Kaproun

Kaproun
Basic data
State :	Czech Republic
Region :	Jihočeský kraj
District :	Jindřichův Hradec
Municipality :	Kunžak
Area :	409 ha
Geographic location :	49 ° 5 '  N , 15 ° 11'  E Coordinates: 49 ° 4 '38 "  N , 15 ° 10' 50"  E
Height:	690  m nm
Residents :	6 (March 1, 2001)
Postal code :	378 33
License plate :	C.
traffic
Street:	Nová Bystřice - Kunžak
Railway connection:	Jindřichův Hradec – Nová Bystřice

Kaproun ( German Kaltenbrunn ) is a district of the municipality of Kunžak in the Czech Republic. It is located nine kilometers northeast of Nová Bystřice and belongs to the Okres Jindřichův Hradec . The place is laid out as a Rundangerdorf .

geography

Kunžak is located in the west of the Javořická vrchovina in the Česká Canada Nature Park . The narrow-gauge railway line Jindřichův Hradec - Nová Bystřice ( Neuhaus-Neubistritz ) runs to the west . In the north rises the 738 m high Vysoký kámen ( Markstein ). At its foot, the Koštěnický potok and the Reißbach rise to the northeast .

The neighboring towns are in the north Kunžak ( Königseck ) and in the south Klenová.

history

"Kalpauny" was first mentioned in a document in the land register of Landstein in 1487. The Kaltenbrunn complex and the Ui dialect (northern Bavarian) spoken until 1945 with its special Bavarian passwords indicate a settlement by Bavarian German tribes from the Upper Palatinate region, as they did after 1050, but especially in 12/13. Century took place.

From 1554 they wrote Kalpravn , from which Kaltenbrunn later developed. For a short time, part of the place belonged to the reign of Neubistritz and the other part to the Hospital of John the Baptist. Later the entire place was subordinated to the rule of Neubistritz. After the devastation of the Thirty Years' War , only five farmers lived in Kaltenbrunn in 1652, according to the Neuhaus castle chronicle. The registers have been kept by Adams Freiheit since 1769 . During the 18th century flax was grown in order to process it into household linen, so in addition to agriculture, flax cultivation and its processing became the main occupation of the inhabitants of Kaltenbrunn. The flax was spun, woven and then used for embroidery at home. There was also an inn and a general store in Kaltenbrunn. In addition to flax, the farmers also cultivated rye, oats, potatoes, corn, hemp, cabbage and cabbage beets. Viticulture, which has been cultivated in South Moravia for centuries, played no role due to the unfavorable climate and soil. A school was built in 1824. After 1848 "Kaltenbrunn" and the district of Leinbaum form a community. The school was rebuilt around 1900 and later expanded to include two classes.

One of the successor states of Austria-Hungary after the First World War was Czechoslovakia , which claimed the German-speaking areas of Bohemia, Moravia and Silesia that had been German Austria since the end of 1918 . The Treaty of St. Germain awarded the disputed territories to Czechoslovakia against the will of the German population there. The village, 95% of which belonged to the German language group in 1910, fell to the new state. Measures followed such as land reform and the language regulation. This resulted in an increased influx of people of Czech nationality through settlers and newly filled civil servants. Because of this, the local German school was closed and converted into a Czech private school in 1920. The German children were therefore sent to school in Leinbaum. In 1932 a hailstorm destroyed almost all of the village's harvest. After the Munich Agreement , Kaltenbrunn became part of the German Reichsgau Niederdonau on October 1, 1938 .

After the end of the Second World War , the request of the ČSR government Beneš was met by the victorious powers and the territories transferred to Germany in the Munich Agreement were reassigned to Czechoslovakia . Up to 60 people all residents on May 29, 1945 to coincide with the inhabitants of the surrounding villages were militant Czechs "wild" after Austria expelled . Three German local residents were killed in post-war excesses. The property of the German residents was confiscated by the Beneš decree 108 and the local Catholic church was expropriated during the communist era . The displaced persons in Austria were, with the exception of two families, transferred to Germany in accordance with the original transfer goals of the Potsdam Agreement .

