the expense of the sculptor, who for the Erbrichter must pay metered square Elle into Rentamt Schwarzenberg and the square-Elle one inch thick finely polished into slabs into sheets to four dollars supplies. Now there are usually four sculptors and stonemasons working here, but they often need help. Since 1802 the government has been driving a tunnel in order to more easily drain away the waters that are detrimental to the quarries. The finish from the marble work and the smaller pieces are burned to lime. […] More than 1500 barrels of lime are burned here every year. The rent office and forestry office in Schwarzenberg have the supervision of the breaks, because the breaks like the furnace in the royal. There are groves. "

At the end of the 19th century, this deposit lost its importance, so that block mining was discontinued in 1884 and quicklime production in 1900.

Mining and quick lime production started again in 1946. In 1954 a new kiln was built. The now industrially operated extraction took place on three levels in parallel in opencast and underground mining. The extraction rate increased to up to 30,000 tons of raw stone per year. The marble was used a. a. as quicklime , terrazzo , in the cellulose industry , for fertilizer production and as a Möller in the Riesa steelworks . Until 1960 there was an inn on the company premises. The products from the limestone quarry were loaded at the upper Crottendorf station. The Crottendorfer Kalkbruch traded as "VEB Oberzgebirgische Kalkwerke" with headquarters in Scheibenberg. In 1965 a cable crane system was installed after the raw material had previously been transported by tilting lorries with an inclined elevator. The mining in the "Kalichbruch", as it was called in Crottendorf, took place on the individual floors in the chamber construction . The extraction chambers, which were up to 10 meters high, weakened the stability of the mountains, so that parts of the second level collapsed. On the edge of the open pit there were major landslides from 1969 to 1973, so that production was discontinued on June 8, 1973 due to the acute risk of breakage.

Application examples

The Crottendorfer marble was only used sporadically outside of Saxony. Evidence is possible for the following usage examples:

literature

  • Wolfgang Schilka: Crottendorf lime works. In: Erzgebirgische Heimatblätter . Vol. 30, Issue 2, 2008, ISSN  0232-6078 , pp. 13-16.
  • Klaus Hoth: Hammerunterwiesenthal deposit. In: Klaus Hoth, Norbert Krutský, Wolfgang Schilka: Marbles in the Erzgebirge (= mining in Saxony. Vol. 16). State Office for the Environment, Agriculture and Geology - Oberbergamt, Freiberg 2010, ISBN 978-3-9812792-2-1 , pp. 123-128, ( PDF; 7.47 MB ).

Web links

Commons : Kalkwerk Crottendorf  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Philipp Ludwig Hermann Röder : Geographical Statistical-Topographical Lexicon of Upper Saxony and Upper and Lower Lusatia. 4th volume. In the publishing house of the Stettinschen Buchhandlung, Ulm 1803, Sp. 671 .
  2. ↑ cf. Krottendorf, * Crotendorf . In: August Schumann : Complete State, Post and Newspaper Lexicon of Saxony. 5th volume. Schumann, Zwickau 1818, pp. 226-228.

Coordinates: 50 ° 29 ′ 11.9 ″  N , 12 ° 55 ′ 42.5 ″  E