Kalscheurs

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DB station Hürth-Kalscheuren
Welcoming the arrival

Kalscheuren has been part of the city of Hürth in the Rhein-Erft district near Cologne since 1978 . The place was the church for centuries part Kendenich and in 1930 in the wake of the merger of the six rural communities Berrenrath , Fischenich , Gleuel (with Sielsdorf and Burbach ), Hermülheim , Alt-Huerth (with Alstädten and Knapsack ) and together with Kendenich part of the "greater community “Huerth. In 1965, Kalscheuren reached its highest population level to date with 954 people, which however fell again to 730 inhabitants (status: end of 2013). Today the place is an important media location and has become a large industrial and commercial area for Hürth and the region.

Location

Kalscheuren is located on the level of the Cologne Bay , on the south-eastern edge of the city of Hürth and borders on the Efferen industrial park and, with Höningen, on one of the suburbs of Cologne. To the west, the development of the place comes close to the north-south course of Bonnstraße, a district road that emerged from the former farm road of the Roman Eifel aqueduct on the eastern slope of the Ville . It connects the neighboring towns of Fischenich , Kendenich and the town of Hermülheim to the north-west of Kalscheuren.

The newly designated western industrial area between Ursula-Hans-Böckler- and Winterstraße is only separated from the "flower settlement" Hermülheim in the north-west by a narrow, now cleared strip of land. A section of the approved bypass road "B265n" is currently being built on this strip. It will be the approximately 5.5 km long bypass road to relieve traffic on Luxemburger Strasse in the Hermülheim district.

history

Early days

The earliest traces of settlement in the Kalscheuren area are artefacts from the late Iron Age that were discovered and recovered in the vicinity of today's location. So on the adjoining southern edge of Efferen ( gravel pit area at the end of Rondorfer Straße) and to the side, in the northwestern neighboring town of Hermülheim.

Traces of the Romans

Section beneath Bonnstrasse exposed in autumn 2016

About one to two decades before the construction of the Eifel aqueduct , which ran parallel below today's Bonnstrasse between Fischenich and Hermülheim (above and west of today's Kalscheuren), the Romans built the first villas in the area around their Lower Germanic provincial capital. The buildings and land holdings of these veteran farms differed in the rank of veteran they had previously assumed. According to current knowledge, a distinction can be made between the mansions of an officer and those of a simple soldier of a Roman legion . The buildings of these manors were partly made of wood, or in massive stone construction, next to which a small cemetery was set up some distance away.

Such grave sites, their graves and graves often, but not always, turned out to be very informative. The excavation of a pit in the area of ​​the Hermülheim burial ground brought to light the remains of bricks and fragments of red-painted wall plaster, but so far there has been no trace of the associated house. The grave finds in Kalscheuren, discovered by chance during construction work, without carrying out targeted excavation campaigns, provide little information about the ancient past of the place.

Finds

"Since the excavation of the soil was stopped immediately, it can be assumed that further digging should still have significant success."

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  • Just as the traditional medieval Kalscheurer Hof is east of the train station , so it is said of a find in 1902 that a lead coffin was uncovered east of the Kalscheuren train station, on the former area of ​​the poor administration, which is a woman's grave from Roman times act.
  • What is still unclear for research is the significance of the footprints of a post house discovered in Kalscheuren in 1999. The imprints of a wooden post structure uncovered during the laying of a gas route had dimensions as they could be determined in the large Roman farm buildings of the manors of that time. The structure to the east of today's town center was just over 15 m wide and had three rows of posts. Since the pits of the posts were 1 m in diameter, it is believed that massive beams or tree trunks were used. As with the above-mentioned grave find, according to Gottschalk there is no evidence of the main house here either, as no excavations have been carried out in the surrounding area.

Traces of Frankish settlement

Hürth localities also have some finds from Franconian times. The LVR Office for Ground Monument Preservation in the Rhineland maintains a list of records for the Hürth finds in its local archive (including archive number) for these (and Roman ones). These include a Fliehburg “Auf der Kranzmaar” near Luxemburger Strasse near Knapsack, Franconian graves in Kendenich, Ortshofstrasse (1025/007), Franconian individual finds in Hermülheim, Kölnstrasse / Am Alten Bahnhof (1076/017), Franconian graves in Efferen , Bachstraße (1127/000) the Franconian cemetery Frankenhof (1127/010) and a Franconian slab grave in Fischenich, Burggartenstraße (find template HH9, 1966, 18-20)

These early medieval graves, discovered several times in the neighboring villages, were also to be classified as traces of settlement from the Franconian period due to their additions (jewelry and everyday things) - Gottschalk calls the graves a window into the past. In Kalscheuren, a valuable fibula made of almandine and sheet gold was found as early as the 19th century and dated to the 6th century. However, neither the context of the find nor a more precise information about the place where it was found have been handed down. After comparing it with other Franconian finds of this kind, the primer is said to come from a grave, the rich addition of which indicated the burial site of a nobleman of that time. It is therefore hoped that somewhere in the village or its immediate vicinity there could be an early medieval cemetery that can one day be discovered and uncovered.