In 1985 Kaproun was incorporated into Kunžak.

Seal and coat of arms

The oldest known seal comes from the 19th century and shows a five-petalled rose which is surrounded by a small circular ring and adorned with a leaf garland at the bottom. After 1929 the community had a seal with the Bohemian lion which was surrounded by bilingual inscriptions. Such a seal usually only carried notaries and state authorities.

Population development

census	Total population	Ethnicity of the inhabitants
year		German	Czechs	Other
1880	169	169	0	0
1890	154	151	3	0
1900	155	155	0	0
1910	139	132	7th	0
1921	152	118	33	1
1930	371	289	81	1
1991	4th
2001	6th

Attractions

Jára Cimrman monument at the Kaproun train station

• chapel
• Stone cross with bell in the center of the village
• Wayside shrine (towards Leinbaum) reminds of 1866
• School (exists in 1842), new building around 1900; 1910 two-class, 1920/21 one-class (24 children); Taken over by the Czechs in 1923 due to the drop in the number of students under 20. Until 1938, German children go to school in Leinbaum in summer and autumn (2.5 km)
• Landmark on the road to Königseck: Bohemia - Moravia border
• Prussian Monument (1866)
• Jára Cimrman monument at the train station

literature

• Bruno Kaukal: The coats of arms and seals of the South Moravian communities. In the home districts of Neubistritz, Zlabings, Nikolsburg and Znaim. South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen / Steige 1992, ISBN 3-927498-16-5 , p. 106.
• Alfred Schickel, Gerald Frodl: The history of the German South Moravians from 1945 to the present (= history of South Moravia. Vol. 3). South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen an der Steige 2001, ISBN 3-927498-27-0 , p. 366.
• Gerald Frodl, Walfried Blaschka: The district of Neubistritz (South Bohemia) and the Zlabingser Ländchen from A to Z. South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen / Steige 2008, p. 72.

Web links

• Location description of the umbrella organization of the South Moravians in Austria (German)

Individual evidence

1. ↑ http://www.uir.cz/katastralni-uzemi/649619/Kaproun
2. ^ Leopold Kleindienst: The forms of settlement, rural building and material culture in South Moravia. Contributions to the folklore of South Moravia. South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen an der Steige 1989, ISBN 3-927498-09-2 , p. 10.
3. ^ Hans Hadam: Neubistritz. History of the city and the former rule. District Councilor Neubistritz of the Sudeten German Landsmannschaft, Stuttgart 1981.
4. ↑ Felix Ermacora : The unreached peace. St. Germain and the Consequences. 1919-1989. Amalthea, Vienna et al. 1989, ISBN 3-85002-279-X .
5. ^ Johann Wolfgang Brügel : Czechs and Germans. 1918-1938. Nymphenburger Verlagshandlung, Munich 1967.
6. ↑ Gerald Frodl, Walfried Blaschka: The district of Neubistritz (South Bohemia) and the Zlabingser Ländchen from A to Z. South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen / Steige 2008, p. 72.
7. ^ Alfred Schickel, Gerald Frodl: The history of the German South Moravians from 1945 to the present. 2001, p. 366.
8. ↑ Cornelia Znoy: The expulsion of the Sudeten Germans to Austria in 1945/46. With special consideration of the federal states of Vienna and Lower Austria. Vienna 1995, (Diploma thesis to obtain the master’s degree in philosophy, Faculty of Humanities at the University of Vienna, 1995; typed).
9. ^ Josef Bartoš, Jindřich Schulz, Miloš Trapl: Historický místopis Moravy a Slezska v letech 1848–1960. Volume 9: Okresy Znojmo, Moravský Krumlov, Hustopeče, Mikulov. Profil, Ostrava 1984.
10. ↑ http://www.czso.cz/csu/2009edicniplan.nsf/t/010028D080/$File/13810901.pdf