Golden almandine disc fibula from Kalscheuren

Filigree disc primer FO. Hürth-Kalscheuren in the 19th century

The fibula from the Merovingian period (2nd half of the 6th century) was originally made from 111 cut garnet inlays, which were inserted precisely into the disc with gold bars. The comparatively quite exact dating can be explained by other finds of these exquisite dress pins, which appeared as a coveted fashion phenomenon around AD 565 and remained modern until around 580/590.

The jewelery made for the women of the Franconian upper class could also be recovered from the grave of Queen Arnegunde (also Aregunde), wife of King Chlothar I , in Saint-Denis, which was discovered in 1959 in the Saint-Denis basilica .

Almost at the same time as Saint Denis - in the 50s and 60s of the previous century - a high-quality fibula and other valuable jewelry were found in women's grave no. 54 of the Frankenhof cemetery in neighboring Efferen. There, too, the most conspicuous burial object was a round robe clasp, which, however, had a diameter of 5 cm. (Such pieces of jewelry are now also known as filigree disc brooches)

The somewhat smaller fibula from Kalscheuren has a diameter of 4 cm. Its front is an eleven-pointed star, the interior of which has been divided into numerous cells by fine strips of sheet gold. These cell structures are located in three circles that become smaller towards the center, with stronger rings being separated from weaker ones. The central circle of the disc has a central square , which was divided into four by straight bars and thus represented a cross. Whether the jeweler at that time only created a work of art with geometric decorations or whether it was a commissioned symbol of the Christian faith that was being established and the deceased was buried in the grave cannot currently be answered.

From the Middle Ages to the Modern Age

Origin of name

  • Hof Kalscheuren Rodenkirchener Strasse 31

  • Coat of arms of the Cologne poor administration

  • Kalscheuren farm building monument

Today's Kalscheuren was in the Kendenich district and was part of the eponymous glory in the office of Brühl , the Electorate of Cologne . Kalscheuren was first mentioned in a document in 1305. In this document "Heinrich, Burggraf zu Brühl and Vogt von Kendenich and his wife Gertrud sell the Teutonic Lords of Cologne 7, 5 acres of land near Kalscheuren".

Until the beginning of the 14th century, Kalscheuren was part of the Kendenich glory and was ecclesiastically connected to the Kendenich parish. Of the two Fronhöfe Kendenichs, the one belonging to the St. Ursula Abbey in Cologne, was on Nussallee, which merges into Kalscheurener Ursulastraße behind Bonnstraße. A gift from the Halfen family of the Kalscheurer Hof testifies to this close relationship in 1682. The parish of St. Johann Baptist received a relief in the form of the head of St. John the Baptist on a bowl made of copper ( Johannis bowl ). At Rosellen the names of the halves are also given, he calls "Leonard Foeß" and "Mechtildis vom Bergh".

Gift from the Halfen from Kalscheuren to their parish church in Kendenich

A document from the beginning of the 17th century confirms that the farm and lands were named "Kaldenscheuren" in old documents. A document from 1604 mentions the 400 acre farm at that time in a contract between the "Komthur" of the Teutonic Order Katharinen of Cologne Adolph von dem Bongardt and the municipality of Efferen, in which an agreement was reached on taxation and grazing.

Kalscheuren was the only place in Hürth that did not have any emerging settlement even in medieval times. Apart from the aforementioned Kalscheurener Hof (possibly with some of the servants' dwellings), its uninhabited land was initially uninhabited. Even after the intensive agricultural use of the Romans by the Franks was not continued, the area is said to have developed into a large, unused forest area. It remained that way until secularization , during which the property of the German Order in Cologne was also expropriated. Later, the land and the estate passed into the possession of the Cologne Poor Administration, whose coat of arms still adorns the front of the main building facing the street. It is said that the Kalscheurer Hof had 58 residents in 1859 (at the time the station was built).

economy

Current state of development of the former August Wegelin AG

The first company to settle here with a need for workers was a stoneware factory for sewer pipes in 1888 , which no longer exists. The soot factory in Kalscheuren (popularly known as "Schwätz") emerged from a factory that was moved from the Cologne district of Sülz to Kalscheuren in 1895 , which later became August Wegelin AG. Until 2011 it belonged to Degussa , which had acquired the majority stake in 1932. The plant was later restructured and then part of Evonik Industries . Since 2011 it belongs to the then founded " Orion Engineered Carbons ". Today it is one of the Group's 15 carbon black plants worldwide with an annual capacity of over 160,000 tons and the oldest, largest and most versatile plant of its kind in Europe. Around 80 different types of carbon black for different applications are produced in several plants. The plant produces soot from the combustion of otherwise unused industrial oils. The electricity generated in this way is fed into the public grid. Heat is extracted and used to supply Hürth with district heating. The work is just across the city limits in the area of ​​the Cologne district of Höningen , as the community at that time first spoke out against settlement. Nevertheless, part of the trade tax is paid to Hürth.

A malt factory followed in 1902. The still existing factory on Ursulastraße supplies almost all breweries in the area and into the Ruhr area with the malt necessary for beer. Other works, such as asphalt construction, lacquer and wood construction, were given up. Companies from the forwarding and logistics industry as well as the media industry have settled on their premises . The new media locations for film and television in Kalscheuren are visited daily by hundreds of visitors and participants in guess shows and activities such as castings around the film studios.

The Kalscheuren industrial park has an area of ​​approx. 220,000 m². The majority is owned by the city.

traffic

The Hürth-Kalscheuren train station is located in Kalscheuren . In addition, the district is served by several bus routes.

Worth seeing

  • St. Ursula / Boehm Chapel

  • Villa wooden structures

  • Industry and media center

  • One of the sights in Kalscheuren is the church of St. Ursula by the Cologne architect Gottfried Böhm , profaned in 2006. Today, with the consent of the architect Böhm, it is called Chapel and is used as an exhibition space in a gallery (monument protection).
  • The nearby war memorial by the Osnabrück sculptor Willi Witte was made from pieces of river piers from Cologne's southern bridge .
  • The villa of the former owner of the Cologne timber structure is also a listed building
  • Between Kalscheuren and the flower settlement of Hermülheim there are still remnants of the flak positions, which were commanded from the control room near the Kendenich elementary school at that time during World War II.

literature

  • Manfred Faust: History of the City of Hürth , ed. from Heimat und Kulturverein Hürth, Cologne, JP Bachem Verlag, 2009 ISBN 978-3-7616-2282-7
  • Raymund Gottschalk: Römer und Franken in Hürth , Verlag Rudolf Habelt, Bonn 2014 ISBN 978-3-7749-3928-8
  • Robert Wilhelm Rosellen : History of the parishes of the deanery Brühl . JP Bachem Verlag, Cologne 1887
  • Hermann Schmitz , city ​​and empire. Cologne in Roman times . First volume: The beginnings of the city of Cologne and the Ubier . Cologne University Press Balduin Pick, Cologne 1948.
  • Manfred Faust: History of the City of Hürth , ed. from Heimat und Kulturverein Hürth, Cologne, JP Bachem Verlag, 2009, ISBN 978-3-7616-2282-7 (pp. 10–15)
  • Raymund Gottschalk: Römer und Franken in Hürth , Verlag Rudolf Habelt, Bonn 2014, ISBN 978-3-7749-3928-8
  • LVR-Landes Museum Bonn, Gabriele Uelsberg (Ed.), Eva's Beauty Case. Jewelry and styling as reflected in the times. Hirmer Verlag, April 2016. ISBN 978-3-7774-2588-7

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ https://www.huerth.de/stadtpolitik/kurzfassung_4923.php
  2. ↑ Manfred Faust: History of the City of Hürth , p. 196
  3. ^ Hermann Schmitz, City and Empire. Cologne in Roman times . The scope of veteran goods. 139 ff
  4. ↑ Raymund Gottschalk: Römer und Franken in Hürth , p. 49
  5. ↑ Robert Wilhelm Rosellen: History of the parishes of the Dean's Office Brühl , p. 205, note 4
  6. ↑ Raymund Gottschalk: Römer und Franken in Hürth , p. 100 f and p. 200 No. 57
  7. ↑ Raymund Gottschalk: Römer and Franken in Hürth , p. 50 f
  8. ↑ Raymund Gottschalk: Römer und Franken in Hürth , p. 199 f
  9. ↑ Gottschalk in: Raymund Gottschalk: Römer und Franken in Hürth , p. 169
  10. ^ Gabriele Uelsberg, Eva's Beauty Case. Jewelry and styling in the mirror of the times, p. 97
  11. ↑ Raymund Gottschalk: Römer and Franken in Hürth , p. 162 f
  12. ↑ Gottschalk in: Raymund Gottschalk: Römer und Franken in Hürth , p. 169
  13. ^ Robert Wilhelm Rosellen, p. 383
  14. ↑ Clemens Klug: Hürth - Kunstschätze und Denkmäler , p. 101. Hürth 1978.
  15. ^ Robert Wilhelm Rosellen, p. 392
  16. ↑ Chronicle, Kalscheuren. Retrieved February 27, 2017 .
  17. ^ History of the plant up to 2011
  18. ^ History of Orion Carbons

Web links

Commons : Kalscheuren  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Coordinates: 50 ° 53 '  N , 6 ° 54'  E